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IMPACT OF TOURISM ON PORTUGAL’S REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Catia Rasario,Ana Lorga da Silva,António Augusto Costa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is widely recognized that tourism is an essential factor in the economic development of the regions. However, the different socio-demographic characteristics of each region can contribute to attracting or not tourists and tourist investment. In this chapter, the regional characteristics that contribute to the attraction of tourism are analyzed and carried out through linear regression models. Likewise, the authors analyze the impact of tourism on the development of regions, in terms of unemployment and wealth creation. The authors also try to understand the degree of dependence of the regions on foreign tourism, given that the tourism sector was severely affected by the beginning of the pandemic. This analysis is made in Portugal, by NUTS II, comparing the different regions of the country.

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TOURISM AS A SOURCE OF TAXATION – THE PORTUGUESE CASE

Author(s): Carlos Rodrigues,Ana Campina / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This research analyzes the financial contribution generated by the activity of tourism to the general budget of the state of Portugal through the taxes collected on the profits of companies linked to tourism and on VAT that tourists pay in Portugal. We concluded, in the end, that the financial values generated for the state budget are of great importance and have been growing.

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ARE THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES WITH TOURISM PRICE INDICES IN THE PURCHASING POWER PARITY ZONE?

Author(s): Jani Beko,Darja Borišič / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter provides a detailed analysis of the validity of PPP for a cluster of 15 Mediterranean countries. The research has four original contributions. First, it uses two price indicators: a consumer price index for all items and a consumer price index for hotels and restaurants including catering and accommodation services. Second, it tests the exchange rate theory regarding two numeraire currencies. Third, due to the cyclicality of the tourism sector the study examines the significance of PPP by considering the impact of the Great Recession. Fourth, in order to test the mean reversion hypothesis, it uses a comprehensive set of panel unit root tests. The authors provide ample estimates in favour of PPP proposition. The evidence of mean reversion of real exchange rates is stronger (1) with price indices for hotels and restaurants, (2) in cases when the calculations are performed for EUR rates, and (3) for the post-Great Recession period.

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EUROPEAN TRAVEL AND TOURISM ICT READINESS: PCA/SWARA APPROACH

Author(s): Žarko Rađenović,Ivana Marjanović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of information and communication technology has led to the transformation of traditional business practices in all sectors of the economy. Information and communication technologies in the field of tourism represent a generator of change and drivers of development, by enabling the creation and retention of a large number of jobs, business opportunities and significant added value. Given the well-recognized value of the information and communication technologies in tourism, this chapter sought to identify the countries with the highest level of travel and tourism ICT readiness. Therefore, a two-step analysis was applied where in the first step the weights were determined using two approaches, PCA and SWARA. In the second step, using multicriteria analysis, the evaluation of ICT readiness of European countries was performed. The results indicate that the application of weight coefficients determined by different approaches in the same multicriteria method leads to moderate rank inversion.

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EQUITY MANAGEMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ENTERPRISES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Author(s): Katarina Tasaryova,Renata Pakšiova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since its expansion at the beginning of the 20th century, tourism has shown its strength and importance. Tourism is a link between several economic sectors, thanks to its accumulated development potential. One of the main goals of business entities from the financial point of view is to achieve profit. The second is the maximize the value of the company, which can be affected by the achievement of profit. Companies operating in the field of tourism in the Slovak Republic are no exception. The chapter deals with the analysis of their equity, including its individual items with an emphasis on the going concern. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, we identify the relationship between equity and its individual items. The aim of the chapter is, based on indebtedness indicators, specifically total indebtedness and the degree of self-financing to assess the adequacy of own resources needed to finance its activities in this sector in the Slovak Republic, while marginally analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Slovakia.

