GREENWASHING, CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR AND THE IMPACT ON COMPETITION POLICY

Author(s): Lucia IRINESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Climate change is increasingly affecting people's lives in all sectors. Experts areincreasingly saying that we are heading for a global crisis. Greenwashing is the processof conveying a false impression or misleading information about how a company’sproducts are environmentally sound. Greenwashing involves making an unsubstantiatedclaim to deceive consumers into believing that a company’s products are environmentallyfriendly or have a greater positive environmental impact than they actually do. In orderfor consumers to be empowered to take better-informed decisions and thus stimulate thedemand for, and the supply of, more sustainable goods, they should not be misled about aproduct’s environmental or social characteristics or circularity aspects, such asdurability, reparability or recyclability, through the overall presentation of a product.Comparing products based on their environmental or social characteristics or circularityaspects, such as durability, reparability or recyclability, is an increasingly commonmarketing technique that could mislead consumers, who are not always able to assess thereliability of that information.

PEDAGOGY PRIME WEB APPLICATION – AN ONLINE TOOL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC CURRICULAR MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TPACK COMPETENCY MODEL

Author(s): Petru-Adrian ISTRIMSCHI,Adrian Iftene / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic has spawned new ways for teachers and students tointeract. These new ways of interaction between the participants in the didactic act acceleratedthe identification of ways to use technology in the didactic activities. New skills had to beassimilated by the teaching staff to be able to carry out teaching activities. These new skills wereintroduced by education science specialists in a new model of skills necessary for the teacher todeliver a quality didactic act: TPACK (technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge). ThePedagogy Prime web application is a powerful tool for educators, primarily focused onfacilitating Percentage Coverage Analysis to ensure comprehensive course coverage aligns withdiscipline requirements. Beyond this core functionality, features such as Upload Discipline FileRules establish standardized guidelines for systematic file management. Display of CourseMaterials enhances transparency for both teachers and students, offering easy access to coursematerials. User Accounts for Professors and Students create a user-friendly environment,tailoring functionalities to the unique needs of each group. Additionally, CommunicationChannels for Students to Ask Questions About Courses foster real-time interaction, providing inappmessaging and course-specific channels. While our primary goal is to assist teachers inassessing course coverage, these complementary features collectively contribute to an organized,efficient, and collaborative educational experience. We remain dedicated to supportingeducators in navigating course management complexities and ensuring a comprehensive andstreamlined teaching process.The 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic has spawned new ways for teachers and students to interact. These new ways of interaction between the participants in the didactic act accelerated the identification of ways to use technology in the didactic activities. New skills had to be assimilated by the teaching staff to be able to carry out teaching activities. These new skills were introduced by education science specialists in a new model of skills necessary for the teacher to deliver a quality didactic act: TPACK (technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge). The Pedagogy Prime web application is a powerful tool for educators, primarily focused on facilitating Percentage Coverage Analysis to ensure comprehensive course coverage aligns with discipline requirements. Beyond this core functionality, features such as Upload Discipline File Rules establish standardized guidelines for systematic file management. Display of Course Materials enhances transparency for both teachers and students, offering easy access to course materials. User Accounts for Professors and Students create a user-friendly environment, tailoring functionalities to the unique needs of each group. Additionally, Communication Channels for Students to Ask Questions About Courses foster real-time interaction, providing inapp messaging and course-specific channels. While our primary goal is to assist teachers in assessing course coverage, these complementary features collectively contribute to an organized, efficient, and collaborative educational experience. We remain dedicated to supporting educators in navigating course management complexities and ensuring a comprehensive and streamlined teaching process.

CHALLENGES AND DYNAMICS OF THE AI ECONOMY IN THE EU ADMINISTRATIVE AREA

Author(s): Paula Cobzaru,Alexandru Țugui / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The AI economy is a dynamic component of the digital ecosystem, contributing to social advancement while varying across different regions. We aim to discover the challenges and dynamics of the AI economy models within the EU, comparing them to the other global regions, along with the current state of the theoretical debates and regulations, to deepen and transfer knowledge and policies among the parties.Exploring a mixed-methods approach, the research combines a quantitative systematic review with content analysis of academic publications. We analyzed 12 papers from the Scopus database, published between 2019 and 2024, using the keywords “AI economy." Our findings indicate that in the EU, ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks take precedence over rapid technological innovation. The EU prioritizes sustainable business models over short-term productivity gains, in contrast to the market-driven approach. Strong social policies to support labor force displacement are preferred over a market-driven approach.The study emphasizes that proactive ethical guidelines and reskilling initiatives are critical to mitigating the adverse effects of automation to balance innovation, business productivity, and societal well-being, addressing both job displacement and the long-term social capabilities of the AI economy.

