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External stakeholders in Polish higher education

Interesariusze zewnętrzni w misjach i strategiach rozwoju polskich uczelni

Author(s): Agnieszka Piotrowska-Piątek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: content analysis; external stakeholder; higher education institution; stakeholder theory; management

The article discusses interplay between institutions in higher education (HEIs) and the socio-economic environment. Analysis of the formal and legal conditions and changes in the HEI environment shows that cooperation is becoming an increasingly important dimension in management. In this paper, a tendency in the institutionalisation of these relations and the effects of a new mechanism for distribution of benefits on their shaping was observed, and which was characteristic of the stakeholder theory presented. The empirical section investigates the regional perspective for missions and development strategies of HEIs in the presence of certain categories of external stakeholders. The study showed that HEIs most frequently addressed cooperation with representatives of business and public authorities. HEIs recognised these two types of entity as external stakeholders in the region. It was also found that type of HEI influenced its orientation to cooperation. State higher schools of vocational education were the most friendly towards cooperation with regional stakeholders.

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Analysis of the effects of an educational package “We play pictograms”

Analiza efektów zastosowania pakietu edukacyjnego „Gramy w piktogramy”

Author(s): Mirosław Dąbrowski,Bartosz Kondratek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: mathematical education; teaching style; IRT modeling; multilevel regression; cluster-randomized experiment

The article presents the analysis of data gathered to assess the package “We play pictograms”. The package is intended as support for the development of symbolic language skills by influencing the way teachers teach mathematics during the first years of primary school. The research was conducted using a cluster-randomized repeated measures experimental design with a control group. The main research problem investigated change in the level of relevant student skills, specifically associated with the package. IRT modeling and multilevel regression were employed in the analysis. Results demonstrated significant improvement in the use of symbolic language derived from the package.

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Math anxiety from psychological and educational perspectives

Lęk przed matematyką z perspektywy psychologicznej i edukacyjnej

Author(s): Krzysztof Cipora,Monika Szczygieł / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: psychology; math anxiety; math education; mathematical cognition

In this paper math anxiety and its consequences are characterized. Math anxiety is an important factor influencing math achievement. This specific type of anxiety is relatively independent of trait anxiety. When highly math anxious individuals solve math problems, their working memory capacity is restricted and their cognitive inhibition mechanisms are impaired. In the long-term, highly math anxious individuals avoid career pathways related to math. Math anxiety is also related to lower math achievement. Importantly, math anxiety is not equivalent to low math ability. Interventions aimed at reducing math anxiety lead to improvement in math achievement. It is worth noting that pre-service elementary school teachers are characterized by very high math anxiety, which may then be transferred to their pupils.

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School culture and student risky behaviours

Kultura szkoły a zachowania ryzykowne uczniów

Author(s): Krzysztof Ostaszewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: school culture; youth; preven-tion; risky behaviours; mental health

The article describes school culture and reports studies in which this construct was used to explain student risky behaviours. School culture embraces assumptions, values and beliefs shared by the school community. Teachers’ caring attitudes and commitment, clarity of school norms and rules and the high value of academic achievement have been proved to have a positive influence on school effectiveness and student healthy development. Research on school culture, similarly to studies on school climate, integrate diverse research communities interested in school performance and the effectiveness of prevention programs.

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Incorrect classification of item response formats – consequences for test validity

Konsekwencje błędnego określenia rodzaju zadania testowego

Author(s): Paulina Skórska,Karolina Świst,Hanryk Szaleniec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2014

Keywords: item format; construct validity; content validity; constructed-response item; selected-response item

The article demonstrates the consequences on validity when test items are misclassified as constructed-response but in fact function as selected-response. From the review of items included in the scientific part of the national exam (2002–11) that concludes 3-year lower secondary school, 9 items, which were classified as constructed-response but functioning in content and psychometrically as selected-response, were identified. One such item was examined in a case study using IRT modelling. The study showed how guessing of correct responses to items might influence test validity when using an incorrectly classified format.

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Estimating the effect of class size on academic achievement by ex post facto experiment

Estimating the effect of class size on academic achievement by ex post facto experiment

Author(s): Maciej Koniewski / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2013

Keywords: sociology of education; class size effect; academic achievement measurement; quasi-experimental research

The analyses of influence of class size on academic achievement used data from study conducted in 2006 by the Regional Examination Board in Cracow (Poland). The variables explaining the achievements of lower secondary school pupils were identified using regression analysis. The model explains 71% of variance of exam results. These variables were used to identify statistical twins. Their assignment to the experimental and control group was performed in three ways: by stratification using Mahalanobis distance, matching one-to-many and one-to-one using k-means method. The last method proved the most successful. The effect of class size on student outcomes proved statistically insignificant. However, pupils from classes with below 23 pupils achieved higher mean scores than their peers from larger classes by 0.039 standard deviation.

