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CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY Cover Image

PROVOCĂRI ŞI STRATEGII ÎN ORDINEA ŞI SIGURANŢA PUBLICĂ
CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY

Contributor(s): Vasile Muscalu (Editor), Gheorghe Iovan (Editor), Ameluța Vișan (Editor), Monica Balaban (Illustrator)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Education, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, History of Law, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Civil Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Law and Transitional Justice, Political Theory, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Public Law, Labor relations, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and law, Politics and society, Law on Economics, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption, Peace and Conflict Studies, Maritime Law, Court case, Comparative Law, Administrative Law, Labour and Social Security Law
Published by: Editura Universitară
Keywords: law; safety; strategies; politics; police; legislation; justice; internal affairs; public law; private law; social; science; security; law enforcement; human rights; investigation; international legislation; criminal law; defense;
Summary/Abstract: Conferința științifică internațională a Academiei de Poliție International Scientific Conference of Police Academy ,,Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Bucharest

Series: PROVOCĂRI ŞI STRATEGII ÎN ORDINEA ŞI SIGURANŢA PUBLICĂ EDIȚIA A-IX-A

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-606-28-1615-5
  • Page Count: 239
  • Publication Year: 2023
  • Language: English, Romanian, French
CONȘTIENTIZAREA ȘI NECESITATEA ASIGURĂRII UNUI MANAGEMENT INTEGRATAL EVENIMENTELOR CBRN

CONȘTIENTIZAREA ȘI NECESITATEA ASIGURĂRII UNUI MANAGEMENT INTEGRATAL EVENIMENTELOR CBRN
(AWARENESS AND NEED ENSURING INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CBRN INCIDENTS)

  • Author(s):Viorel Velişcu, Claudia Bratu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Environmental Geography, International Law, Political Theory, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Public Law, Political behavior, Politics and law, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics
  • Page Range:9-19
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:biological; radiological; nuclear; substances; NATO; CBRN;
  • Summary/Abstract:It is well known that weapons of mass destruction and the possibility of using chemical, biological, radiological/nuclear substances called CBRN are a risk of the century we live in and a threat that some state and even non-state actors are very interested to bring to the attention of international public opinion. The effects of these substances have a particular impact on environmental factors (for example, air, water, soil) and consequently on the health of the population or, as the case may be, the military actors involved. Of particular interest to specialists in the field are, on the one hand, the possibility of obtaining or, where appropriate, developing devices to determine CBRN contamination and, on the other hand, response mechanisms to ensure credible protection of those who may be affected.The issue of CBRN protection, as defined according to the NATO Crisis Response Manual, conjunction with the requirements for resilience - the initial requirements through civil emergency response measures - including the preparedness and protection of the civilian population, critical infrastructure and vital resources against CBRN threats must be elements of national interest
MANAGEMENTUL SERVICIILOR PUBLICE DE EVIDENȚĂ A PERSOANELOR ÎN SISTEMUL ROMÂNESC

MANAGEMENTUL SERVICIILOR PUBLICE DE EVIDENȚĂ A PERSOANELOR ÎN SISTEMUL ROMÂNESC
(THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICES FOR RECORDS OF PERSONS IN THE ROMANIAN SYSTEM)

  • Author(s):Gudană Vrabie Tincuța
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Public Administration, Public Law, EU-Legislation, Administrative Law
  • Page Range:20-27
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:public administration, public services; records of persons; management;
  • Summary/Abstract:The state, through public authorities and institutions, must be concerned with knowing and keeping records of its inhabitants. The adaptation of the public administration to the evolution of the Romanian society determined measures that were realized through changes and transformations, also in the field of personal records. European influences determined the militarized system of records of persons to impose the acceleration of the establishment of public services of records of persons at the level of the public administration, which transformed the management of these entities. Between the two systems, administrative and internal (personal records), the central place was occupied by the citizen, the only beneficiary of the reorganization of the activity of the personal records services and who managed to impose his ideas in front of the authorities and public institutions, regarding the way of exercising the duties in the field of records of persons. The management practiced at the level of public services in the field of personal records has demonstrated the effective merging of two different systems (administrative and military), supported by the political one for the benefit of citizens.
PARTICULARITĂȚILE APLICĂRII TEHNICII POLIGRAF LA ASIGURAREA ORDINII ȘI SIGURANȚEI PUBLICE

PARTICULARITĂȚILE APLICĂRII TEHNICII POLIGRAF LA ASIGURAREA ORDINII ȘI SIGURANȚEI PUBLICE
(THE PARTICULARS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE POLYGRAPH TECHNIQUE TO ENSURE PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY)

  • Author(s):Andrei Lungu, Iurie Odagiu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Psychology, Criminal Law, Public Law, Communication studies, Sociology, Court case, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:28-34
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:polygraph; lie detection; stages of polygraph testing; application of polygraph to criminal investigation;
  • Summary/Abstract:In this article we propose to analyze and evaluate some aspects related to the use of the polygraph technique in the process of ensuring public order and security. Attention will be given to the professional skills and competencies of a polygraph examiner, as well as the need to know the special procedures that may be applied during a polygraph test. We will focus on the need to use memorial traces from a forensic point of view. We will focus on the method and methodology of conducting a polygraph test and provide recommendations for further research in the field of polygraph application.
PERSONALITATEA JURIDICĂ A UNIUNII EUROPENE

