Kultury obrazu – tabu – edukacja
Image cultures - taboo - education
Contributor(s): Ilona Copik (Editor), Barbara Kita (Editor)
Subject(s): Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Media studies, Communication studies, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Keywords: taboo; anthropology; traditional culture; the media; technology; communication
Summary/Abstract: The texts comprised in the collection have been focused not so much […] on the taboo as on the complex reflection on the evolution of this concept. The authors refer to the understanding of the tabooization compliant with the traditional anthropology dictionary, wherein the meaning of what is forbidden is referenced to the very source of traditional culture (the activity that strengthens social bonds, performs functions integrating the collectivity) and the transformation of taboos that takes place in contemporary mediated cultures under the influence of high technology, the spread of modern communication techniques and related socio-cultural phenomena (liquefaction of identity, unification, secularization). In these texts one may find reflections referring to the phenomenon of the existence of the areas of the commonality of the experience of primitive and contemporary cultures (myths, rituals, social norms - foundations of the symbolic order), however there are more examples pointing to fundamental differences that confirm the thesis that the taboo as an anthropological category functions today in a little different way than it used to do previously, and above all it is subject to inevitable dynamization.
a fragment of the "Introduction"
Series: Nauki społeczne
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3326-7
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3325-0
- Page Count: 222
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: Polish
Transformacje tabu w serwisach parentingowych
Transformacje tabu w serwisach parentingowych
(Transformations of taboo on parenting websites)
- Author(s):Julia Legomska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Culture and social structure , Rhetoric
- Page Range:11-30
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:taboo/de‑tabooisation; maternal/parental discourse; multimodality (image–word); rhetorics of media
- Summary/Abstract:While analysing articles published on parenting websites the author focuses on the traces of taboo transformations. She reconstructs the acts of taboo reconceptualisation and identifies the areas of de‑tabooisation. The analysis is conducted by evoking cultural circumstances which accompany the transformations. The author distinguishes basic trends of the transformations and defines conventions which are created within them. Being aware of multimodality of the analysed communication the author pays particular attention to the sphere of signs in the discussed transformations, including the relation between image and word. Moreover, she observes that de‑tabooisation trends relate to the used code.
- Price: 4.50 €
O potrzebie tabu w sztuce nowych mediów. Od rytuału przejścia do ustanawiania agendy
O potrzebie tabu w sztuce nowych mediów. Od rytuału przejścia do ustanawiania agendy
(New Media Art and the Need for Taboo. From rites de passage to agenda-setting)
- Author(s):Anna Maj
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Customs / Folklore, Media studies, Culture and social structure , Sociobiology, Sociology of the arts, business, education
- Page Range:31-48
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:taboo; oral cultures; new media art; bioart; cultural institutions; agenda setting; trendsetting; Ars Electronica
- Summary/Abstract:The paper aims at tackling the problem which manifests itself intensely in new media art, interactive art, and bioart in particular; precisely, as artists challenge various barriers and limits affecting social, spiritual, and bodily life of the contemporary human being, the recipient‑interactor, paradoxically, tends to long for taboo, sacrum, and beauty. Consequently, diverse strategies and activities undertaken by the cultural institutions – on the example of Ars Electronica festival in Linz – are analysed. Following this, the paper poses a hypothesis that what is in fact tabooed is the role of the organisation introducing new media trends and holding events concerning them; Ars Electronica is not only an institution oriented at research, and cultural and artistic practices, but also one which serves educational, entertaining, and business purposes. In fact, it is a gatekeeper transmitting messages, a stimulant to investigations and artistic activities, and a trendsetter cultivating pro‑technological attitudes and mass fashions, such as: participating in social media, cyberactivism, accepting technological extensions of the body and genetic modifications. The paper ponders upon the possibility of applying the agenda‑setting theory to the institutions which operate on the intersection of art, science, education, industry, and promotion of new technologies. The analysis proposed – concerning cultural taboo – is also broadly related to the issues of the anthropological perspective and understanding taboos in oral cultures, since it is a taboo which provides a significant context for contemporary cyberculture; a taboo, after all, is perceived as secondary orality, to use Walter J. Ong’s term.