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Double-digit coding of examination math problems

Dwucyfrowe kodowanie zadań z matematyki

Author(s): Agnieszka Sułowska,Marcin Karpiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2012

Keywords: evaluation; double-digit coding; final exam; PISA; TIMSS

Various methods are used worldwide to evaluate student solutions to examination tasks. Usually the results simply provide information about student competency and after aggregation, are also used as a tool of making comparisons between schools. In particular, the standard evaluation methods do not allow conclusions to be drawn about possible improvements of teaching methods. There are however, task assessment methods which not only allow description of student achievement, but also possible causes of failure. One such method, which can be applied to extended response tasks, is double-digit coding which has been used in some international educational research. This paper presents the first Polish experiences of applying this method to examination tasks in mathematics, using a special coding key to carry out the evaluation. Lessons learned during the coding key construction and its application in the assessment process are described.

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Determinants for satisfaction of parents of primary school children

Wybrane uwarunkowania zadowolenia ze szkoły rodziców dzieci uczących się w szkołach podstawowych

Author(s): Radosław Kaczan,Piotr Rycielski,Olga Wasilewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2012

Keywords: parental satisfaction with school; parental attitudes towards school; school work evaluation

The article presents the results from a questionnaire survey on the opinion of parents about pre-school and early school education conducted in 2011. This analysis focuses on school assessment by parents who have at least one child attending school. In analyses, five factors describing parental satisfaction emerged, (1) child satisfaction with school, (2) learning load (3) attractiveness of classes, (4) contact with peers, (5) special classes. Regression analyses were used to examine relations between identified factors and a general assessment of satisfaction with the care and education of the child. The strongest predictors for satisfaction with care and the child’s education are child’s satisfaction with school (factor 1) and attractiveness of classes (factor 3).

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The faces of the sociology of education – towards a synthetic analytical model

Oblicza socjologii edukacji – w stronę syntetycznego modelu analiz

Author(s): Piotr Mikiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: sociology of education; analytical models; theoretical orientations; problem fields

The text presents the main analytical and theoretical orientations of the sociology of education. The subject of the sociology of education and its specific sociological approach to educational issues are defined. Next, a typology of research approaches in the sociology of education is presented. The author raises the question of whether a synthetic analytical perspective is possible, which would link the different analytical threads and their methods of interpretation used by the various perspectives outlined in this paper. The paper may be a starting point for further discussions on the meaning of theory in education research.

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Sex segregation in the choice of field of study in higher education

Wybór kierunku studiów – mechanizm segregacji

Author(s): Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

Keywords: higher education; segregation; educational inequality; socialisation; rational choice

The paper examines the level and the sources of gender segregation in the choice of the field of study in higher education in Poland. To explain the differences in men’s and women’s choices of higher education fields of study, the analysis uses socialisation and rational choice theories. The results obtained with data from the survey Social and economic determinants of higher education choices among people aged 19–30 show that women are more likely than men to choose education, health and welfare, as well as the arts and humanities; men in turn dominate in technical fields – particularly in information and communication technologies, engineering, manufacturing and construction. The results obtained from the estimation of the multinomial logit model reveal that in line with the theoretical predictions, the choice of the field of study with respect to segregation level is determined both by the level and the field of parents’ education, as well as individual education achievements.

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How to teach ethics to future physicians? Review of active didactic methods useful in teaching medical ethics

Jak uczyć etyki przyszłych lekarzy? Przegląd aktywnych metod dydaktycznych przydatnych w nauczaniu etyki medycznej

Author(s): Emilia Kaczmarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: etyka lekarska; aktywne metody nauczania; gry dydaktyczne; nauczanie problemowe; kazuistyka.

Zajęcia z etyki lekarskiej odbywają się na każdym uniwersytecie medycznym w Polsce. Akademicka debata na temat optymalnych metod dydaktycznych w nauczaniu tego przedmiotu trwa od lat. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie wyższości aktywnych metod nauczania nad metodami pasywnymi oraz przedstawienie przeglądu metod aktywnych stosowanych w ramach zajęć z etyki medycznej, takich jak: kazuistyka, nauczanie przy łóżku pacjenta, nauczanie problemowe, dyskusja, odgrywanie ról. Przedstawiono wady i zalety omówionych metod dydaktycznych oraz możliwości ich zastosowania w polskich warunkach instytucjonalnych. Artykuł może być źródłem użytecznych informacji dla wykładowców prowadzących zajęcia z etyki medycznej.