PERSONALITATEA JURIDICĂ A UNIUNII EUROPENE
(LEGAL PERSONALITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION)

  • Author(s):Gabriel Micu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Governance, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:35-43
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:the state; international organization; European Union; sovereign attributes; competences;
  • Summary/Abstract:The European Union, as it was presented before Lisbon, represents much more than what constitutes a subject of classic domestic and international law, being an association of states, which was endowed with powers with legal effects in the domestic law of the states. The competences with which the European Union was invested by the member states, in order to encompass an increasingly wider sphere of European integration, have the implementation of the EU acquis. and have the effect of including certain legal instruments of the E.U. in national legislation, thus becoming a subject of domestic law. The analysis presented in this article aims to clarify certain aspects related to the legal personality of the European Union, viewed as an international organization with a sui generis internal organization.
APLICAREA LEGISLAȚIEI UE ÎN MATERIE DE AFACERI INTERNE ÎN ROMÂNIA

APLICAREA LEGISLAȚIEI UE ÎN MATERIE DE AFACERI INTERNE ÎN ROMÂNIA
(APPLICATION OF EU LEGISLATION ON HOME AFFAIRS IN ROMANIA)

  • Author(s):Melania Păușan
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Constitutional Law, International Law, Political Theory, Political Sciences, Governance, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:44-52
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:European; fundamental rights and freedom; challenge; Artificial Intelligence;
  • Summary/Abstract:As an EU member, Romania must applies the rules of the Union in all areas covered by it, including home affairs, in order to provide Romanian citizens and European citizens with the assurance of fundamental rights and freedoms. This paper aims to address Romania’s obligation to apply EU law in the police field from two perspectives: The advantages of a uniform framework for the application of regulations on this subject, but also the challenges resulting from the need to include them at national level. As a novelty element and with the conviction that the academic environment is a good one for debates, I intend to integrate in the proposed paper information obtained from the dialog conducted through artificial intelligence in the form of ChatGPT, As a result of the controversies raised in the academic world and to identify whether artificial intelligence of this type can formulate pertinent arguments regarding the application of EU home affairs legislation in Romania.
SISTEMUL DE LECȚII ÎNVĂȚATE LA NIVELUL ALIANȚEI NORD-ATLANTICE

SISTEMUL DE LECȚII ÎNVĂȚATE LA NIVELUL ALIANȚEI NORD-ATLANTICE
(NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE LESSONS LEARNED SYSTEM)

  • Author(s):Stefan Săvulescu, Ivan Lucian
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Political Theory, Political Sciences, Governance, EU-Legislation, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:53-61
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:lessons learned; management; procedures; data collection; analysis;
  • Summary/Abstract:Through the system of lessons identified, those features can be identified that have the potential to make the work of security organisations more effective. In this context, a viable lessons learned system has been adapted and implemented at NATO level and has become a fundamental strategic component of the management system responsible for organisational development. The implementation of the Lessons Learned System at the level of the Ministry of Internal Affairs arose also from the need to have a mechanism that would allow the transfer of knowledge in an efficient and rapid way to all staff, against the background of a particular staff dynamic, the model being mainly the one adopted at NATO level that has proven successful over time. The lessons learnt system at Ministry of Internal Affairs level has been institutionally adapted from the one developed at NATO level, which was previously taken over also by the Ministry of National Defence. Lessons learned implemented on the basis of the NATO model are of value through their use in: the planning of actions carried out by military organisations and those responsible for maintaining, ensuring and restoring public order; ensuring interoperability between the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of National Defence; the development of operational, procedural and technical standards; the field of logistical procurement; the field of education.
MULTICULTURALISM ȘI DIVERSITATE ÎN MISIUNILE DE MENȚINERE A PĂCII SUB EGIDA ONU

MULTICULTURALISM ȘI DIVERSITATE ÎN MISIUNILE DE MENȚINERE A PĂCII SUB EGIDA ONU
(CULTURAL AWARENESS AND DIVERSITY IN THE UN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS)

  • Author(s):Petru Țarcă
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Labor relations, International relations/trade, Security and defense, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:62-68
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:United Nations; peacekeeping operations; cultural awareness; multiculturalism; diversity;
  • Summary/Abstract:Created in 1945 primarily for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security, the United Nations (UN) plays a vital role in restoring and maintaining peace and stability in countries still affected by conflicts or large-scale crisis. This is achieved through peacekeeping missions and operations, which have constantly evolved and developed. Thus, there has been a gradual shift from the simpler, traditional missions and operations carried out in the spirit of Chapter VI of the UN Charter on the peaceful settlement of disputes, without any military objective or task, to today's multidimensional missions, which have to manage much more complex crisis situations. The United Nations is committed to promote cultural awareness and diversity in all its peacekeeping operations. In recent years, the United Nations has taken significant steps to improve the cultural awareness and sensitivity of its peacekeepers. This includes providing training on cultural competency and cross-cultural communication, as well as developing policies and guidelines that consider the unique needs of each mission. The UN perspective is that peacekeeping operations are often conducted in cultures very different from those of the peacekeepers themselves. As such, it is important for peacekeepers to be aware of the local culture and customs. By taking steps to promote cultural awareness and diversity, the UN is working to increase the efficiency of its peacekeeping forces.
NU ESTE DELOC „CĂLCÂIUL LUI AHILE” INTRAREA ÎN VIGOARE A LEGII NR. 367/2022 PRIVIND DIALOGUL SOCIAL ÎN DETERMINAREA COMPETENȚEI MATERIALE ÎN SOLUȚIONAREA CONFLICTELOR INDIVIDUALE DE MUNCĂ. ARGUMENT PENTRU O PRACTICĂ JUDICIARĂ UNITARĂ

