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Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Species Associated with Decayed Commonly Eaten Food Sold in ATAPOLY Restaurants Bauchi, Bauchi State

Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Species Associated with Decayed Commonly Eaten Food Sold in ATAPOLY Restaurants Bauchi, Bauchi State

Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Species Associated with Decayed Commonly Eaten Food Sold in ATAPOLY Restaurants Bauchi, Bauchi State

Author(s): Abubakar Shehu,Rahina Muhammad Baba,Ibrahim Muhammad Warji,Buhari Labaran,Bashir Ismail Olawale / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2022

Keywords: isolation; identification; bacteria; biochemical; aseptically;

Isolation and identification of bacterial species associated with decayed, commonly eaten food are paramount to reducing the risk of infection among the populace of the institution. Fifty samples were aseptically collected from the food vendors and subjected to culturing and sub-culturing on nutrient agar. The colonies were then observed for morphological characteristics, followed by biochemical tests and gram staining to ascertain their tentative identity. The results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus (37.2%) has the highest occurrence, followed by Bacillus spp (18.6%), while Clostridium botulinum has a minor event (2.3%). The presence of these organisms could be attributed to the dirty and unkempt behaviour of the food handlers, which in turn will impose serious health hazards to the immediate community and consumers at large. To reduce the risk associated with these organisms, all personal hygiene measures and the materials involved in the cooking procedures should be sterilized and free from any form of organisms before the cooking process.

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Organic Waste Management in the Hospitality Area for the Development and Conservation of Ecotourism in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone, Indonesia: Literature Review

Organic Waste Management in the Hospitality Area for the Development and Conservation of Ecotourism in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone, Indonesia: Literature Review

Organic Waste Management in the Hospitality Area for the Development and Conservation of Ecotourism in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone, Indonesia: Literature Review

Author(s): Iswari Pauzi,Agus Abhi Purwoko / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2022

Keywords: Organic Waste; Hotels; Ecotourism;

The Mandalika Special Economic Zone is included in five super Priority Travel Destinations throughout Indonesia. Mandalika has two main potential tourist attractions: the beauty of white sand and green hills along the coastline that stretches for 7.2 km. The target for Mandalika for Total Hotels & Resorts is 10,000 units, and villas, condominiums, and townhouses are 3800 units which will potentially become a source of waste. The total landfill in Mandalika is 215.7 tonnes/per year. Waste management, including waste reduction and handling in Mandalika, must be of particular concern to area managers, tourism managers, communities, tourists and local governments. Efforts that the Regional Government has made are increasing the number of landfills, garbage collection vehicles and cleaners. In addition, what is no less important is the need to educate the public about cleanliness and training in organic and inorganic waste management. Community involvement around Mandalika will positively impact the local community's economy because the results of waste processing by recycling and composting can be re-sold.

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Simulation of Water Resources Utilization in the Jereweh Watershed, West Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia

Simulation of Water Resources Utilization in the Jereweh Watershed, West Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia

Simulation of Water Resources Utilization in the Jereweh Watershed, West Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia

Author(s): Jalaluddin Jalaluddin,Hartana Hartana,Ery Setiawan / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2022

Keywords: Irrigation Water Availability; Irrigation Water Needs; Water Balance Simulation;

This study aims to simulate using water resources in the Jereweh watershed to meet irrigation water needs. From the calculation results of the analysis of the annual average water availability at the Lang Desa Dam of 0.96 m3 /sec (29.98 mln m3 ), the Tiu Bangkemah Embung of 1.53 m3 /sec (47.60 mln m3 ), and the Murus I Embung of 0.06 m3 /sec (1.79 million m3 ). The optimal allocation of water based on the water balance in the Jereweh watershed system is as follows: cropping pattern MT- I: rice (100%); MT-II: 30% rice + secondary crops (70%); MT-III: beo with a planting intensity of 200%. It was early planting November I, type of secondary crops: corn with reliability > 80%, namely Lang Desa Weir 88%, Tiu Bangkemah Embung 92% and Murus I Dam 92%. The total area served is 650 ha: Lang Desa Dam - 300 ha, the Tiu Bangkemah Embung - 300 ha, Murus I Embung - 50 ha. From the simulation results consists, it is necessary to add water reservoirs (dams) to maximize the performance of existing natural resources facilities in the Jereweh watershed system (there is a deficit of 150 ha). From the results, it can be seen that the value of benefits obtained in the existing condition is Rp. 6,840 bln, while the value of benefits received after the simulation is Rp. 14,82 bln so that the difference in the value of benefits is Rp. 7,98 bln.

