Бездомността като жилищен проблем
Homelessness as a Housing Problem

Summary/Abstract: As a relatively new social phenomenon homelessness in Bulgaria has been manifesting itself in a situation of economic crisis and an all-embracing social reform. The article gives some general information on the existent national housing fund. The basic factors for the current housing crisis and homelessness as well as for the housing policy of the stale during the last 30-40 years are pointed out — the intensive migration to the cities, the nuclearization of the family, the unstableness of matrimony. The requirements for better housing conditions, the restructurization of social space, the restrictions imposed by the state on private initiative in construction, etc. The social transformations which followed the 1989 velvet revolutions brought about a new escalation of the housing problem — a new wave of migration to the cities took place, many urban realties were restituted, the contingent of living units owned by the state and by the municipalities was sharply decreased. A number of characteristics are explicated in the article as a focus of the study of the different types of homelessness (actual, potential and voluntary): the ownership of a living unit and the type of the living unit inhabited; the presence of serious housing problems; the status of the living unit inhabited (legal — illegal, secure —insecure, permanent — temporary); the existence of possibilities for changing one's living unit; the objective characteristics of the living unit inhabited (overpopulation, lack of independence, ownership; the comfortableness, equipment and mode of construction of the living unit); the general property status; the place of abode, etc.

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