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Supporting students with speech, language and communication disorders in inclusive education

Wspomaganie uczniów z zaburzeniami mowy, języka i komunikacji w edukacji włączającej

Author(s): Dorota Podgórska-Jachnik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: inclusive education; communication; language; speech; disorders

Students’ speech, language and communication disorders can occur as the main or only developmental problem or they can also be linked to other special educational needs. The educational law associates the former with the need for psychological and pedagogical services resulting from language competence deficits and disorders. The latter includes other difficulties, for example, most disabilities. Compensating for speech, language and communication problems is a major challenge for the education system, especially for pre-schools and public schools implementing inclusive education programmes. They can help children and pupils with these problems mainly through individual rehabilitation and speech therapy classes. However, it is difficult to identify the individuals requiring assistance, as well as to provide detailed diagnoses and design the support. This article aims to provide more information about these issues and to outline the broader educational context for the other articles in this issue of the journal.

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The educational situation of children from the Romani community – with particular emphasis on the need for speech therapy (using the example of the city of Olsztyn)

Sytuacja edukacyjna dzieci ze środowiska romskiego – ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem potrzeb w zakresie terapii logopedycznej (na przykładzie miasta Olsztyna)

Author(s): Marzenna Zaorska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: Romany; education; education of Romani children; psychological and pedagogical help; speech therapy; speech therapy for a Romani pupil

Romani children, due to the ethno-cultural and social specificity of the community in which they are brought up, constitute a group of pupils who require special assistance in determining the course of their school education, as well as directed support in the area of psychological and pedagogical assistance (also in the area of speech therapy). Therefore, this article presents not only the specificity of the Romani community in Poland, but also – based on the example of Olsztyn – the activities conducted for the Romani inhabitants of this city and their children studying in selected schools operating in the city.

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Providing speech therapy to children with multiple disabilities

Postępowanie logopedyczne w przypadku dziecka z niepełnosprawnością sprzężoną

Author(s): Mateusz Szurek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: multiple disabilities; speech-language pathology; speech therapy

The appearance of multiple disabilities negatively influences speech development and requires interventions in the form of speech therapy as well as ones supporting general development. Therefore, an important role in the diagnostic-therapeutic team is played by a speech/language pathologist, who should already be assisting the child in its earliest stages, not only in developing effective intercommunication, but also in normalizing primary activities. His/her role is based largely on selecting the appropriate methods and techniques to support the development, rehabilitation and education of a child with multiple disabilities.

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Logopaedic diagnosis and therapy of a dysarthric patient with cerebral palsy and a congenital malformation syndrome. A case study

Diagnoza i terapia logopedyczna pacjenta dyzartrycznego z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym i zespołem wad wrodzonych. Studium przypadku

Author(s): Krystian Manicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: dysarthria; cerebral palsy; disability; brain damage; speech disorders

The article concerns dysarthric disorders in a 6-year-old patient with cerebral palsy (CP) and a congenital malformation syndrome. The author discusses some theoretical issues related to the aetiology, classification and general characteristics of CP, with particular reference to speech disorders. Then, the procedures of dysarthria diagnosis and the evaluation of the child’s language competence using selected research tools are described. In the last section, the author presents a therapy proposal.

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The educational needs of pre-school children with nonspontaneous speech development delay and with a recognized rare disease. Case studies of boys with Cri du Chat Syndrome and mucopolysaccharidosis

Potrzeby edukacyjne dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym z niesamoistnym opóźnieniem rozwoju mowy i z rozpoznaną chorobą rzadką. Studia przypadków chłopców z zespołem Cri du Chat i mukopolisacharydozą typu III

Author(s): Agnieszka Kamyk-Wawryszuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: educational needs; nonspontaneous speech development delay; rare disease; pre-school child

The purpose of this research was to describe the educational needs of children affected by rare genetic diseases resulting in nonspontaneous speech development delay and intellectual disability. The research adopted a qualitative approach using the case study method. The study subjects were two pre-school aged boys diagnosed with rare diseases (Cri du Chat syndrome and type III mucopolysaccharidosis), who functioned with moderate intellectual disability and delayed speech development. The conducted research determined that the diagnosed needs should be included in the existing special needs catalogue, but their profile as well as the process of their identification has an individualized character.