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Wind Power Generation in Sudano-Sahelian Region of Nigeria: A Review

Wind Power Generation in Sudano-Sahelian Region of Nigeria: A Review

Wind Power Generation in Sudano-Sahelian Region of Nigeria: A Review

Author(s): Abdulyakin Usman,Tukur Sani Gadanya,Abubakar Lawan Iliyasu / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2022

Keywords: Wind Energy; Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone; Wind Turbine; Modeling; Simulation;

Over a couple of years, the world's energy demand has turned to renewable energy sources due to the menace of global warming, while some African countries still depend on fossil fuels despite their harmful effects. Out of approximately 4 trillion (kWh) of renewable energy that is expected to be generated by the year 2030, wind energy is projected to contribute up to 1.1 trillion (kWh). Wind energy studies will be the centre for future renewable engineering efforts, being one of the most likely economic and affordable alternate energy sources. Furthermore, wind resources analysis has also revealed that the Northern part of Nigeria, which occupies almost all the meteorological locations in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone, possesses enormous potential for harvesting wind energy. This paper involves a systematic review of relevant literature to identify the outcome of various initiatives of researchers at appraising the prospects of electricity production from wind for sustainable development in the region. It was established that the area is blessed with enormous opportunities for harnessing wind for various applications, having possible average wind speeds reaching as high as 8.70 m/s at 10 m above the ground. The region can adequately utilise wind for power generation if the fundamental challenges facing wind energy utilisation are addressed. There is a need to systematically model and simulate the system's feasibility before actual implementation to assist in other managerial and technical decisions. Wind energy integration will immensely contribute to providing lasting solutions to the energy situation in the region and the country at large.

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Impact Assessment on the Technology-Based Extension Projects: A Basis for Designing Sustainable Extension Activities

Impact Assessment on the Technology-Based Extension Projects: A Basis for Designing Sustainable Extension Activities

Impact Assessment on the Technology-Based Extension Projects: A Basis for Designing Sustainable Extension Activities

Author(s): Ruth G. Luciano,Cris Norman Olipas / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2022

Keywords: Community Development; Extension; Impact Assessment; Technology-Based Projects;

This study aimed to conduct an impact assessment on the technology-based extension projects undertaken by the faculty extensionists from the College of Information and Communications Technology to provide a basis for designing sustainable extension activities. Descriptive research was utilized for this study. The researchers employed a survey instrument via Google Form to gather data from the 25 respondents from the city of Cabanatuan, province of Nueva Ecija. Results show that the college caters to a diverse range of beneficiaries. Beneficiary respondents believed that the projects had contributed to their capacity building, computer literacy, and livelihood. Their participation in the extension project made them productive at work and allowed them to develop new knowledge and skills relevant to contributing to community building. The researchers suggest that the results be utilized to design sustainable extension projects, consider partnerships with other higher learning institutions, and conduct regular evaluations and assessments of different extension projects.

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A Convergent-Parallel Analysis on the Technical Assistance Provided by Information Technology Faculty Extensionists: Basis for Training and Extension Activities Plan

A Convergent-Parallel Analysis on the Technical Assistance Provided by Information Technology Faculty Extensionists: Basis for Training and Extension Activities Plan

A Convergent-Parallel Analysis on the Technical Assistance Provided by Information Technology Faculty Extensionists: Basis for Training and Extension Activities Plan

Author(s): Cris Norman Olipas,Ruth G. Luciano,Rosalie B. Sison,Jefrain M. Padre,Marcelino C. Collado Jr.,Racquel L. Pula / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2022