- Price: 4.50 €
Obrazy nieoglądalne? Tabu choroby, niepełnosprawności i śmierci w komiksie
Obrazy nieoglądalne? Tabu choroby, niepełnosprawności i śmierci w komiksie
(Unwatchable Pictures? Taboo of Disease, Disability, and Death in Comic Books)
- Author(s):Przemysław Pieniążek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Studies of Literature, Culture and social structure , Health and medicine and law, Theory of Literature
- Page Range:49-64
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:taboo; graphic novel; cancer; disability
- Summary/Abstract:The author takes into consideration four subjectively chosen and unpublished in Poland graphic novels: „It’s a Bird” (2004), „The Spiral Cage” (2003), „Our Cancer Year” (1994) and „Mom’s Cancer” (2008). All of them, using similar dramaturgic strategies, become starting points for visually diversified stories. Each of them in a unique, innovative, and above all universal way rise an issue of overcoming taboo in public reflection on shame, suffering, fear and humiliation which can be results of disease, affliction, or physical disability.
- Price: 4.50 €
Wstręt – tabu – konsumpcja w „Produkcie Polskim” Sławomira Shutego
Wstręt – tabu – konsumpcja w „Produkcie Polskim” Sławomira Shutego
(Ickiness – taboo – consumption in „Produkt Polski” by Sławomir Shuty)
- Author(s):Łukasz Wróblewski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:65-82
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:disgust; ickiness; taboo; consumption; everydayness; Poland
- Summary/Abstract:“Produkt Polski” (The Polish Product) is an example of the book that breaks the taboo of taste. Shuty’s work joins contrary contents (religious, eroticism, dignity, frivolity, the sacrum and the profane), in a caricature way. Therefore „Produkt Polski” may be perceived as distasteful. The purpose of this paper is to explain the reader’s feelings in confrontation with Shuty’s book. The paper also focuses on a discussing the motif of ickiness in „Produkt Polski”. In conclusion, the author proves that disgust and ickiness are used by artist to contest consumerism and the weaknesses of polish culture. Although the text is an example of a case study, it also contains the conclusions that comment contemporary polish culture.
- Price: 4.50 €
Jest mur – nie ma muru, czyli niewidzialna granica w filmach Defy
Jest mur – nie ma muru, czyli niewidzialna granica w filmach Defy
(The Wall – No Wall, or an Invisible Border in DEFA Films)
- Author(s):Andrzej Gwóźdź
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Culture and social structure , Film / Cinema / Cinematography
- Page Range:85-101
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:DEFA films; Berlin Wall taboo; stranger; oppression
- Summary/Abstract:The author points to the absence of the Wall in the film representations of Berlin – the capital of the GDR. If the Wall appeared in films (mainly in dialogues), it was tabooed as a symbol of a protective shield against the West, for instance in „And Your Love Too” („…und deine Liebe auch”, 1961) by Frank Vogel or „A Right to the Jaw” („Der Kinnhaken”, 1962) by Heinz Thiel. The absent iconography of the Wall was consistently supported by the construct of the enemy from behind the Wall – the inviolable figure of exclusion from both the political and the cultural order of the GDR. Still, even though in East Berlin locations the presence of the Wall used to be ignored, the underlying image of it often accompanied stories in films, like in „Generation 45” („Jahrgang 45”, 1965), Jürgen Böttcher’s shelved film. The strategy of tabooising the presence of the Wall was sporadically accompanied by the practice of ignoring its horror and making it mundane, for instance in the representations of the Brandenburg Gate as a monument that covers the Wall („Hostess”, 1975, by Rolf Römer). As late as in „The Architects” („Die Architekten”, 1990) by Peter Kahane – from the time of the breakthrough – the Brandenburg Gate appears along with the full spectrum of oppression of the architecture, which makes one realise the lack of communication between the eastern and the western parts of the city.
- Price: 4.50 €
Obszary tabu w kinie biblijnym głównego nurtu
Obszary tabu w kinie biblijnym głównego nurtu
(Taboo areas in mainstream biblical films)
- Author(s):Magdalena Kempna-Pieniążek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Culture and social structure , Biblical studies, Film / Cinema / Cinematography, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:102-112
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:biblical film; taboo in religion; classical cinema
- Summary/Abstract:The article focuses on the presence / the absence of taboo in mainstream biblical film. Except for Henry Koster’s „The Story of Ruth”, the genre usually avoids presenting Jewish or Christian strict interdictions in an open way. In the same time the films are strongly marked with the presence of unmentionable themes concerning the erotic, customs an aesthetics. The author shows some changes in presenting taboo in biblical film during the years by analyzing classical movies (Cecil B. DeMille’s „The Ten Commandments”, Henry King’s „David and Bathsheba”) as well as the contemporary ones (Mel Gibson’s „The Passion of Christ”, Darren Aronofsky’s „Noah”, Ridley Scott’s „Exodus: Gods and Kings”).