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OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND CITIZEN’S VIEWPOINT OF ECOTOURISM IN AZERBAIJAN: CASE STUDY OF SHAHDAG NATIONAL PARK

Author(s): Ibrahim Asadov,Eva Erdelyi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Growing dissatisfaction with mass tourism, ecotourism had become a major tool for achieving conservation and sustainable development goals by many developing countries by the mid. 1980s. Today, it is a major source of income for many developing countries across the world with being less destructive in the usage of natural resources than alternative economic sectors such as agriculture and logging. This study is concentrated on investigating and researching ecotourism within the context of national parks, more precisely within Shahdag National Park (SNP) of Azerbaijan. This study aims to find the existing gaps, disadvantages and challenges in the ecotourism system of SNP, identify the opinion and level of education of people of Azerbaijan about ecotourism and sustainability in general. To identify these, data were collected, and both quantitative and qualitative methods were implemented. Primary research included a questionnaire survey and interview. As the main result, it can be concluded that Shahdag National Park of Azerbaijan has immense ecotourism potential but this potential is not utilized to its fullest capacity.

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CROATIA AND TURKEY – COMPARISON OF TWO MEDITERRANEAN TOURIST DESTINATIONS

Author(s): Hilal Numanoglu,Fran Poljak,Gordi Sušić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper evaluates tourism sector dynamics and tourism development strategies of two Mediterranean countries, Croatia and Turkey. In order to identify key supply and demand characteristics of this sector various indicators are graphically presented, elaborated and explained, from accommodation facilities available to physical and financial tourism indicators, their contribution to real activity and employment, as well as price competitiveness determinants. The goal of the paper is to outline similarities and differences in tourism sector indicators, as well as the way Turkey and Croatia see their tourism activity (preferably) developing in the future. Paper is of value added to academic scholars, tourist/business specialists, macroeconomic analysts and broad domestic and international readers interested in this field of research.

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GASTRONOMY TOURISM AND DESTINATION BRANDING: THE STUDY OF MICHELIN-STARRED RESTAURANTS IN CROATIA

Author(s): Matea Hanžek,Gordi Sušić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper explores the role of Michelin-starred restaurants and their chefs as change-makers and advocates of successful gastronomy tourism destination branding in Croatia. In this qualitative research, in-depth surveys were conducted with all of the seven chefs of Michelin-starred restaurants in Croatia. These restaurants are: Draga di Lovrana, Boškinac, Monte, Pelegrini, LD Restaurant and 360° located in Zagreb, Lovran, Novalja, Rovinj, Šibenik, Korčula and Dubrovnik. Results of research uncover whether and which are the significant forms of activities that Croatian Michelin-starred restaurants implement in order to enhance destination attractiveness and by that influence placing Croatia on the world gastronomy map, creating stronger gastronomy destination brands.

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ANALYSIS OF HEALTH TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Author(s): Bela Muhi,Jelena Vemić Đurković / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors, which is constantly evolving and differentiating. As a result of changing economic conditions and current social trends, the behavior of tourism participants who are looking for a more targeted and diverse offer is changing, which leads to the emergence of new and specific forms of tourism. One of these specific forms of tourism is health tourism. This paper aims to analyze tourism in Serbia and the Czech Republic with a special focus on health tourism. The Czech Republic has become one of the top health tourism destinations in Europe. On the other side in Serbia, health tourism has been in the process of development and internationalization in the past few years. In order to successfully develop health tourism, Serbia should follow the example and learn from developed countries in this field, and that is why this paper will describe good examples from the Czech Republic.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF DIGITAL MARKETING FOR WINERIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF WINE TOURISM: CASE STUDY OF SERBIA

Author(s): Tatjana Pivac,Mirjana Maksimović,Ivana Blešić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The wineries recognized the increasingly important role of digital marketing as a valuable and appropriate tool to reach consumers. Wineries owners need to learn to use and apply social media in their marketing activities, as well as which activities are most effective for their needs. This paper intends to provide a brief analysis of digital wine marketing and social media marketing contributions for the wineries to increase brand awareness, sales, and development. The purpose of this research is to investigate social media adoption and engagement amongst wineries and more importantly to understand the activities they use to interact with consumers on social media platforms. For the purpose of this paper, a structured questionnaire was created. The authors wanted to examine to what extent the wineries are familiar with digital marketing and how much they use it in their own business. The study included 50 wineries across Serbia. Serbian wineries need to be more competitive on the tourist market and understand better the mode of functioning of different systems. The results show that Facebook and Instagram are the main platforms that wineries use to engage with consumers.

