POJAM KRIVICE KOD KAFKE I DOSTOJEVSKOG
THE CONCEPT OF GUILT IN KAFKA AND DOSTOJEVSKI

Summary/Abstract: The introductory section discusses the concept of guilt in the context of contemporary political theory. It is established that the subjects of policy on the eve of the 21st century have become powerful countries and international institutions, "groups" and not individuals. Guilt of nations and other collective identities have been replaced the concept of individual guilt based on morality and the principles of liberal rule of law. Individal freedom, individual responsibility and individual guilt that can be «atone» again needed in a modern democratic discourse and they may find deeply rooted in literature and social thought of Dostoyevsky and Franz Kafka. The second part presents the concept of guilt, as well as social theory of Dostoevsky based on the principles of Christian Orthodox collectivity. It is established that guilt – is guilt of the individual, sin in the Christian sense. So, a just society called christian socialism is based on personal repentance, admission of guilt and personal transformation. Finally, the understanding of guilt in the context of literary works of Franz Kafka is presented. His understanding of guilt is essentially autobiographical and psychoanalytic, based on a negative experience with his father. Guilt is his formula for survival and bare existence. However, his work goes beyond the maze of biographical experience. For, although his heroes roam the endless maze of their struggle, they reveals the value of authentic human personality. Although hopeless, they unconsciously rising against totalitarianism which still has the same metodology, such as guilt and shame.

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