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The sociocultural identity of deaf persons with a cochlear implant using Polish phonic language and their self-esteem – a preliminary study

Tożsamość społeczno-kulturowa a samoocena osób głuchych z implantem ślimakowym komunikujących się w języku polskim fonicznym – badanie wstępne

Author(s): Joanna Kobosko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: cochlear implant; deaf sociocultural identity; prelingual deafness; self-esteem

The sociocultural identity of deaf people is usually described in terms of the four dimensions in which it may be experienced, indicated by, among other things, the identification of deaf persons with hearing persons (the dimension: hearing), neither deaf nor hearing persons (the dimension: marginal), d/Deaf people (the dimension: deafness), both d/Deaf and hearing persons (the dimension: bicultural). We ask the questions: what is the sociocultural identity of deaf persons with a cochlear implant (CI), and is there a relationship between the sociocultural identity of a deaf person and self-esteem and other variables, including sociodemographic ones. The study involved 28 persons, prelingually deaf, aged between 18 and 40 years, highly competent in the spoken Polish language. The Deaf Identity Development Scale (N. Glickman), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Information Questionnaire were used in the study. The results show that deaf persons with a CI experience themselves as “bicultural” and “hearing” to the greatest extent, and decreased self-esteem is related only to those experiencing a “marginal” identity, that is, they lack a feeling of identity and belonging to both d/Deaf and hearing people.

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The linguistic competence of deaf children in sign language – tools to use in assessment and its clinical significance

Kompetencje dzieci głuchych w posługiwaniu się językiem migowym - metody oceny i jej kliniczne znaczenie

Author(s): Piotr Tomaszewski,Alicja Niedźwiecka,Marta Majewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: assessment of linguistic competence; deaf children; deaf studies; sign language; psychology

Despite the need for an early assessment of the linguistic competence of deaf children using sign language, there are no instruments available for individuals who use Polish Sign Language (PSL). In order to encourage the development of such tools, this paper presents several instruments used to assess individuals using American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL). These instruments assess various aspects of linguistic competence, including vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and metalinguistic awareness. The development of such tools would benefit children using PSL, who need early diagnosis and intervention to enhance their language outcomes.

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New tools for augmentative and alternative communication – using the Sclera Symbols system in therapy for persons with intellectual disabilities

System Sclera – nowe narzędzie w komunikacji alternatywnej oraz sposoby jego wykorzystania w praktyce edukacyjnej i terapeutycznej

Author(s): Magdalena Hinc-Wirkus / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: special needs education; AAC; augmentative and alternative communication; intellectual disability; Sclera Symbols

The ability of effective intercommunication is one of the basic competences that conditions the functioning of an individual in society. It helps not only with interpersonal understanding or expressing one’s own views or needs, but also in determining a separate identity, so in a more distant perspective, it enables development. Not developing interpersonal communication skills sentences a person to exclusion and solitude, and consequently to frustration or lowered self-esteem. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) allows dialogue and work to be established with persons with impaired speech development. Applying pictograms of the Sclera System is one form of AAC which makes it possible to effectively work with persons with disabilities in diverse ways.

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New vs. existing customer: determinants of student satisfaction

Klient nowy a zatrzymany – determinanty satysfakcji studentów

Author(s): Anna Szeliga-Duchnowska,Mirosława Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: service quality; student satisfaction; retention; new customer; existing customer; educational offer; determinants of student satisfaction;

The aim of this article is to identify and present the key determinants of student satisfaction. The work has a research character. The first stage consisted of identifying the relevant attributes of an educational offer from the point of view of a student – the customer. The next stage concentrated on examining the differences in the assessment of the importance of the assets of the educational offers that occurred between the examined groups of students, that is, the so-called new and existing ones. For the purpose of the article, an existing customer was defined as one who was inclined to systematically use the services of the same higher education institution over a long period of time. Existing students completed first cycle studies at the WSB University of Wroclaw, Department of Economics in Opole and pursued their second cycle education at the same university. The students were requested to evaluate the organisation of their study courses, distribution of classes and conveniences, the infrastructure of the school and characteristics of lecturers. The aim of the third stage of the research was to determine the overall assessment of student satisfaction, which was determined as the sum of the size of satisfaction with the fulfilled requirements of the educational service as well as the size of the dissatisfaction due to failing to fulfil the requirements. The authors also calculated the absolute value of the differences between the overall evaluation of new students’ satisfaction and that of existing students. The first chapter presents the factors that influenced customer satisfaction and loyalty in light of the literature on the problem. The second chapter presents the research methods and implementation of the study. The results of the research and discussion are then provided in the next chapter. The summary presents the following conclusions: the evaluation of the majority of the analysed features relating to the quality of the educational service is similar in both analysed groups of students. Most frequently, differences occur in the assessment of the institution’s infrastructure. At the same time, all of the observed differences in the evaluation of the importance of the characteristics of an educational service are small.

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