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TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DANUBE SHORE (CLISURA DUNĂRII) – POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS

Author(s): Adiran-Costinel Tanase,Florenta-Diana Tanase,Suzana Demyen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tourism is a global industry that brings considerable revenue to all states that know how to manage it. This chapter highlights aspects related to entrepreneurship in tourism along the Danube Shore (Clisura Dunării), a touristic area of extreme natural beauty, along with anthropogenic sights, a zone that can become a development engine for the region, by capitalizing on local resources and engaging related industries. The first part of the work presents the current state of knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship and, in particular, of entrepreneurship in tourism, in order to later describe the Danube Shore and the most representative touristic sites for this area. The chapter also presents aspects related to the analysis of the correlations between the GDP of Caraş-Severin County and the number of overnight stays, as well as the results of a study on the touristic potential of the Danube Shore, a study conducted through a survey based on a questionnaire.

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BIRDWATCHING AS A NEW RESOURCE FOR SERBIAN ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Mario V. Lukinović,Larisa Jovanović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The topic of this paper is the branding of the tourist offer of birdwatching in Belgrade. Although it brings significant income to the world, birdwatching in Serbia is still not adequately recognized and there is no developed offer of programs for bird watchers. Serbia has no access to the sea and must rely on eco-tourism, primarily spa and rural tourism. Unlike other types of tourism, birdwatching does not require significant investments in infrastructure. It is practiced by nature lovers of all ages and develops in all areas where birds can be observed, from backyards, parks to hard-to-reach and untouched parts of nature. Promoting this type of hobby can have a significant impact on spending more time in nature, as well as raising awareness of the need to preserve nature. The uniqueness of the birdwatching offer on the territory of the city of Belgrade is reflected in the presence of a large number of different habitats in a relatively small area, so it is possible to see almost in one focus and the Whitetailed eagle and the wetland bird.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF PROTECTED AREAS IN SERBIA, ON THE EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF PA-BAT METHOD AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Milica Dobričić,Goran Sekulić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter discusses the importance of evaluating ecosystem services by showcasing the Protected Areas Benefit Assessment Tool (PA-BAT), which has been applied in seven Dinaric Arc countries, and has gathered information on a range of values and benefits that protected areas provide. The PA-BAT results presented here include data for protected areas in Serbia (national parks Tara, Djerdap, Fruška gora and Kopaonik, Landscape of exceptional features of Vlasina and Special Nature Reserve of the Upper Danube) and economic assessment of 22 protected area values with special reference to tourism and recreation. This chapter gives a brief overview of other analyzes and initiatives for assessing the value of ecosystem services related to protected areas in Serbia. This chapter aims to contribute to a better understanding and promotion of the concept of ecosystem services in tourism and other sectors using PA-BAT and other methods of evaluation of protected area services.

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EFFECTS OF LEADERS-FOLLOWERS EXCHANGE (LMX) ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENT IN HOSPITALITY AND PUBLIC SERVICES

Author(s): Tatjana Vanić,Igor Stamenković,Tamara Gajić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Based on the specifics of the selected service sectors - hospitality and public, it is clear that the role of leaders significantly varies. Antecedents for achieving organizational and individual goals include a quality relationship between leaders and followers (supervisors and subordinates), making it possible for an organization to be functional and successful and employees satisfied at work. Although the concept of leadership is as old as human civilization, numerous multi-annual researches and thousands of studies have not yielded with a clear idea of what the leadership is and how best the organizational and individual goals could be achieved. This paper focuses on the effects of the quality of leaders - followers exchange to organizational commitment and turnover intent (intention to leave).

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AN INDEX FOR MEASURING HORIZONTAL DIFFERENTIATION IN HOSPITALITY

Author(s): Maria D. Illescas Manzano,Manuel Sanchez Perez,Sergio Martinez Puertas / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Amid a continuous and evolving offer of new services, the hospitality industry is immersed in a highly competitive changing environment, being differentiation an essential strategy to survive and gain a competitive advantage. As a consequence, a differentiation strategy is continuously being defined and adapted. Beyond the vertical differentiation, focused on objective quality signals, horizontal differentiation offers more chance and alternatives to hoteliers for using own resources and capabilities to gain a competitive advantage. In particular, product analysis and competition evaluation are a must-be to offer a value proposition co-created with the customer. Considering the great range of services, and the need to compute all properly and understandably, this work aims to design and index that can integrate all services of a hotel and allow comparison to evaluate the level of differentiation.

