Židé v Tachově v roce 1930. Demografická sonda o stavu židovské komunity v Tachově II

Author(s): Jan Edl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document provides a demographic analysis of the Jewish community in Tachov in 1930, based on census data and other archival sources. It highlights the age distribution, family structures, and economic activities of the Jewish population, noting a significant decline in numbers over the years. The study also examines the living conditions, including housing and employment, and the impact of historical events such as World War I and the subsequent economic crises. The document discusses the challenges in tracing the community's history due to the loss of many original records and the importance of preserving Jewish heritage. It concludes with reflections on the contributions of the Jewish community to the local economy and culture, despite the adversities they faced.

„Sériové dokumenty” v SOkA Pardubice a možnosti jejich využití pro dějiny židovského osídlení

Author(s): Renáta Růžičková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document discusses the utilization of archival materials from the State District Archive in Pardubice for studying the history of Jewish settlement in the region. It highlights the 2012 exhibition "Under the Star of David," which commemorated the 70th anniversary of Jewish transports to Terezín. The exhibition featured contributions from over 20 institutions and individuals, showcasing documents, photographs, and personal items. The text details the archival sources used, including records from Jewish schools, religious communities, and various local organizations. It also emphasizes the importance of preserving Jewish heritage and the challenges faced in documenting the community's history due to the loss of many original records. The document concludes with reflections on the ongoing efforts to create databases and catalog archival materials to facilitate future research.

Mostečtí Židé a nacistická persekuce v letech 1938-1945

Author(s): Jana Sýkorová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document examines the persecution of Jews in Most during the Nazi occupation from 1938 to 1945. It highlights the lack of research on the Jewish minority in Most since the 1930s and the need to document their history, especially during the Holocaust. The study uses various sources, including home registration records, school catalogs, and voter lists, to create a comprehensive database of Jewish residents. It details the impact of the Nuremberg Laws, the destruction of the Most synagogue during Kristallnacht, and the subsequent liquidation of Jewish organizations. The document also discusses the confiscation of Jewish property, the forced emigration of Jewish residents, and the tragic fate of those who were deported to concentration camps. It concludes with reflections on the importance of preserving Jewish heritage and the ongoing efforts to document the community's history.

Poslední židé v Plané u Mariánských Lázní

Author(s): Markéta Novotná / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document explores the history of the Jewish settlement in Planá near Mariánské Lázně, highlighting its rich yet somewhat forgotten past. The Jewish religious community, which peaked at 109 members in 1910, gradually declined due to worsening conditions after Hitler's rise to power. Following the Munich Agreement, most Jews left the town, with only a few remaining by October 1938. Archival records from the Planá town archive list the names of the last Jewish residents and businesses, many of which were abandoned or confiscated. The document also details the tragic fate of these individuals during the Holocaust, with most perishing in concentration camps. Post-war, the few surviving family members faced significant challenges in reclaiming their property. The narrative concludes with reflections on the lasting impact of the Jewish community on Planá's history and the importance of preserving their memory.

Životní příběh kdyňského lékaře MUDr. Lva Hartmana

Author(s): Radka Kinkorová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Dr. Lev Hartman, a Jewish physician from Kdyně faced significant hardships during World War II. Born in 1905, Hartman pursued a medical career despite financial difficulties and graduated from Charles University in 1931. He established a successful practice in Kdyně, becoming a beloved community figure. However, the Nazi occupation led to the revocation of his medical license in 1940, forcing him into manual labor. Hartman actively participated in the anti-Nazi resistance, narrowly escaping deportation by hiding with the help of Jan Fleischmann. After the war, he resumed his medical practice and contributed to public health efforts. Hartman's story is a testament to resilience and the impact of supportive allies during times of persecution.

Rodina Aschermannů, podnikatelů a obchodníků v Kolíně

Author(s): Ladislav Jouza,Miroslava Jouzová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document chronicles the lives of the Aschermann family, Jewish entrepreneurs and merchants in Kolín, from the early 20th century. Hugo and Emil Aschermann moved to Kolín to establish their businesses in the textile industry, becoming prominent members of the local Jewish community. The narrative details their family history, business ventures, and social contributions, including Hugo's involvement in the Czech-Jewish movement and Emil's leadership in various Jewish organizations. The text also covers the impact of World War II, including the closure of their businesses, deportation to Terezín, and the tragic fate of many family members in concentration camps. Post-war, surviving members faced challenges in reclaiming their property and rebuilding their lives. The document concludes with reflections on the lasting impact of the Aschermann family on Kolín's industrial and cultural landscape.