NU ESTE DELOC „CĂLCÂIUL LUI AHILE” INTRAREA ÎN VIGOARE A LEGII NR. 367/2022 PRIVIND DIALOGUL SOCIAL ÎN DETERMINAREA COMPETENȚEI MATERIALE ÎN SOLUȚIONAREA CONFLICTELOR INDIVIDUALE DE MUNCĂ. ARGUMENT PENTRU O PRACTICĂ JUDICIARĂ UNITARĂ
(IT IS NOT AT ALL THE "ACHILLES' HEEL" ENTRY INTO FORCE OF LAW NO. 367/2022 REGARDING THE SOCIAL DIALOGUE IN DETERMINATION OF SUBSTANTIAL JURISDICTION IN SETTLEMENT INDIVIDUAL LABOR CONFLICTS. ARGUMENT FOR A UNIFORM JUDICIAL PRACTICE)

  • Author(s):Verginel Lozneanu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Law and Transitional Justice
  • Page Range:69-71
  • No. of Pages:3
  • Keywords:material competence; individual; labor conflicts; labor jurisdiction; trial in the first instance;
  • Summary/Abstract:The present study aims to argue solutions in determining the material competence of the courts in the resolution of individual labor conflicts after the entry into force of Law no. 367/2022 on social dialogue. From our point of view, too rigid opinions have been expressed in the legal literature and the judicial practice is already non-unitary.
PERIMAREA CERERII DE CHEMARE ÎN JUDECATĂ ȘI ÎNTRERUPEREA PRESCRIPȚIEI EXTINCTIVE PRIN FORMULARE UNEI NOI CERERI DE CHEMARE ÎN JUDECATĂ

PERIMAREA CERERII DE CHEMARE ÎN JUDECATĂ ȘI ÎNTRERUPEREA PRESCRIPȚIEI EXTINCTIVE PRIN FORMULARE UNEI NOI CERERI DE CHEMARE ÎN JUDECATĂ
(THE EXPIRATION OF SUMMONS AND THE INTERRUPTION OF EXTINCTIVE PRESCRIPTION BY DRAFTING A NEW SUMMONS REQUEST)

  • Author(s):Marius-Constantin Neagu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:72-78
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:obsolescence; prescription; public procurement; contractual civil liability; case law;
  • Summary/Abstract:Public safety represents a strong challenge for the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs involved in preventing threats and in removing their effects. One of the main action plans is that of public procurement, which, following the completion of the specific procedures, results in the conclusion of administrative contracts between contracting authorities and different economic operators. It has not often happened that, in the execution of administrative contracts, economic operators fail to fulfill their contracted obligations or perform them improperly, requiring the intervention of the court in order to resolve the differences. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conditions under which the application for a summons operates, as well as to interrupt the limitation of the material right to action by formulating a new request for a summons, in the event that the original application becomes obsolete. The research of the relevant doctrine and jurisprudence will be addressed in this paper first in order to avoid procedural sanctions, and secondly in proposing solutions for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of contracting authorities, respectively the protection of their budgets, regardless of the source of funding. Finally, a legal error identified in practice will be presented, as well as the legislative solution to avoid it, by reference to the two law institutions mentioned above.
Infracţiunea de separatism în legislaţia penală a Republicii Moldova – premisele incriminării şi caracterizarea elementelor constitutive

Infracţiunea de separatism în legislaţia penală a Republicii Moldova – premisele incriminării şi caracterizarea elementelor constitutive
(The crime of separatism in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Moldova - the premises of criminalization and the characterization of the constitutive elements)

  • Author(s):Radion Cojocaru
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Labor relations, Penal Policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:79-88
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:criminal offence; criminal liability; criminal penalty; secession; separatism; constituent elements
  • Summary/Abstract:Separatism represents one of the most complex problems faced by the young countries that appeared on the world map after the collapse of the USSR, creating serious impediments to their development as independent and sovereign states. The establishment of criminal liability for the crime of separatism in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Moldova has generated multiple discussions and contradictory reactions on a national and international level. In this work, the author approaches separatism from the perspective of the science of criminal law by highlighting the socio-political premises that substantiated the necessity of the legislator’s intervention in the sense of criminalizing the phenomenon in the criminal law. At the same time, the constitutive elements of the crime of separatism are characterized through the interpretation of the incriminating headquarters located in art. 3401 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, indispensable condition for a good understanding and application of the rule in strict accordance with the legality of the crime.
Procesul de deeplearning al aplicațiilor cu inteligență artificială