- Price: 4.50 €
Przeżycie religijne – przeżycie erotyczne? Refleksje nad filmem „Raj: Wiara” Ulricha Seidla
Przeżycie religijne – przeżycie erotyczne? Refleksje nad filmem „Raj: Wiara” Ulricha Seidla
(A religious experience – an erotic experience? Reflections on the movie „Paradise: Faith” by Ulrich Seidl)
- Author(s):Daria Mazur
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Culture and social structure , Film / Cinema / Cinematography
- Page Range:113-124
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:religious experience; erotic experience; Christian virtues; pride; bigotry; the camouflage mechanism
- Summary/Abstract:The article is an attempt of an analysis and interpretation of the second part of the movie trilogy by Ulrich Seidl. Its author tries to outreach the popular conception, according to which the movie presents a caricature vision of being religious and mocks bigotry. Referring to the theory created by S. Freud, E. Fromm and W. James, the author puts forth and justifies a thesis: The movie „Paradise: Faith”, thanks to the strategy applied by the producer that is based on creating appearances, simulation, and covering the actual meanings, is an attempt to show the postmodern condition of a human being – conditioned by the lack of a spiritual life, religious burnout, but at the same time the craving for it and existential loneliness. They are shown in the movie through two layers of images that create the camouflage mechanism: the pseudo‑ritual behavior of the main character as well as the visions of her erotic practices.
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Problematyka tabu w twórczości Todda Solondza
Problematyka tabu w twórczości Todda Solondza
(Taboo issues in Todd Solondz’s output)
- Author(s):Hanna Kowalska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Culture and social structure , Health and medicine and law, Film / Cinema / Cinematography
- Page Range:125-138
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:abortion; hyperreality; disability; sexual orientation; pedophilia; taboo; Todd Solondz
- Summary/Abstract:This article aims to systematize the discussion of the problems of taboo in cinema against the work of Todd Solondz, with particular emphasis on film, „Storytelling” (2001) „Welcome to the Dollhouse” (1995), „Happiness” (1998) and „Palindromes” (2004). Article shows that in his artistic achievements director looks at topics strongly tabooed by contemporary culture, such as abortion, pedophilia, disability or domestic violence. Solondz not only tells the story marked in the subject, but also tames them, so that his heroes were able to arouse sympathy. The author showed that thanks to that the director forces the viewer to intellectual effort and self‑reflection. It proved also that in these films Todd Solondz deliberately exceed the limit fixed by the culture by breaking taboos, which, however, is not marked by obvious moral. In this way, the author shows educational dimension to the work of the director.
- Price: 4.50 €
Pornografia u Jeana‑Luca Godarda
Pornografia u Jeana‑Luca Godarda
(Pornography in Jean‑Luc Godard)
- Author(s):Barbara Kita
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Culture and social structure , Film / Cinema / Cinematography
- Page Range:139-150
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Godard; pornography; nudity; picture
- Summary/Abstract:In culture and cinema, pornography and eroticism are current issues which have never ceased to arouse profound emotions. This paper focuses particularly on pornography, nudity, and eroticism in Jean‑Luc Godard’s films with regard to the mainstream films, the latter ones absorbing pornography as cinema has changed whereas the cultural taboos have been broken down. For Godard, a director who is fond of identifying grave problems by means of shocking the audience, the aforementioned tropes are useful tools. Initially, Godard employs nudity in order to emphasise the commercialisation of the everyday life and the imperfection of the social relations based on production and exploitation. Since the 80s, he aims at reaching the mystery of the film image by means of almost pornographic frames. However, in Godard pornography loses its inherent pornographic effect: its frames are cold, boring, and repetitive; deprived of excitement, they connote nearly medical images. Considering the violence of the political states, totalitarian systems, and murders in general, what is, in fact, the rape on the screen or the rape of the screen? This is the question the director seems to pose.
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„Dorastanie nie jest dla dzieci” – o odtabuizowaniu dziecięcej transgresyjności według Kuby Czekaja
„Dorastanie nie jest dla dzieci” – o odtabuizowaniu dziecięcej transgresyjności według Kuby Czekaja
(„Growing up is not for children” – breach of taboo of child’s transgression by Kuba Czekaj)
- Author(s):Agata Montewska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Psychology, Culture and social structure , Film / Cinema / Cinematography
- Page Range:151-158
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Kuba Czekaj; taboo; transgression; psychotransgressionism; breach of taboo
- Summary/Abstract:The article is an analysis of a debut, feature‑lenght film by Kuba Czekaj – Baby Bump in the perspective of transgression and Józef Kozielecki’s psychotransgression theory. Theses are based on symbolic (cutting off frozen ears, breasts, pregnancy belly; hatching) and formal (cartoon, pastel, surreal imagination) transgression indicators, which simultaneously realize the process of breaching of taboo of childhood limits. Conclusions are based on enhancers and impediments’ theory in progression’s psychology, which at the same time explain threads of fascination with corporealness, mother’s sexuality, maturation’s trauma which is intertwined with sexual normativeness.