Židovské obyvatelstvo Žacléřska od nejstarších písemných zpráv do druhé světové války

Author(s): Vlastimil Málek / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document explores the history of the Jewish population in the Žacléř region from the earliest written records to World War II. It highlights the establishment of Jewish communities, their economic activities, and the challenges they faced, including anti-Semitic measures and the impact of the Holocaust. The text details the presence of Jewish families, their contributions to local industries, and the establishment of Jewish institutions such as synagogues and cemeteries. It also discusses the forced labor camps for Jews during World War II and the transformation of these camps into branches of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in 1944. The document concludes with reflections on the significant yet often overlooked role of the Jewish community in the region's history and the importance of preserving their memory.

Židovský hřbitov v Teplicích

Author(s): Lucie B. Petrusová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Jewish cemetery in Teplice, has been established in 1862 and still in use until today. It details the existence of two older cemeteries in the town, with the first dating back to the late 15th century and located southeast of the town walls. The second cemetery, known as the "old cemetery," was used from 1669 until its closure in 1862 due to capacity issues and urban expansion. The document highlights the destruction of these cemeteries during the Nazi occupation, with many gravestones repurposed or lost. The current cemetery, part of a multi-denominational municipal cemetery, features a variety of gravestones, including traditional Jewish symbols and influences from classicism and Art Nouveau. The text emphasizes the importance of preserving this historical site, which contains over three thousand gravestones and serves as a significant cultural monument in the region.

Ediční poznámka

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V říjnu 2014 uspořádalo Židovské muzeum v Praze ve spolupráci s Regionálním muzeem v Teplicích páté setkání archivářů, historiků a pracovníků regionálních muzeí, kteří se zabývají dějinami Židů v Cechách se zaměřením na novodobou problematiku a historii pohraničních oblastí.

Židé na Trutnovsku v 18. století

Author(s): Pavel R. Zahradník / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document examines the history of the Jewish community in the Trutnov region during the 18th century, a period marked by significant changes in state policies towards Jews, including the Familiant Law and various reforms by Joseph II. It utilizes Jewish censuses from 1723-1724, 1783, 1793, and 1799, as well as archival materials from the State District Archive in Trutnov. The study highlights the earliest mentions of Jews in the region, dating back to the 16th century, and details the Jewish population's economic activities, such as trade and crafts. It also discusses the impact of regulatory measures like the numerus clausus and the expulsion of Jews in 1744. The document further explores the reforms of Joseph II, which aimed at modernizing the state and included significant changes in the economic, educational, and legal status of Jews. The narrative concludes with the Jewish community's contributions to the local economy and their gradual integration into broader society.

Stavitel Konrad Kuhn a jeho plány trutnovské synagogy

Author(s): Roman Reil / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document explores the history of the Jewish religious community in Trutnov, focusing on the construction and fate of the Trutnov synagogue. It highlights the contributions of notable architects like Konrad Kühn and Johann Blažek, who designed the synagogue and other significant buildings in the region. The text details the establishment of the synagogue in 1885, its architectural features, and the community's efforts to maintain it. It also covers the tragic events of Kristallnacht in 1938, which led to the synagogue's destruction. The document includes information on the Jewish population's economic activities and the impact of Nazi occupation during World War II. It concludes with reflections on the preservation of Jewish heritage and the challenges faced in documenting the community's history due to the loss of many original records.

Židovský hřbitov Bezdružice

Author(s): Václav Chvátal / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document details the history of the Jewish settlement in Bezdružice, starting from 1694. It highlights the establishment of the Jewish community and cemetery in the mid-18th century, noting the preservation of several original Jewish houses despite modern renovations. The synagogue, built in 1812 in a classicist style, was destroyed by the Nazis in 1938 but remains a cultural monument. The cemetery, once neglected, underwent extensive restoration between 2011 and 2012, revealing 185 gravestones, including the oldest from 1762. The document also discusses the discovery of Jewish gravestones used as construction material in the 20th century and their subsequent return to the cemetery. It emphasizes the unique architectural and epigraphic features of the gravestones, such as plant motifs and the use of matronymics. The restoration efforts were supported by German volunteers and local organizations, highlighting the collaborative nature of the project.

Židovští obchodníci s českým sklem na světových trzích

Author(s): Jitka Lněničková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document investigates the role of Jewish merchants in the global trade of Bohemian glass from 1900 to 1914, focusing on the Lötz glassworks in Klášterský Mlýn. It highlights the significant contributions of Jewish-owned firms in Central Europe, despite the challenges in tracing these connections due to limited archival sources. The study examines the business relationships between the Lötz glassworks and its Jewish customers, who were involved in various sectors, including retail, wholesale, and luxury goods. It also discusses the geographical distribution of these customers, with a notable presence in Eastern Europe, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The document provides detailed accounts of specific Jewish firms and their orders, illustrating the diversity and extent of their involvement in the glass trade. The research underscores the importance of Jewish merchants in the dissemination of Bohemian glass worldwide and their impact on the industry.