Keywords: Capacity Building; Convergent-Parallel Method; Extension Project; Satisfaction Survey; Technical Assistance;

The study determined the satisfaction of the technical assistance conducted by faculty extensionists from a higher learning institution in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, during the academic year 2021-2022. It employed a mixed-method convergent-parallel method of study. It sought to describe the timeliness, quality of work, professionalism, courtesy, and achievement of the objectives of the technical assistance. Furthermore, it expressed the overall satisfaction of the beneficiaries with the conduct of the technical assistance using a quantitative approach. Qualitatively, using open-ended questions, the researchers analysed the participants’ responses using theme-generation techniques and identified the usefulness and impact of the technical assistance rendered to the employees and organisation. The results generally revealed that the participants were satisfied with the service they received. A significant difference was seen in the level of difficulty experienced. The technical assistance provided has been practical. These participants’ responses served as the basis for designing the college’s training and extension development plan.

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Determination of Heavy Metals and Ascorbic Acids in Some Soft Drinks Sold Within Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria

Determination of Heavy Metals and Ascorbic Acids in Some Soft Drinks Sold Within Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria

Determination of Heavy Metals and Ascorbic Acids in Some Soft Drinks Sold Within Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria

Author(s): Aisha Saleh,Sulaiman U. Abubakar,Solomon Daniel,Zakiyya Rilwan Musa,Warji Muhammad Ibrahim,Zubairu Ibrahim Hamidu,Buhari Labaran,Abbas Muhammad Sani / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2022

Keywords: WHO; Soft Drinks; Ascorbic Acid; Heavy Metals;

Soft drinks are consumed in Nigeria due to their easy availability, distinct taste and ability to quench thirst. However, the high demand can reduce production quality due to possible heavy metal contamination, leading to human poisoning and death. This study evaluated some components of 100 soft drinks in Nigeria and investigated the presence of heavy metal contaminants and ascorbic acid concentrations. The presence of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Manganese, Nickel and Chromium in soft drinks was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; the Ascorbic acid was determined using the titrimetric method. The analysis of the soft drink revealed that Arsenic was present in all the samples in a concentration ranging from 0.017 to 0.33 mg/l; Cadmium - 0.027 to 0.160 mg/l; Lead - 0.046 to 0.109 mg/l; Manganese - 0.036 to 0.116 mg/l; Nickel - 0.002 to 0.110 mg/l; Chromium - 0.057 to 0.122 mg/l. The attention of ascorbic acid ranged between 4.03 to 7.2 mg/100 ml. Compared to WHO standards, the levels of the heavy metal contaminants were above the tolerated limits for good quality drinking water in most samples. Moreover, the ascorbic acid values in this analysis were lower than those the manufacturers reported. Therefore, the National Health Surveillance agency should monitor ascorbic acid. These results suggest that soft drinks in Nigeria may be contaminated with heavy metals, which constitute a significant public health problem. Quality control is recommended during production, especially during sterilization and purification steps.

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Broadcast Media Contents in Shaping Audience Attitude Towards Environmental Sanitation in Nigeria

Broadcast Media Contents in Shaping Audience Attitude Towards Environmental Sanitation in Nigeria

Broadcast Media Contents in Shaping Audience Attitude Towards Environmental Sanitation in Nigeria

Author(s): Egwu Onwu Linus / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2022

Keywords: environmental sanitation; broadcast content; broadcast media; environment;

This study investigated Broadcast Media Content in Shaping Audience Attitudes towards Environmental Sanitation in Nigeria using Makurdi Metropolis as a case study. It sought to determine the effectiveness of environmental sanitation related content in shaping residents' attitudes towards the environment. The study was anchored on the hypodermic needle theory. The survey research method was adopted to elicit information using a questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Findings from the study reveal that residents use broadcast media as their source of information. Results also show that broadcast media produce consent relating to environmental sanitation, and such content shapes residents' habits towards the environment. Hence, the study concludes that broadcast media help shape audience attitudes on ecological sanitation. A considerable percentage of respondents to this study believe that the broadcast media shapes their attitude towards waste disposal and environmental sanitation. Therefore, the study recommends issuing an order by NBC to broadcast stations regarding environmental sanctions, recycling of waste, and government and non-governmental organisations' involvement in ecological sanitation.

