Zmiany wymagań syntaktycznych w procesach gramatykalizacji i postgramatykalizacji przyimków wyłączających
Shifts of syntactic dependency in the grammaticalization and post-grammaticalization of exception prepositions

Summary/Abstract: The article deals with the origin and development of the so-called prepositions of exception in the Polish language, against the Slavic background and from a dynamic perspective. The authors focus on grammaticalization and post-grammaticalization processes, the result of which are primary as well secondary prepositions such as bez– przez ‘without’, oprócz ‘apart from’, poza ‘except for’, the outdated kromia, and wyjąwszy, z wyjątkiem ‘except’ etc.. Most of them are units derived from nouns, adjectives or verbs, though oprócz and poza are items originated from other prepositions – prócz and po + za, respectively. Changes like these lead to the rise of new categorial features of the prepositions: they take new contents and begin to migrate to “higher” (non-objective) layers of language, and finally transform into the so-called contextualizators. There are a few signs of this kind of recategorization: syntactic changes, at least within a type of the right-slot argument and contextual generalization, phonological reduction (cf. proče > proč, kromia > krom), as well as the loss of syntactic properties characteristic of the original forms. However, they still maintain (inherit) the government features of their sources, cf. krom + gen, wyjąć + acc > wyjąwszy + acc.

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