Židovští podnikatelé ve lnářském průmyslu na Trutnovsku

Author(s): Bohumír Smutný / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document examines the role of Jewish entrepreneurs in the linen industry in the Trutnov region during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It highlights the establishment of the first mechanical flax spinning mill in 1836 by Johann Faltis and the subsequent involvement of Jewish businessmen like Filip Morawetz, Jakob Oberländer, and Leopold Abeles. The text details the expansion of the industry, including the founding of additional mills and weaving factories by Jewish entrepreneurs such as the Buxbaum brothers and Josef Pfefferkorn. It also discusses the impact of World War I and the economic crisis of the 1920s and 1930s on the industry. The document covers the Nazi occupation, the confiscation of Jewish-owned businesses, and the tragic fate of many Jewish entrepreneurs during the Holocaust. Post-war, it notes the nationalization of the textile industry and the challenges faced by surviving Jewish business owners in reclaiming their property.

Chrastečtí Heislerovi

Author(s): Klára Habartová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document details the history of the Jewish settlement in Chrast and its surroundings from the late 18th century, following the issuance of the Toleration Patent by Joseph II. It highlights the significant Jewish families, such as the Heisler family, who were prominent in various industries and became major employers in the region. The Heisler family established several factories, including a paper tip factory for cigars and cigarettes, a chemical factory producing pharmaceuticals, and a factory processing human hair. The document also covers the impact of World War II, including the confiscation of Jewish-owned businesses and the tragic fate of many Jewish residents during the Holocaust. Post-war, the document notes the nationalization of industries and the challenges faced by surviving Jewish business owners in reclaiming their property. The narrative concludes with reflections on the lasting impact of the Jewish community on the industrial and cultural development of Chrast.

7935 let Židů v Tachově, co s tím? Demografická sonda o stavu židovské komunity v Tachově v roce 1921

Author(s): Jan Edl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document provides a demographic analysis of the Jewish community in Tachov in 1921, based on census data and other archival sources. It highlights the age distribution, family structures, and economic activities of the Jewish population, noting a significant decline in numbers over the years. The study also examines the living conditions, including housing and employment, and the impact of historical events such as World War I and the subsequent economic crises. The document discusses the challenges in tracing the community's history due to the loss of many original records and the importance of preserving Jewish heritage. It concludes with reflections on the contributions of the Jewish community to the local economy and culture, despite the adversities they faced.

Sňatková turistika v židovských obcích českého pohraničí vletech 1920-1935

Author(s): Lenka Matušíková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document examines the phenomenon of "marriage tourism" among Jewish communities in the Czech-German border regions between 1920 and 1935. It highlights the practices of rabbis who conducted marriages for foreign Jews, often bypassing Czechoslovak legal requirements. The text details the involvement of various rabbis, the administrative challenges, and the subsequent investigations by Czechoslovak authorities. It also discusses the socio-political context, including the impact of World War I and the economic crises of the 1920s and 1930s. The document provides statistical data on the number of marriages recorded in Jewish religious communities and the legal repercussions for the rabbis involved. It concludes with reflections on the broader implications of these practices for Jewish communities and their legal standing in Czechoslovakia and neighboring countries.

K osudu písemností židovských obcí okupovaného pohraničí

Author(s): Vlastimila Hamáčková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document investigates the confiscation and handling of Jewish community assets in the occupied border regions during the Nazi era, focusing on the records from the Stillhaltekommissar für Organisationen Reichenberg and related institutions. It highlights the detailed financial records, including securities, real estate, and movable property, but notes the lack of information on the historical or artistic value of synagogue items, which were often melted down for their silver content. The study also examines the fate of Jewish community documents, such as financial books and membership records, which were often seized by the Gestapo. It discusses the administrative processes involved in the confiscation and the subsequent handling of these assets, including the involvement of various local and regional archives. The document underscores the challenges in tracing the history of these assets due to the destruction and dispersal of records during and after World War II. It concludes with reflections on the importance of preserving Jewish heritage and the ongoing efforts to document and understand the impact of these confiscations.

Ediční poznámka

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V říjnu 2012 uspořádalo Židovské muzeum v Praze ve spolupráci se Státním okresním archivem Trutnov a Muzeem Podkrkonoší v Trutnově v pořadí již čtvrté setkání archivářů, historiků a pracovníků regionálních muzeí, kteří se zabývají dějinami Židů v Cechách se zaměřením na novodobou problematiku a historii pohraničních oblastí.

Seznam autorù

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0