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Role of Newspaper in Political Mobilisation in Nigeria

Role of Newspaper in Political Mobilisation in Nigeria

Role of Newspaper in Political Mobilisation in Nigeria

Author(s): Chinaza Faith Patrick / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2022

Keywords: Newspaper; Political Mobilization; Mass Media; Elections;

This study investigated the role of newspapers in political mobilisation in Nigeria using Enugu South as a case study. The author seeks to discover how newspaper publications influence readers’ thoughts and actions regarding political participation. The study is premised on the basic assumptions of the Agenda Setting Theory. A descriptive survey design was adopted to elicit information using a questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Findings from the study reveal that newspaper content can influence locals to participate in politics and elections. Results also show that newspapers publish content related to politics and elections daily, and such publications shape readers’ attitudes regarding politics. Hence, the study concludes that the newspaper is critical in building a sustainable democracy through advocating for political participation. Moreover, a majority of respondents in this study believe that newspapers shape their attitudes toward political participation. Therefore, this study recommends that the government mandate newspaper organisations to present detailed publications regarding elections and politics in the buildup to an election which will help citizens understand their importance and role in electioneering. Political parties should use newspapers for campaign participation in elections rather than the newspapers to propagate their candidate alone, which will help citizens be aware of their importance in the political process.

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Prediction of the Phytochemical Properties of Luffa Cylindrica Seed Oil Using Artificial Neural Network

Prediction of the Phytochemical Properties of Luffa Cylindrica Seed Oil Using Artificial Neural Network

Prediction of the Phytochemical Properties of Luffa Cylindrica Seed Oil Using Artificial Neural Network

Author(s): Udemgba Chinonso Stanley,Amarachi Anyawu Solace,Amaefule Excel Obumneme,Odoemelam Patience Ogechi,Odo Godfrey Ifeanyi,Okam Chukwu Emmanuel,Nnaemeka Nwachuckwu Chukwudi,Sandra Ijeoma Izuchukwu,Iheanacho Eberechi Clement,Ogbonna Chiemezuo Chinedu,Sunday Okechukwu,Moses Chukwuebuka Okwudifele / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks; Luffa cylindrica seed oil; alkyd resin; phytochemicals;

The research used an artificial neural network (ANN) to examine optimum extraction conditions and phytochemical contents of Luffa cylindrica seed oil. The oil yield was predicted using an artificial neural network. The performance of the ANN and response surface methodology models was compared. The optimum extraction yielded 7.567% oil yield, 185.676 mg/l phenol, and 45.087 mg/l terpineol at 75.57 °C extraction temperature, 5.77 h extraction time, and 10.68 g/mol n-hexane concentration, respectively. These data show that the oil output is poor but has a significant phenol and terpenoid content that may be employed in pharmaceutical sectors. The FT-IR analysis of Luffa cylindrica seed oil revealed a high level of unsaturated hydrocarbons and esters, making the oil appropriate for using in the paint industry and creating cosmetics.

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Recover Data about Detected Defects of Underground Metal Elements of Constructions in Amazon Elasticsearch Service

Recover Data about Detected Defects of Underground Metal Elements of Constructions in Amazon Elasticsearch Service

Recover Data about Detected Defects of Underground Metal Elements of Constructions in Amazon Elasticsearch Service

Author(s): Roman Mysiuk,Volodymyr Yuzevych / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: recovering data; search; cloud computing; snapshots; corrosion; defects; underground metal elements of construction;

This paper examines data manipulation in terms of data recovery using cloud computing and search engine. Accidental deletion or problems with the remote service cause information loss. This case has unpredictable consequences, as data must be re-collected. In some cases, this is not possible due to system features. The primary purpose of this work is to offer solutions for received data on detected defects of underground metal structural elements using modern information technologies. The main factors that affect underground metal structural elements' durability are the soil environment's external action and constant maintenance-free use. Defects can usually occur in several places, so control must be carried out along the entire length of the underground network. To avoid the loss of essential data, approaches for recovery using Amazon Web Service and a developed web service based on the REST architecture are considered. The general algorithm of the system is proposed in work to collect and monitor data on defects of underground metal structural elements. The result of the study for the possibility of data recovery using automatic snapshots or backup data duplication for the developed system.