Procesul de deeplearning al aplicațiilor cu inteligență artificială
(The deeplearning process of artificial intelligence applications)

  • Author(s):Sorin-Constantin Lică, Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Library and Information Science, Criminal Law, Public Law, Security and defense, Politics and law, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:89-93
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:deeplearning; deepfake; deepnude; apps; artificial intelligence; browser;
  • Summary/Abstract:Deeplearning is a branch of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on training deep neural networks to learn and make decisions or make predictions. This technology is inspired by the structure and function of the human brain.Deeplearning models are made up of several layers of interconnected artificial neurons, called artificial neural networks. Each layer takes the output from the previous layer, processes it and sends it to the next layer. Layers close to the input are responsible for extracting lower-level features, while deeper layers learn higher-level representations or abstractions.One of the main advantages of deeplearning is its ability to automatically learn relevant features or representations from raw data, eliminating the need for manual engineering. This allows deeplearning models to excel in tasks such as image and speech recognition, natural language processing, recommender systems, and more.Training deeplearning models typically involves providing a large set of labeled data and using an algorithm called backpropagation to adjust connection weights between neurons, minimizing the difference between predicted and actual outputs. This process is computationally intensive and often requires significant computational resources such as specialized hardware (e.g., GPUs) or distributed computing systems.
Strategii de prevenire și combatere a criminalității organizate din perspectiva falsificării de monedă

Strategii de prevenire și combatere a criminalității organizate din perspectiva falsificării de monedă
(Strategies to prevent and combat organized crime from the perspective of counterfeiting currency)

  • Author(s):Eduard Constantin
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Public Law, Labor relations, Security and defense, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:94-104
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:organized crime; currency counterfeiting; strategies; socta; empact;
  • Summary/Abstract:Organized crime is a dynamic, cross-border, criminal phenomenon that requires the periodic development of strategies adapted to new trends to prevent and combat it. In this sense, the criminogenic factors, the methods and ways of committing the purpose crimes, the relevant legislation in force, the competence and performance of institutions specialized in combating crime, but also of social reaction to organized crime, must be taken into account.At the european level, the EU Strategy to combat organized crime 2021-2025 is applicable, being the first unitary strategy dedicated to organized crime; this derives from the EU Security Union Strategy. In Romania, the seat of the matter is Law no. 39/2003, national strategies and specific, multi-annual action plans being developed.Currency counterfeiting, as a manifestation of organized crime, is part of the scope of strategies of this type, which include a series of measures and actions to prevent and combat such a criminal phenomenon, which seriously affects the economy, the financial system of the European Union and the member states, but also the patrimony of the natural or legal person injured by receiving counterfeit currency.The SOCTA 2021 assessment by Europol mentions currency counterfeiting as the main area of activity of organized crime networks, being classified as a priority threat under the European Multidisciplinary Platform against Criminal Threats 2022-2025 (EMPACT 2022).
DELINCVENȚA JUVENILĂ ȘI REGIMUL MĂSURILOR EDUCATIVE NEPRIVATIVE DE LIBERTATE

DELINCVENȚA JUVENILĂ ȘI REGIMUL MĂSURILOR EDUCATIVE NEPRIVATIVE DE LIBERTATE
(JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND THE REGIME OF NON-CUSTOM EDUCATIONAL MEASURES)

  • Author(s):Emanuela Denisa Dinu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:105-110
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:juvenile delinquency; minor; non-custodial measures; the new Criminal Code; criminal law;
  • Summary/Abstract:The author examines the juvenile delinquency, the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. This explanation is accompanied by a thorugh analysis of the non-custodial measures which are regulated by article 115 of the New Criminal Code.Each measure is presented closely in order to have a better understanding of the role they have and the effects they direct on the minor.
ASPECTE DE DREPT COMPARAT PRIVIND INFRACȚIUNEA DE VIOL

ASPECTE DE DREPT COMPARAT PRIVIND INFRACȚIUNEA DE VIOL
(COMPARATIVE LAW ASPECTS REGARDING THE CRIME OF RAPE)

  • Author(s):Emanuela Denisa Dinu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Comparative politics, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case, Comparative Law
  • Page Range:111-117
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:rape; ferenda law; the New Criminal Code; article 218; comparative law; CEDO;
  • Summary/Abstract:The author analyses the legal content of the crime of rape, regulated by article 218 of the New Criminal Code, while an exam compared with other states and their law towards this matter.On this occasion, the author also presents some critical opinion and suggestions with a view on improving the society and the law itself.
ASPECTE GENERALE REFERITOARE LA INFRACȚIUNILE CONTRA VIEȚII PERSOANEI

ASPECTE GENERALE REFERITOARE LA INFRACȚIUNILE CONTRA VIEȚII PERSOANEI
(GENERAL ASPECTS RELATING TO CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL LIFE)