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ONLINE PLATFORMS AS MODERN TOOLS IN TOURISM IN EXTRAORDINARY TIMES: CASE FOR FURTHER DIGITALIZATION IN WESTERN BALKANS

Author(s): Vesna Luković / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Extraordinary times require an extraordinary response, especially when economic growth is at stake. Tourism contributes to economic growth in Western Balkans and has been robust in recent years. That was supported by new business models which make it possible for households to participate in the digital economy, including online platforms for travel accommodation. Internet connectivity and digital skills are crucial in that respect. This paper looks at the convergence of the Western Balkan candidate countries to the European Union (EU) in terms of connectivity and the digital skills needed. Analysis of data derived from questionnaires and other sources at the Eurostat show that candidate countries participate in the collaborative economy less and are below EU average in terms of digitalization. Investments supported by EU commitment to the region could improve internet connectivity and digital skills in the Western Balkans. That would benefit their economies which is especially relevant now considering the Covid-19 outbreak in the first quarter of 2020 and its disruption to achieving many goals. The argument for further digitalization is even more important.

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MOBILE APPS AS A TOOL FOR DESTINATION MANAGEMENT – CASE STUDY OF BELGRADE

Author(s): Snežana Štetić,Dario Šimičević,Jelena Aksentijević,,Igor Tršić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Mobile applications, as a very dynamic segment of modern ICT (Information and Communication Technology), are in widespread use in tourism. Tourist destinations are increasingly using mobile applications to manage the development of a destination product, that is, the applications themselves are seen as an important part of the destination product and the overall tourists’ experience. This paper focuses on mobile applications and their use in destination management and the achievement of overall tourist satisfaction. Special attention is paid to the use of mobile applications in the management of tourism development in Belgrade as well as the impact of mobile applications on tourists’ experience of Belgrade as a tourist destination.

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THE USE OF GEOLOCATION FOR COMPETITION ANALYSIS OF DESTINATIONS: APPLICATION TO THE HOTEL SUPPLY IN BARCELONA

Author(s): Maria D. Illescas Manzano,Sergio Martinez Puertas,Manuel Sanchez Perez / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Geolocalization and the use of geographic information systems (GIS) have become fundamental tools in many disciplines because they can link databases and view the geographic information provided by these databases. Within the hotel context, geolocation and GIS can be used as tools that from a management perspective facilitate the evaluation of the competitive level existing in a tourist destination and from a consumer point of view facilitate their choice. This chapter tries to show the usefulness of geolocation through its application in the evaluation of the hotel supply in Barcelona (Spain).

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FUZZY LOGIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM ANALYSIS

Author(s): Simona Hašková,Jakub Horák / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Qualitative and quantitative approaches to multicriteria evaluation and managerial decision-making often ignore the specifics of the role of the human factor. This article summarizes management methods that reflect not only numerical inputs but also data of a qualitative nature while considering their applicability in the tourism sector. Some of them can be assorted within the classes of Artificial intelligence. The focus is on the fuzzy approach at the theoretical and application level. The fuzzy approach is used to evaluate the degree of country travel and tourism competitiveness of selected European and Asian countries based on subjective rankings from the viewpoint of travelling persons. The results indicate that among countries under review, China is ranked as a highly competitive country in travel & tourism. Conditional competitive countries in terms of travel & tourism are the Czech Republic, Pakistan, Russia, and Turkey.

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EFFECTIVE ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSES IN TOURISM: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AS A TOOL FOR SUCCESS

Author(s): Albena Stefanova,Georgi Zabunov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this chapter is to present an interdisciplinary approach to developing effective academic English courses in tourism. The authors propose to use the synergy of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) theory, Systemic-Structural Activity Theory (SSAT) and selected marketing techniques. Based on an analysis of the specialised literature, it is stated that the engagement of learners is a key factor for effective language learning. The possibilities for using adapted marketing techniques to increase engagement by increasing involvement are discussed in the chapter. The authors propose approaches for defining the target vocabulary and for increasing the motivation for learning based on the theory of ESP and SSAT.

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