THE PUBLIC DEBT`S IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH. EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES CASE STUDY

Author(s): Alin Vasile Străchinaru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The events dynamics of the recent decades have confirmed an open relationship between economic growth and public debt. If the first represents the central pillar of sustainable development, the debt constitutes, depending on its approach, a destabilizing factor or a motivational one for achieving the objectives. This study aims to capture the significant indicators` influence on the economic growth dynamics, by using a multivariate regression. The data are collected from the official websites of financial institutions (Eurostat, OECD, respectively IMF) and refer to European Union countries. The analyzed period is between 2000 and 2022 (official data), with an annual frequency. The regression results provide real growth prospects that must be taken into account in developing future strategies. Along with prudence and taking responsibility, increased attention to the flexibility concept is required. In particular, these findings emphasize the need to implement both public policies connected to economic reality and financial-monetary instruments that support economic growth. In this sense, the public debt level does not represent an obstacle, but an asset that supports economic growth, sustainable development at the European Union level.

REMOTE WORKING AND WELL-BEING – THE PURSUIT OF A FAIR BALANCE IN EUROPE

Author(s): Carmen Moldovan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There are many lessons to be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic concerning working environment and the challenges on various aspects of private life. The need for companies to adapt and continue their activities during unprecedented circumstances created new solutions that impacted on flexibility and resilience both of the business sector and of the persons working therein. The main aim of this paper is not to analyse specific national legislation on remote working before and after the pandemic, but rather to address the question of a fair balance between work efficiency and wellbeing of the employees. The lack of a comprehensive definition of wellbeing and digital wellbeing gives rise to a continuous tension between employers and employees and in the post pandemic reality the focus is no longer only on high productivity but on specific rights of employees which were not the principal object of employers` concern.Well-being is closely linked to a person’s state of health, it is a very complex notion which needs to be addressed and clarified. In the constant evolution of technology and digital environment, it will constitute an important factor in the work relationships. Present and future developments in this concern will be explored by the paper.

THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROMANIAN POLICE FROM THE MILITIA DURING THE COMMUNIST PERIOD

Author(s): GABRIEL CRAP / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

During the last decade Romania has undergone major political transformation from communist regimes to democratic forms of government. Despite changes--introducing police ranks, changing uniforms, prohibiting party affiliation, police find it more difficult to persuade citizens that they have really changed. The article details the modifications that came about in tandem with the evolution of the Romanian Police following Romania's 1990 political upheaval. The relationship between socioeconomic shifts and the corresponding modifications to law enforcement agencies has received special attention. These modifications range from renaming the Militia to the Police to altering its personnel, organizational structure, and legal framework. The Romanian Police is a professional organization that serves the public and is commemorating its 202th anniversary in 2024.

BOARD GENDER DIVERSITY AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Author(s): Camelia Cătălina Mihalciuc,Maria Grosu,Ciprian Apostol,Anisoara Niculina Apetri / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Gender differences have become essential topics in the works of researchers dealing with topics related to the relationship between business performance and board diversity, with particular emphasis on the female presence in these boards, due to the specific characteristics of women in management actions, and in many studies the positive relationship found in this direction is stated. This paper aims, on the one hand, to provide a contextual analysis, through a literature review, in order to investigate the influence of gender diversity in boards of directors on business performance, and on the other hand, to examine the concerns and research directions related to the issue under research, through a bibliometric analysis, in order to highlight the links between the concepts analysed, by mapping them, thus providing a broad perspective on the dynamics of the scientific literature studied. In this methodological approach specific to bibliometrics, we will resort to the temporal analysis of the evolution of research studies, which have been published on the Web of Science platform, in the last 23 years, from 2000 to 2023. on the topic of gender diversity and its link with business performance, returning for the period under analysis, over 19,000 results, which allowed us to understand the theoretical and conceptual basis behind gender influences in the context of business performance and to develop new research directions.

DIGITAL COMPETENCE AND AI AS A FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AFFAIRS

Author(s): Lyubimka Andreeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Improving digital skills is one of the main priorities, not only at national, but also at the level of the European Union in terms of a post-pandemic period and the accumulation of crises of all types. Therefore, digitization as a form of work should be seen as a key advantage, as an opportunity to overcome crises. In that sense, we can argue that the essence of the digital transformation of human resources lies in the creation of a culture, a digitalization strategy to achieve an advantage, in turn, digitalization involves learning not just how to use digital skills, but how to use them to achieve sustainability. From this point of view, the aim of the article is to outline the digital transformation in public administration affairs, focusing on the so-called digital competence, as part of the general framework of competences for civil servants at national and supranational level and in the light of the influence of the artificial intelligence (AI). More specifically, the aim is to outline the main problems and challenges, both in formulating and introducing the concept of "digital competence", as well as the challenges to its implementation and application. Therefore, the results of the article could serve for the competent introduction of a workable model for digital competence as part of artificial intelligence in the conditions of a changed environment. The methodology of the article includes comparative analysis of national and supranational levels regarding the European framework of Digital competences and national documents.