  • Author(s):Emanuela Denisa Dinu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Comparative politics, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Comparative Law
  • Page Range:118-123
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:crimes against life; murder; victims; the French Criminal Code; the Russian Criminal Code;
  • Summary/Abstract:The author examines general aspects regarding the crimes against life, aspects that are outlined by statistics and studies over the years. On this ocassion, the evolution of the Romanian Criminal Code is highlighted and compared to other states, such as France and Russia. The purpose of this study is to understand the importance of penal provisions in preserving the lives
Utilizarea darkweb-ului cu ajutorul aplicațiilor cu inteligență artificială pentru savărșirea faptelor de natură penală

Utilizarea darkweb-ului cu ajutorul aplicațiilor cu inteligență artificială pentru savărșirea faptelor de natură penală
(Using the dark web with the help of artificial intelligence applications to commit criminal acts)

  • Author(s):Sorin-Constantin Lică, Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN, Daniela-Denisa Oiță
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Education, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Security and defense, Penal Policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:124-130
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:darkweb; deepweb; apps; artificial intelligence; browser;
  • Summary/Abstract:Using the darkweb can be challenging for inexperienced users, as this network is often associated with illegal and dangerous activities. However, there are a number of artificial intelligence apps that can help users navigate the darkweb safely and find important information. These applications use advanced data analysis and natural language processing techniques to identify trusted websites and resources and assess the risks associated with their use. The use of the dark web for criminal purposes is associated with illegal activities such as drug sales, human trafficking, money laundering and others. Artificial intelligence applications can provide advanced tools and technologies to facilitate these activities, providing anonymity and security to users.
PEDEAPSA ŞI OPINIA PUBLICĂ – CONSIDERAŢII CRIMINOLOGICE

PEDEAPSA ŞI OPINIA PUBLICĂ – CONSIDERAŢII CRIMINOLOGICE
(PUNISHMENT AND PUBLIC OPINION - CRIMINOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS)

  • Author(s):Alexandru Florin Măgureanu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Penal Policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:131-141
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:punishment; society's perception of punishment; criminology; criminal law;
  • Summary/Abstract:Punishment has undergone fundamental transformations over time, probably more so than any other institution of criminal law. Many of the changes in society call into question some characteristics of punishment and even seem to require a rethinking of the entire sanctioning system. The way society reacts to the application of punishments has also gone through important transformations. Even if by law the public reaction does not have an immediate impact on the punishment, the legislator takes this aspect into account, with some limits imposed by the international regulations on human rights, but also by the specifics of criminal law, at least in terms of future legislative changes.
Metode de contrafacere şi de falsificare a bancnotelor

Metode de contrafacere şi de falsificare a bancnotelor
(Methods of counterfeiting and falsification of banknotes)

  • Author(s):Roxana MANEA (ALEXANDRU)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Public Law, Security and defense, Politics and law, Politics and society, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case
  • Page Range:142-146
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:method; counterfeiting; counterfeiting; banknote; value;
  • Summary/Abstract:Counterfeiting is the intervention made on an authentic banknote to change its name (increase invalue). Counterfeiting is a complex activity in which the appropriate technical means are used to helpimitate the original banknote, until authenticity emerges. Given the methods of counterfeiting, it turns outthat only the banknote can be counterfeited, the currency can only be counterfeited.
UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND PROCEDURA RELUĂRII URMĂRIRII PENALE ÎN CAZUL CONTINUĂRII URMĂRIRII PENALE LA CEREREA SUSPECTULUI SAU A INCULPATULUI

UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND PROCEDURA RELUĂRII URMĂRIRII PENALE ÎN CAZUL CONTINUĂRII URMĂRIRII PENALE LA CEREREA SUSPECTULUI SAU A INCULPATULUI
(SOME ASPECTS REGARDING THE PROCEDURE FOR RESUMING THE CRIMINAL PROSECUTION IN THE CASE OF CONTINUING THE CRIMINAL PROSECUTION AT THE REQUEST OF THE SUSPECT OR THE DEFENDANT)

  • Author(s):Gina Negruț
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Penal Policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:147-150
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:the suspect; the defendant; resumption of criminal prosecution; reopening of criminal prosecution; continuation of criminal prosecution;
  • Summary/Abstract:The need to harmonize the provisions that regulate the institution of the resumption of criminal prosecution was a priority for the legislator, as a result of the fact that in the context of the new amendments to the provisions of Law no. 135/2010 on the Code of Criminal Procedure was stipulated as a phase of the criminal process the preliminary chamber, through which the legislator sought to respond to the requirements of legality, speed and fairness of the criminal process and to create a modern legislative framework, through which it can establish whether the procedure during the criminal prosecution was legal, so that the judgment on the merits can then be proceeded with, so as to eliminate the excessive duration of the proceedings in the trial phase. It thus became obvious that the emergence of this new phase of the criminal process determined the emergence of new institutions of criminal procedural law regulated by the legislator, so that they could respond to all aspects that arise during the course of the criminal processes in different criminal cases brought to trial, although in judicial practice in criminal procedural matters, different opinions appear relative to the interpretation and application of the rules of criminal procedural law, which are then analyzed and communicated by means of Minutes of the meeting of the prosecutors, in order to standardize the interpretation and application of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
Lupta împotriva terorismului în contextul internațional: fond și reguli procedurale. Studii de caz

Lupta împotriva terorismului în contextul internațional: fond și reguli procedurale. Studii de caz
(Fight against terrorism in the national context: substance and procedural rules. Case studies)