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A Sentiment Analysis Approach on the Acceptance of Radio Frequency Identification Technology-Based Solutions among Schools in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

A Sentiment Analysis Approach on the Acceptance of Radio Frequency Identification Technology-Based Solutions among Schools in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

A Sentiment Analysis Approach on the Acceptance of Radio Frequency Identification Technology-Based Solutions among Schools in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Author(s): Cris Norman Olipas / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: Radio Frequency Identification; Sentiment Analysis; Technology Acceptance; Technology Implementation; Technology Integration;

Integrating new technologies in schools improves different processes and increases trust and confidence from various stakeholders. Advancements in education are a 21st-century goal that every learning institution should consider. This study aims to conduct sentiment analysis on the acceptance of Radio Frequency Identification technology-based solutions among the private and public learning institutions in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, that have implemented the technology. School administrators and teachers participated in the study. Sentiments were analyzed using open-ended questions relating to their acceptance of the technology. Based on the analysis, more favourable terms occurred in their responses than negative words, as presented using a word cloud. The researcher thinks that school administrators and teachers of today are more open to technological progress and integrating technologies into education to improve the quality of processes, improve the delivery of instruction, create a safer and more secure learning environment, and encourage the use of new technologies to raise the quality of teaching and learning.

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The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Core Values in a Learning Institution in the Philippines: A Basis for a Plan of Action

The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Core Values in a Learning Institution in the Philippines: A Basis for a Plan of Action

The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Core Values in a Learning Institution in the Philippines: A Basis for a Plan of Action

Author(s): Cris Norman Olipas / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: Assessment; Attitude; Core Values; Knowledge; Practice;

This study aimed to assess the respondents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding stewardship, empowerment, empathy, discipleship, and solidarity. It provides a concrete discussion as to how the learning institution in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, was able to affect their students and how they internalised these core values. A descriptive research design was used in this study. The respondents comprised 61% male and 39% female students from the junior high, senior high, and college departments. Statistical data analysis technique was used. Results significantly revealed that the student’s knowledge, attitude, and practice in the core values under investigation are highly evident. This means that the learning institution was effective and efficient in conducting activities that integrated these core values so that the students could internalise and practice them through their thoughts, feelings, and actions. The findings suggest that programs and activities must be crafted in the future to ensure that the core values are still effectively integrated for their continuous realisation.

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The Effect of Teacher Performance and Teacher Work Motivation on Student Learning Motivation at Bungoeng Seroja Elementary School Cluster in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

The Effect of Teacher Performance and Teacher Work Motivation on Student Learning Motivation at Bungoeng Seroja Elementary School Cluster in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

The Effect of Teacher Performance and Teacher Work Motivation on Student Learning Motivation at Bungoeng Seroja Elementary School Cluster in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Author(s): Sulisyan Sulisyan,Cut Zahri Harun,Nasir Usman / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: Teacher Performance; Teacher Work Motivation; Student Learning Motivation;

The role of teacher performance and teacher work motivation is vital in students' teaching and learning processes in schools. Good teacher performance and teacher work motivation will foster learning motivation in students. The purpose of this study is to determine the following: 1) Teacher performance, teacher work motivation and student learning motivation at Bungoeng Seroja Elementary School (SD) Cluster in Banda Aceh; 2) The effect of teacher performance on student learning motivation; 3) The effect of teacher work motivation on student learning motivation. This research uses a quantitative approach with an associative type of research. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is a simple linear regression analysis by conducting validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, linearity tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant influence of teacher performance on student learning motivation, and there is a positive and considerable influence of teacher work motivation on student learning motivation.