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

Author(s): GILLES GRIN / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This contribution, based on a historical perspective, aims to provide a synthesis of the achievements, limitations and challenges of European economic and monetary union (EMU). While monetary policy has been federalised between twenty of the twenty-seven EU member States, economic union remains an incomplete achievement. We shall concentrate on the latter. The initial focus will be on two fundamental reports, the 1970 Werner report and the 1989 Delors report. We shall then look at the design of the Maastricht Treaty regarding EMU: monetary union was placed on a solid footing while economic union was a weak construction. We shall then move on to the consequences of the 2008 crisis, with monetary union under attack and the creation of an economic union2.0. We will then question the possibility of moving towards an economic union 3.0 and investigate the resilience of national sovereignty. We shall conclude with the existence of major challenges for the future.

INNOVATIVE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN ACCOUNTING PRACTICES

Author(s): Eugenia Bogos (Calancea) / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The transformation of financial analysis within modern accounting practices is a critical development in the financial landscape. This article explores the impact of digitalization and technological advancements on accounting, emphasizing the importance of modern accounting practices and the consequent evolution of financial analysis. By examining the integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain, we highlight how these innovations enhance efficiency, accuracy, and strategic decision-making. The findings illustrate that the shift towards automated, real- time financial analysis is not merely a trend but a necessity for organizations aiming to thrive in a competitive environment.

Židovští uprchlíci z Haliče a Bukoviny na Klatovsku v období první světové války

Author(s): Klára Habartová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document discusses the plight of Jewish refugees from Galicia and Bukovina during World War I, who were forced to flee their homes due to the conflict between Russian and Austro-Hungarian armies. These refugees traveled in large numbers to the interior of the Habsburg monarchy, primarily to Vienna and various regions in the Czech lands. They faced numerous hardships, including long journeys on foot or in overcrowded trains, and were often housed in inadequate conditions. The state and charitable organizations provided some support, including food, clothing, and medical care. Refugees were also subjected to health inspections and quarantines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Despite these efforts, many refugees suffered from poor living conditions and high mortality rates. The document highlights the significant impact of these refugees on local communities, both positive and negative, and the ongoing challenges they faced even after the war ended.

Podnikání ve sladkostech s trpkým koncem Velimská továrna na čokoládu, cukrovinky a kávové náhražky a rodina Glaserů

Author(s): Ladislav Jouza,Miroslava Jouzová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Velim chocolate factory, established in 1869 by Jan Pavel Szalatnay and his cousin Justus Emanuel Szalatnay, initially produced coffee substitutes, chocolate, and malt. The factory evolved into a joint-stock company in 1872, producing various coffee substitutes and chocolate. The Glaser family, prominent in the business, expanded the factory's operations, including the production of chewing gum in the early 20th century. Despite challenges during the Great Depression and World War II, the factory continued to innovate and produce a wide range of confectionery products. After the war, the factory was nationalized and became part of the Czechoslovak national enterprise, focusing on candy production until its closure in 1994.

Klara Fischer-Pollak (1899-1970) (Po)válečné osudy židovské lékařky z Karlových Varů

Author(s): Monika Hanková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Klara Fischer-Pollak, a Jewish doctor from Karlovy Vary, faced numerous hardships during and after World War II. Her life story reflects the suffering of Jews and mixed families during the Nazi occupation and the complex Czech-German relations post-1945. Despite being a capable and dedicated physician, she struggled with legal and social challenges due to her German nationality and Jewish heritage. After the war, she was nationalized and faced significant difficulties in reclaiming her property and resuming her medical practice. Her health deteriorated due to the physical and emotional toll of her experiences. Eventually, she emigrated to Bavaria, where she continued to face challenges but managed to rebuild her life and career. Klara's story is a poignant example of resilience and the struggle for recognition and stability in the aftermath of the Holocaust.