  • Author(s):George Gabriel Nistorescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Civil Society, Governance, Public Law, Security and defense, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:151-161
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:terrorism; judicial cooperation; legislation; criminal law; constitution; procedures;
  • Summary/Abstract:The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States and generated a significant increase in legislation on the fight against terrorism at national and European level. Given the seriousness of these offences, judicial cooperation between States is indispensable. In this context, both substantial and procedural instruments are taken into account to provide the necessary measures to prevent and combat terrorism. These include the European Arrest Warrant within the European Union. However, there are two major risks associated with this supposed fight against terrorism. These include the European Arrest Warrant within the European Union. However, there are two major risks associated with this supposed fight against terrorism. The first risk is the creation of a so-called „criminal security law” that could undermine the legal safeguards and fundamental rights of individuals. The second risk is the questionable violation of human rights by some of these procedural measures. In the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters, judicial cooperation between Member States focuses mainly on the nature and characteristics of terrorism, an offence that does not respect territorial boundaries at all. The „criminal security law”, in the context of the war in Ukraine, has become, more than ever, a subject of great topicality.We will examine the provisions proposed by the draft EU Constitution on the material and procedural instruments used in the fight against terrorism in the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters. In this context, we believe that it is crucial to adopt alternative instruments that protect citizens' civil liberties and human rights. Only in this way will fair and equitable judicial cooperation between the various Member States be possible.
APLICABILITATEA DREPTULUI INTERNAȚIONAL UMANITAR ÎN CAZUL GRUPULUI WAGNER

APLICABILITATEA DREPTULUI INTERNAȚIONAL UMANITAR ÎN CAZUL GRUPULUI WAGNER
(THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW IN THE CASE OF THE WAGNER GROUP)

  • Author(s):Maria Alicia Nistorescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Governance, Public Law, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Comparative Law
  • Page Range:162-171
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Wagner Group; rights; humanitarian; law; civilians; military;
  • Summary/Abstract:The war in Ukraine has raised the issue of the Wagner Group with regard to humanitarian law. Under humanitarian law, members of the Wagner Group should protect and respect the rights of civilians and others who do not participate in the fight, provide medical aid and respect the rights of prisoners of war. Also, members of the group should not commit war crimes, such as the murder and torture of civilians or prisoners of war.If members of the Wagner Group violate the rules of humanitarian law, they can be held criminally liable and tried in accordance with international law. Also, states that engage members of the Wagner Group in the conflict in Ukraine can be held responsible for violations of human rights and humanitarian law.Members of the Wagner Group involved in the conflict in Ukraine should abide by the rules of humanitarian law and provide protection to civilians and others who do not participate in the fight. Violations of these rules may lead to criminal liability actions and trials in accordance with international law.
COLIZIUNI ȘI LACUNE PROCESUALE PENALE ȘI CRIMINALISTICE PRIVIND EXAMINAREA CADAVRULUI CONFORM LEGISLAȚIEI REPUBLICII MOLDOVA

COLIZIUNI ȘI LACUNE PROCESUALE PENALE ȘI CRIMINALISTICE PRIVIND EXAMINAREA CADAVRULUI CONFORM LEGISLAȚIEI REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
(COLLISIONS AND CRIMINAL AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE GAPS REGARDING THE EXAMINATION OF THE CORPSES ACCORDING TO THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA)

  • Author(s):Dinu Ostavciuc, Constantin Rusnac
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Public Law, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Penal Policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Comparative Law
  • Page Range:172-183
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:examination; human body; forensics; criminal prosecution; collision; error;
  • Summary/Abstract:The scientific article investigates from a tactical-criminalistics and criminal procedural point of view the activity of examining the human corpse, arguing the involvement of different sciences, which, in its essence, form a whole, concerning the process of examining the corpse at the place of its discovery or finding. Through the prism of judicial practice, the authors reveal the collisions, legislative loopholes and tactical-procedural errors that affect this action. Similarly, the study involves the authors' opinion on the extra-procedural activity of transporting the human body from the place of discovery to the forensic institution.In the process of developing the article, the author was guided by a system of scientific research methods, namely: the systemic method, the method of deduction and induction, the method of analysis, the comparative method and many others. The theoretical-legal basis of the scientific article includes the normative regulations of the criminal procedural and forensic doctrine in the field of body examination.In the end, the authors conclude that the examination of the human corpse is of great importance in the economy of crime investigation, an activity that can be performed not only within the on-site investigation, but also within other procedural actions, implicitly as an independent procedural action. In this sense, in order to avoid ambiguous interpretations and increase the activity of the criminal investigation body, I propose to amend and complete the criminal procedural legislation, in the same, it elaborates tactical forensic recommendations.
REALITATI PRIVIND CRIMINALITATEA ORGANIZATA

REALITATI PRIVIND CRIMINALITATEA ORGANIZATA
(FACTS REGARDING ORGANIZED CRIME)