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Implementation of Teacher Working Group Training Program Using the Blended Learning Model in Cluster 1 Krueng Sabee, Aceh Jaya District, Indonesia

Implementation of Teacher Working Group Training Program Using the Blended Learning Model in Cluster 1 Krueng Sabee, Aceh Jaya District, Indonesia

Implementation of Teacher Working Group Training Program Using the Blended Learning Model in Cluster 1 Krueng Sabee, Aceh Jaya District, Indonesia

Author(s): Mardiana Mardiana,Nasir Usman,Khairuddin Khairuddin / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: Program; Teacher Working Group Training; Blended Learning;

This study aimed to get an overview of the implementation of the KKG training program using the blended learning model in cluster 1 Krueng Sabee, Aceh Jaya Regency. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The research results show that: 1) Using a blended learning model, Teacher Working Group training programs include general, core and supporting schedules. 2)The strategy for implementing the Teacher Working Group training program uses a blended learning model, faceto-face and virtually via zoom meetings. 3) Coaches evaluate the Teacher Working Group training program, heads, PKG heads and school principals. This evaluation is carried out every month to determine the obstacles in implementing educational programs, especially the Teacher Working Group training program. This evaluation is done through questionnaires/instruments, observation or direct interviews. 4) Obstacles in implementing the Teacher Working Group training program are due to lack of funding assistance, lack of enthusiasm and motivation from teachers in developing their abilities, and lack of understanding of some teachers regarding the use of computer technology and the applications used in blended learning models.

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Effectiveness of Internet Accessibility on Academic Activities of Open and Distant Learners in the National Open University of Nigeria

Effectiveness of Internet Accessibility on Academic Activities of Open and Distant Learners in the National Open University of Nigeria

Effectiveness of Internet Accessibility on Academic Activities of Open and Distant Learners in the National Open University of Nigeria

Author(s): Chimezie Prince Ochionuoha / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: Internet accessibility; open and distance Learning; National Open University of Nigeria; distant learners;

This study investigated the effectiveness of internet accessibility on academic activities of open and distant learners of the National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos State. Technological Determinism Theory and Media Dependency Theory provided the framework for the study. A survey method was adopted, and a questionnaire comprising closed-ended and open-ended questions was used to collect data. It used a simple random sampling method in choosing the sample. One hundred twenty copies of the questionnaire were administered to the respondents during the study. Findings from the data analysed show that most students have access to the internet mainly on their mobile phones with self-sponsored mobile data. They face difficulties accessing the internet, which interferes with their academic activities. The study recommended that the National Open University of Nigeria should improve its network service to give the students seamless access to the school's online platforms and provide some offline options for the learners as alternatives to guard against any unexpected failure of the online options. The offline options will also carry along the older and less tech-savvy learners until they adapt to the online school system. The work concluded that poor internet accessibility significantly affects academic activities in open and distance learning. Consequently, access to the internet should be improved.

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Planning in the Implementation of School Operational Assistance in Regular SMPN and SATAP in Praya Barat District, Indonesia

Planning in the Implementation of School Operational Assistance in Regular SMPN and SATAP in Praya Barat District, Indonesia

Planning in the Implementation of School Operational Assistance in Regular SMPN and SATAP in Praya Barat District, Indonesia

Author(s): Sapri Sapri,Sudirman Sudirman,Fahruddin Fahruddin / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: Management; Planning; BOS Funds;

This study aimed to determine how to plan to implement school operational assistance in the school SMPN SATAP, Praya Barat District, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative descriptive, evaluative method with a case study technique. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, interviews, documentation and assessment scale sheets for school principals, treasurers, committees and teachers. The study results found that the budget planning complies with the BOS technical guidance financing standards contained in the School Budget Work Plan (RKAS). The school operational assistance fund is implemented by planning, budgeting, monitoring, and accountability.