Z našeho výzkumu týkajícího se Židů v městečku Bezdružice (Weseritz)

Author(s): Ingild Janda-Busl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The research on Jews in the town of Bezdružice (Weseritz) highlights the historical presence and contributions of the Jewish community in the Czech-Bavarian border region. The study began with the discovery of Jewish cemeteries and memorials in the Tachov area, leading to a deeper exploration of Jewish life in Bezdružice. The Löwenstein-Wertheim family acquired the Bezdružice estate in the early 18th century, and Jewish families, such as the Sinay family, played significant roles in the local economy. The Jewish community faced numerous challenges, including property confiscation and persecution during the Nazi occupation. Despite these hardships, the community's legacy is preserved through historical records and ongoing research efforts. The synagogue and cemetery in Bezdružice, although damaged, remain important cultural and historical sites.

Materiály k dějinám Židů ve Státním okresním archivu Klatovy

Author(s): Lenka Sýkorová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The State District Archive in Klatovy has seen increased interest in the history of the Jewish minority, despite the absence of a dedicated Jewish religious community fund. The archive primarily relies on state and municipal records, as well as parish office documents. The materials focus on Jewish communities in areas with significant German populations, which were annexed to Germany between 1938 and 1945. The most informative records are from the political districts of Klatovy and Sušice, established in 1850. Jewish communities were organized under association laws, requiring registration and approval by political authorities. The archives contain detailed records of Jewish religious communities, including membership lists, financial contributions, and property management. These documents provide valuable insights into the Jewish minority's history in the southwestern border region.

Pátrání po zmizelých židovských občanech z Nýrska a okolí

Author(s): Irena Vaňkátová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Museum of the Royal Forest in Nýrsko aims to systematically document the history of the local Jewish community, which was once significant. In 2007, they contacted former residents, including Pavel Škorpil and William Tanzer, to gather memories and photographs. These narratives, along with archival research, have helped reconstruct the lives of Jewish citizens like Dr. Julius Tanzer and Leopold Goldbach. The project has uncovered stories of persecution during the Nazi occupation, with many community members deported and killed. Despite these hardships, the Jewish legacy in Nýrsko is preserved through personal recollections and historical records. The museum continues to collect and share these stories, highlighting the contributions and suffering of the Jewish population. The project also includes exhibitions and educational programs to raise awareness about the Jewish heritage in the region. The museum's efforts have been supported by local and international contacts, including descendants of former residents. The ongoing research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Jewish community's impact on Nýrsko's history.

Židovské hřbitovy v severozápadních Čechách

Author(s): Ludomír Kocourek / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Interest in the study of Jewish history and culture in northwestern Bohemia has grown since the late 1980s, leading to numerous publications and online resources. The region's Jewish cemeteries, often neglected and damaged by Nazi and communist regimes, have become a focal point of research. The Jewish communities in areas like Teplice, Ústí nad Labem, and Litomìøice have left behind significant historical records, including cemetery inscriptions and community documents. Efforts to preserve these sites have increased, with many cemeteries undergoing restoration funded by the European Union and local authorities. The Teplice Jewish community, once the second largest in Bohemia, has a rich history documented through various sources. The Ústí nad Labem cemetery, established in 1866, faced significant damage during and after World War II. In Litomìøice, the Jewish cemetery dates back to the 16th century, with many historical tombstones still present. The preservation and study of these cemeteries provide valuable insights into the Jewish heritage of the region. Local organizations and volunteers play a crucial role in these restoration efforts. The ongoing research and preservation work aim to honor and remember the Jewish communities that once thrived in northwestern Bohemia.

Ediční poznámka

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V září 2008 uspořádalo Muzeum Královského hvozdu v Nýrsku ve spolupráci se Židovským muzeem v Praze druhý seminář k dějinám Židů v Cechách. Stejně jako první setkání, uskutečněné v říjnu 2006 v Liberci, i tentokrát byl seminář zaměřen na novodobou problematiku a dějiny Židů v pohraničí.

Seznam autorů

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

THE (IM)MATERIAL OBJECT OF ILLICIT ENRICHMENT ACCORDING TO ART. 330 CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Author(s): Petru Vîrlan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Offenses outlined in Article 3302 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova fall within the category of criminal acts that, in a unique way, impact the proper conduct of activities in the public sphere. Through these rules, the legislator forbids, subject to penalties, the enrichment of the public agent through actions that generate illicit income. A pivotal issue currently under substantial debate revolves around the compatibility of illicit enrichment with human rights principles and concerns regarding the perceived reversal of the burden of proof. Insights from several states that have successfully addressed challenges related to the criminalization of illicit enrichment can be examined and harmonized with the existing legislative framework. Moreover, the definition and analysis of the material object of the crime of illicit enrichment consists in the material entity on which the direct criminal act is directed, through which the legal object of the crime is affected; thus, we can elude the framework of application of this criminalization rule.