  • Author(s):Carmen Silvia Paraschiv
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case
  • Page Range:184-188
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:organized crime; society; violence; victims; authorities; European Union;
  • Summary/Abstract:Organized crime is the panacea that history has faced since ancient times. Without a trace of denial, we can affirm that this scourge, organized crime, represents in itself a phenomenon that is identified in its formation with the appearance and consolidation of the first human communities, a situation that perpetuates itself until the moment T0 - the one that is identified, in essence, with the emergence of the modern society, developed and based on democracy. We are not wrong if we affirm that it, crime, represents in itself the content of a dark, dark, mysterious and unknown world that grew in content and manifestation, in the midst of people, together with them and whose traces and consequences can only be detected with the help of victims who have fallen prey to it, or who have allowed themselves to be caught in the nets of the dark phenomenon. The phenomenon of organized crime is a permanent threat to citizens, institutions and the economy, and the law enforcement authorities of the member states of the European Union collaborate both with each other and with the other states outside the European Union to combat this serious and organized scourge.
REINTEGRAREA SOCIALĂ A GRUPURILOR VULNERABILE DE INFRACTORI: MINORII ȘI DELINCVENȚII MINORI

REINTEGRAREA SOCIALĂ A GRUPURILOR VULNERABILE DE INFRACTORI: MINORII ȘI DELINCVENȚII MINORI
(SOCIAL REINEGRATION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS OF CRIMINALS: MINORS AND JUVENILE DELINQUENTES)

  • Author(s):Gianina-Anemona Radu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case
  • Page Range:189-195
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:reintegration; rehabilitation; corrections; custody; restauration;
  • Summary/Abstract:Seen as a form of social deviance, delinquency represents a complex social problem as a result of the conjugated interaction between the individual and the environment. In fact, at the level of each society, it exists in one greater or lesser proportion, manifestations of transgression a norms that can take shape by relating them to certain criteria deviance or/and delinquency. The delinquent appears to us as an individual with a deficiency social maturation and at the same time, with social integration difficulties, which comes into conflict with the requirements of a certain value-normative system, including the legal norms.There is a difference between minors and juvenile delinquents, depending on capacity for criminal liability. We have minors who are not criminally liable and minors who are subject to criminal law sanctions. We also have non-custodial sanctions and restrictive or custodial sanctions.The reintegration of all minors who break the law is a sensitive issue. Reintegration services are designed to facilitate a youth’s transition from an out-of-home placement back to the community and family environment through collaboration between the youth and community service providers, and family to ensure the delivery of needed services and supervision. The overall goal is to assist the youth in becoming a productive citizen.
EDUCAȚIA - LEGĂTURA ÎNTRE LIBERTATE ȘI STATUL DE DREPT

EDUCAȚIA - LEGĂTURA ÎNTRE LIBERTATE ȘI STATUL DE DREPT
(EDUCATION - THE LINK BETWEEN FREEDOM AND THE RULE OF LAW)

  • Author(s):Bogdan Țonea
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Constitutional Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Philosophy of Law, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:196-201
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:liberty, education; rule of law; higher education; universities responsability;
  • Summary/Abstract:The present study aims to bring some conceptual clarifications regarding the connection that exists between democracy, education and well-being, a connection that is not at all apparent, but which structures in the depths of society the way of life and well-being of a people. In today's society, freedom is not lacking, but free people are missing. People for whom freedom is assumed, understood and respected; represents the supreme social model. Democracy emphasizes more than the freedom, the spiritual and material standard of a people. Democracy radiographs are eloquent indicators of mental and material well-being. They reveal the level of civic culture and the quality of public service. Not every power resulting from the people means democracy, but only that which does not impose arbitrary laws, which presupposes a minimum of freedom of thought and opinion. By the rule of law we mean all the principles and procedures that guarantee the freedom of the individual and his participation in political life.In my opinion, the only realistic and sustainable way to maintain and promote a democratic political regime and a liberal economic regime, i.e. a liberal democracy, is the way to educate citizens and especially specialists from the state apparatus and universities in terms of understanding the mechanisms of operation of democracy as well as regarding the shortcomings and shortcomings of a democratic system.
INTELIGENȚA ARTIFICIALĂ ȘI SISTEMUL DE JUSTIȚIE PENALĂ PROVOCĂRI ȘI OPORTUNITĂȚI

INTELIGENȚA ARTIFICIALĂ ȘI SISTEMUL DE JUSTIȚIE PENALĂ PROVOCĂRI ȘI OPORTUNITĂȚI
(ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES)

  • Author(s):Vlad Alexandru Voicescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Civil Society, Public Law, Security and defense, Penal Policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:202-208
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:artficial intelligence; penal responsability; criminal justice; new AI offences; new instruments of fight against crime;
  • Summary/Abstract:With the emergence and development of with artificial intelligence systems we are once again in the situation where we need to re-evaluate the system of criminal liability and the subjects of criminal law. The emergence and development of artificial intelligence raises new challenges to the penal law system. Challenges related to the liability for criminal acts committed with the help of AI systems and in relation to the necessity of developing suitable legal provisions in order to legislate this new dimension of human life. The development of AI systems may also prove to be a very useful tool for law enforcement authorities in order to tackle crime and the new trends in cyber criminality.
ABORDAREA SISTEMULUI MANAGERIAL ÎN CONTEXTUL ACTUAL -RISCURI ȘI AMENINȚĂRI LA ADRESA ORDINII PUBLICE ȘI A SIGURANȚEI NAȚIONALE