- Price: 4.50 €
Detabuizacja historii w przestrzeni muzeum lokalnego
Detabuizacja historii w przestrzeni muzeum lokalnego
(Detabooisation of History within the Local Museum Space)
- Author(s):Ilona Copik
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Education, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:161-176
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:memory landscape; cultural memory; detabooisation of history; local museum
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to discuss the activities related to exhibitions, research, and education of the „Centre of Documentation of Upper Silesians Deportation to the Soviet Union in 1945”. This local museum is an institution focused on filling the “blank spots” in historiography, retrieving the knowledge about the past, and breaking the taboo which has led to the state of collective oblivion under the influence of strong ideologisation of the knowledge about the past taking place in the time of the Polish People’s Republic. The activity of the institution is oriented at the processes of retrieving the memory that so far has functioned only in communication – that is, in private and unofficial – messages; it aims at retrieving this memory and transforming it into a collective, cultural one. The article endeavours to answer the questions concerning the very tabooed history and the cultural contexts of detabooisation that is performed by means of particular communicational strategies characteristic of contemporary museum activity.
- Price: 4.50 €
Marginesy, przemilczenia, wykluczenia. Tabu w glottodydaktyce polonistycznej
Marginesy, przemilczenia, wykluczenia. Tabu w glottodydaktyce polonistycznej
(Margins, elisions, exclusions. Taboo in Polish glottodidactics)
- Author(s):Barbara Łukaszewicz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Education, Foreign languages learning, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:177-191
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:glottodidactics; Polish as a foreign language; taboo in education; taboo in teaching; Polish language coursebooks
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the article is to focus on the chosen aspects of talking about taboo during teaching Polish as a foreign language. The paper consists of a few parts. In the beginning, it is considered the relation between the cultural differences and the role of taboo in the proper communication. The next topic is the character of the job of Polish as a foreign language teacher with the foreign students, dilemmas connected with introducing of the taboo topics on the Polish as a foreign language lesson and the ways of talking about taboo in the educational materials.
- Price: 4.50 €
Tabu w kulturach środkowoazjatyckich wyzwaniem dla lektora języka polskiego jako obcego
Tabu w kulturach środkowoazjatyckich wyzwaniem dla lektora języka polskiego jako obcego
(Taboo in Central Asian cultures as a challenge to teachers of Polish as a foreign language)
- Author(s):AGATA RUDZIŃSKA
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Education, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:192-198
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:taboo; teaching Polish as a foreign language
- Summary/Abstract:The awareness of existing taboos in foreign culture allows it to be used wisely and increases the efficiency of the educational process. The article is a summary of the experience gained during working as Polish language and culture teacher at the Kazakh University of International Relations and Foreign Languages in Almaty. It presents difficulties and challenges encountered when teaching students from Central Asia. The paper shows which problems and taboo topics meets Polish language teacher abroad.
- Price: 4.50 €
„Strach przed ciemnością” i „Oswajanie świata” – wystawy sztuki najnowszej w kontekście zakazów kulturowych
„Strach przed ciemnością” i „Oswajanie świata” – wystawy sztuki najnowszej w kontekście zakazów kulturowych
(Fear of the Dark and Taming the World – The Contemporary Art Exhibitions and Cultural Taboos)
- Author(s):Ewa Kokot
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Education, Visual Arts, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:199-210
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:visual art; art for children; artistic education
- Summary/Abstract:The paper is devoted to „Biennial of Art for Children”, which in 2011 included an exhibitions entitled „Fear of the Dark” and „Taming the World” held in Katowice. The exhibitions were organised by Krystyna Bochenek Culture Centre in Katowice, the facility opened on the 1st of July 2010. Among the members of the middle and the young generations, children were involved. The projects aimed at targeting contemporary art at the particular spectator – a child. The exhibitions gathered eight contemporary Polish artists: Basia Bańda (born 1982), Bartek Buczek (born 1987), Marek Kuś (born 1962), Piotr Lutyński (born 1962), Erwina Ziomkowska (born 1983), Karolina Żyniewicz (born 1984), and Michał Smandek (born 1981). Moreover, the art educators who work with the youngest artists in various cultural institutions and associations were also invited to participate in the projects. Finally, the project’s assumption was to use diverse artistic spaces, including the urban ones.
- Price: 4.50 €