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Determination of Gold Nanoparticle Sizes from Their Plasmon Resonance within the Optical Spectrum

Determination of Gold Nanoparticle Sizes from Their Plasmon Resonance within the Optical Spectrum

Determination of Gold Nanoparticle Sizes from Their Plasmon Resonance within the Optical Spectrum

Author(s): John M. Gitonga,Simon W. Mugo,James M. Ngaruiya / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2023

Keywords: Localised surface plasmon resonance; Full width at half maximum; Gold nanoparticles (AuNP); Sodium citrate;

Nanoparticles have exciting properties that can be tailored by altering their size, density and shape. Several essential properties of the nanoparticles have been investigated for various applications. One such property strongly affected by the nanoparticle size is localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The resonance from metal nanoparticles has been used in dye-sensitised solar cells to improve their performance. In this work, the dependence of plasmonic properties on the nanoparticle sizes is shown. The gold nanoparticles were prepared using a reduction process where the hydrogen tetrachloroaurate acid was used as the base gold salt and reduced by sodium citrate composed at different molarity ranging from 0.015 to 0.035 mol/L. The method produces monodispersed nanoparticles whose sizes are sensitive to the concentration of chemicals used and the completeness of the reduction process. The process took approximately 18 minutes, and the colour changed from pale yellow to wine red. The absorbance of resulting gold nanoparticles was determined using a UV Vis spectrophotometer within 300 nm to 800 nm. The LSPR peaks were found to occur within 518 nm to 520 nm, and from a Gaussian fit, the FWHM ranged from 45.5 to 51.0 nm. The absorption peaks had a narrow range of 14 nm over sodium citrate's molarity content. A high molarity concentration of 0.035 mol/L produced a small particle with a diameter of 17 nm, while a low concentration of 0.015 mol/L produced a size of 26 nm. The interaction of electrons in the specific orbitals, sp- and d- of nanoparticles exhibited pronounced multiple resonances with a reduction of nanoparticle sizes.

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At the Threshold between Life and Death. Time of Transience and Transition in John Donne’s Holy Sonnets and First Book of Sonnets by Andreas Gryphius

At the Threshold between Life and Death. Time of Transience and Transition in John Donne’s Holy Sonnets and First Book of Sonnets by Andreas Gryphius

At the Threshold between Life and Death. Time of Transience and Transition in John Donne’s Holy Sonnets and First Book of Sonnets by Andreas Gryphius

Author(s): Milica Mijatović / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: vanitas; transience; meditative poetry; Baroque; John Donne; Andreas Gryphius; sonnet;

The article focuses on a comparison of selected pieces of John Donne’s Holy Sonnets and Andreas Gryphius’ First Book of Sonnets as examples of meditatio mortis. It presents the similarities of form and content between these two cycles, and traces possible inspirations for their creation in the analysis of both poets’ religious pathways, facets of their biography with accentuation of experiences of death and transience, and their interest in spiritual and carnal processes accompanying the last moments of existence.

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Mystery Play on Birth, Life and Death. "Marcolf" by Jan Kasprowicz

Mystery Play on Birth, Life and Death. "Marcolf" by Jan Kasprowicz

Mystery Play on Birth, Life and Death. "Marcolf" by Jan Kasprowicz

Author(s): Anna Podstawka / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Marcolf; Jan Kasprowicz; mystery play; morality play; allegory; Everyman;

The article is devoted to Marchołt [Marcolf] by Jan Kasprowicz, which is an important work for the Polish drama of the first half of the 20th century, and at the same time it is a relatively poorly known work. As the poet’s last and most personal theatrical statement, it is set in the context of his life and work and especially in the framework of his dramatic works. The problem analysis of the work, which considers biographical sources, aims to show that Marchołt grew out of a deep need to grasp the entirety of existential experiences and reflections, and to reveal the essence of the human condition. This is reflected in the structure of the work, subordinated to the dramatic convention of mystery and morality features, with syncretic treatment of the genres of medieval religious theatre that is typical of the Young Poland and the interwar period. The story of the eponymous protagonist, an allegorical Everyman, divided into four scenes, presents the major stages of the human journey from birth to death. The key to reading the “tragicomic mystery play” about Marcolf is to treat it as a synthesis of the author’s worldview changes and dilemmas, an attempt to holistically depict the dramatic antinomies attributed to the existence of the human.

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