ABORDAREA SISTEMULUI MANAGERIAL ÎN CONTEXTUL ACTUAL -RISCURI ȘI AMENINȚĂRI LA ADRESA ORDINII PUBLICE ȘI A SIGURANȚEI NAȚIONALE
(THE MANAGERIAL SYSTEM APPROACH IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT - RISKS AND THREATS TO PUBLIC ORDER AND NATIONAL SECURITY)

  • Author(s):Irina Bakhaya
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Education, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Society, Governance, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:209-214
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:management; national security; public order ; risks; threats;
  • Summary/Abstract:It is known that threats, risks and dangers have transnational valences, so that what happens externally can have rapid consequences in the internal plan of national security, generating effects in the plan of regional and even global security. In Romania, the national system for ensuring public order includes the whole formed by legislation, public administration authorities and bodies, specially created and trained forces and resources, which act to guarantee the rights and freedoms of citizens, the protection of public and private property and the normal functioning of the rule of law. In this article I highlighted the fact that the new emerging risks and threats force the managerial system to adapt and find the most appropriate methods that allow it to act proactively in order to reduce potential events with an impact on public order and national security.
On the Use of Semantic Frames in Law Enforcement English Methodology

On the Use of Semantic Frames in Law Enforcement English Methodology
(On the Use of Semantic Frames in Law Enforcement English Methodology)

  • Author(s):Ileana Chersan
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Education, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Political Theory, Political Sciences, Security and defense, Politics and law, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:215-221
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:semantic frames; English law enforcement methodology;
  • Summary/Abstract:The methodology of English for specific purposes has long been employed and developed, capitalizing on the latest language research and linguistic traits. Using semantic analysis and more specifically semantic frames (in the sense of Fillmore ) to deconstruct the meanings of a lexical unit or word is a complex and rewarding methodological approach; this can facilitate the comprehension of cultural and social concepts behind the lexical units, contrasting concepts and situations and contextualizing them with more semantic precision. Law enforcement concepts favour this approach due to the social and historical complexity of law enforcement systems and their impact on cross-cultural communication. This paper explores two semantic frames of law enforcement concepts – ‘Criminal attempts’ and the ‘Power to stop and search’ - to demonstrate the rationale and applicability of frame semantics to English law enforcement vocabulary teaching.
LE PARATEXTE, L’INCIPIT ET LA CLÔTURE NARRATIVE DANS LE ROMAN POLICIER MAIGRET SE TROMPE DE GEORGES SIMENON

LE PARATEXTE, L’INCIPIT ET LA CLÔTURE NARRATIVE DANS LE ROMAN POLICIER MAIGRET SE TROMPE DE GEORGES SIMENON
(PARATEXT, INCIPIT AND NARRATIVE CLOSURE IN THE CRISIS NOVEL MAIGRET SE TRUMPE BY GEORGES SIMENON)

  • Author(s):Georgiana Ghițescu
  • Language:French
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences, Novel, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:222-227
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Georges Simenon; detective novel; paratext; incipit; narrative closure;
  • Summary/Abstract:Dans l’article « Le paratexte, l’incipit et la clôture narrative dans le roman policier Maigret se trompe de Georges Simenon » nous cherchons à découvrir les éléments paratextuels (titre, nom de l’écrivain, incipit, clôture narrative, etc.) que Georges Simenon, l’un des plus grands auteurs de romans policiers, père du fameux commissaire Maigret a choisi d’utiliser dans son roman, dans le but d’augmenter l’envie des lecteurs pour acheter son livre. Tous ces éléments ont le rôle d’offrir au lecteur les premières informations sur le livre qu’il a choisi pour lire, en l’aidant à se situer dans une perspective adéquate, « puisque s’y conjuguent la reconnaissance d’une appartenance d’un livre à un auteur (et à l’ensemble d’une œuvre) et la mise en relation de l’ouvrage à la personnalité historique que désigne le nom » .
Un Studiu Aprofundat al Comportamentului Managerial în Context Organizațional

Un Studiu Aprofundat al Comportamentului Managerial în Context Organizațional
(An In-Depth Study on the Managerial Behaviour in Organisational Setting)

  • Author(s):Cristina Pielmuş
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Language and Literature Studies, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Political Theory, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Labor relations, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Political behavior, Politics and law, Politics and society, Management and complex organizations, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:228-239
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:organisational behaviour; managerial behaviour; management styles; organisational setting;
  • Summary/Abstract:The organisational behaviour represents the way in which members of an organisation understand to adopt certain attitudes or modes of action in their relationship with the organisational environment, as individuals or as members of a group. The understanding of organisational behaviour as an essential variable of the organisation is directly dependent on the human component that forms the core of organisations, without which we could not conceive their existence. The study of organisational behavior is relevant for the deep understanding of the mechanisms that engage the entire organisational life. In the specialised literature, the organisational context is viewed as the influencing factor of human behaviour, and, therefore, as the variable that has a direct impact on the type of behaviour that is created at the organisational level. As a matter of fact, this study aims at highlighting those dimensions of the organisation that act as determinants of organisational behaviour.
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