Search results for: DISPUTATIONES SCIENTIFICAE in All Content

Analytical And Middle Age Philosophy

FILOSOFIA ANALITICĂ ŞI FILOSOFIA MEDIEVALĂ

Author(s): Marin Bălan / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2007

Keywords: Medieval philosophy; analytical philosophy; medieval logic

Until recently, among philosophers trained in the analytical tradition there was no interest in medieval thought. But in the 1960s and 1970s, significant developments took place, and the picture of medieval philosophy has changed completely: scholars like L.M. De Rijk, D. Henry, and J. Pinborg made evident that many areas of medieval thought reflect the emphases in contemporary philosophy. During the next decades, analytical philosophers discovered that there are similarities between the way they approach their subjects now and the way in which medieval arts masters and theologians worked: first of all, a concentration on logic is the distinguishing mark of both medieval and analytical philosophy. In The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy (1982), N. Kretzmann, A. Kenny, J. Pinborg and their collaborators showed how we can study medieval philosophy in an analytical way. Thus, analytical historians of medieval philosophy are now concentrating on those problems they believe can contribute to today’s philosophical inquiries; they are cuting out sentences and arguments, they are trying to translate medieval texts into modern terms, and they are analysing positions of the past philosophers as they would be maintained by contemporary philosophers. They are not aiming to be historical: their work relates rather to topics than to philosophers.

Bosnia Porphyriana : An Outline of the Development of Logic in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia Porphyriana : Nacrt razvoja logike u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Nijaz Ibrulj / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 2/2009

Keywords: logic; education; schooling; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Isagoge; Bosnia Porphyriana

In this paper a short outline of the development of logic in Bosnia and Herzegovina over several historical periods is exposed. The exposition includes the period of the Ottomans’ occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and governing of the Empire, the period of Austro-Hungarian Empire and governing of the Monarchy, the period of Communist regime and governing of the Socialistic Republic and the period from the end of the aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to present day (Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina) governing of the International Community. Each period is described with its own organization of education, the educational paradigm, the status of logic as a subject in the educational system, the main persons working in logical science (researching, lecturing, writing books and papers), the main works and the main ideas. The text Introduction (lat. Isagoge; arab. Īsāġūğī), written by Porphyry, a neo-platonic commentator of Aristotle, was present as themain text or mainmanual as a source of motivation for the logical reflections and writings through all of the periods of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is the reason the syntagm Bosnia Porphyryana was introduced in this paper.

The Subsistence of Existents. The Contribution of John Scotus Eriugena in the Formation of the Latin Vocabulary of Being

La subsistence des existants. La contribution de Jean Scot Érigene à la constitution d'un vocabulaire latin de l'être

Author(s): Kristell Trego / Language(s): French / Issue: 6/2008

S'il reprend des thèmes chers à la patristique, Erigène adapte ces notions théologiques afin de penser non plus tant l'être divin, que l'être créé, en sa condition même de créature. Ainsi Erigène reconnaît-il aux êtres créés, qu'il nomme «existants» (existentia), une subsistence qui, si elle se fonde dans l'essence divine, s'en distingue toutefois. Quoi qu'il en soit du contexte néoplatonicien dans lequel intervient le terme subsistence (utilisé notamment pour traduire l'huparxis du Ps-Denys ou de Maxime le Confesseur), l'on ne saurait le réduire à la nomination de la venue à l'être (c'est l'existence qui évoque cette idée). Réinvestissant la notion de subsistence qui s'est construite chez ses prédécesseurs latins, notre auteur s'en sert pour faire signe vers l'idée d'une permanence de ce qui est au-delà de la procession qui lui a permis d'accéder à l'être.

The Republic of Letters and the Imperial Court in the Second Part of the 16th Century

A respublica litteraria és a császári udvar a 16. század második felében

Author(s): Gábor Almási / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2005

The aim of the article is to clarify why Vienna and Prague became so important centers of the Republic of Letters in the second half of the sixteenth century. It is argued that the cultural flourishing of the Habsburg imperial court cannot be satisfyingly explained by pointing to the characters of Ferdinand I, Maximilian II and Rudolf II, or by stressing the propaganda and representational goals of their “cultural politics”. Still it is admitted that the humanist education and the controversial but definitely not radical religious stance of these rulers was an important precondition of a cultural boom. However, analyzing some of the cultural fields to which humanists could directly contribute (collections, summer palaces, botany, imperial library, court feasts) it is demonstrated that Maximilian’s cultural initiatives are much exaggerated by the literature whereas those of Ferdinand are sometimes undervalued. Humanist presence was less dependent on imperial initiative than on the pressure and insistence of humanists and on the vigor of humanist cultural practices. The author claims that humanist identity as expressed by the Republic of Letters was a natural component of the emperors’ complex identity, hence it was rather the Republic of Letters that influenced and absorbed the emperors than vice versa. Finally, it is emphasized that the imperial court could not have become a center of the Republic of Letters without the participation and support of a great number of cultured courtiers and bureaucrats.

Incursions dans l’histoire de l’édification du temple chrétien

în istoria edificării templului creştin

Author(s): Ioan Bizău / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2006

Incursions dans l’histoire de l’édification du temple chrétien. C’est conjointement qu’il faut concevoir la théologie scolastique et l’architecture gotique, tant parce que les deux phénomènes majeurs du moyen âge occidental se sont caractérisés par l’attitude et les efforts communs dirigés vers la recherche rationnelle de la vérité, que parce qu’entre le développement de la pensée scolastique et l’affirmation de l’architecture gotique il y a une étonnante correspondance chronologique. L’architecture gothique a représenté en fait la première application technologique directe de la pensée scolastique. Les magnifiques cathédrales gotique ont eu une signification idéologique, car elles étaient censées représenter des expressions de l’autorité de l’Église visible, une autorité qui s’imposait tant par le pouvoir absolu de gérer la volonté de Dieu et ses révélations, que par l’énorme splendeur de sa structure d’organisation dans l’histoire. Cette structure d’organisation représentait le principe de base de l’unité de l’Église romaine et elle assurait en même temps l’équilibre statique de la cathédrale gotique. La préoccupation majeure des architectes, des sculpteurs et des artisans qui ont organisé les immenses chantiers des cathédrales gothiques, était de soumettre la pierre à une conception „logique” préétablie, en forçant l’équilibre statique, pour matérialiser l’idée théologique/ philosophique que l’édifice du culte tout entier devait exprimer. La cathédrale gotique fait foi des efforts spectaculaires de la société médiévale occidentale d’exprimer dans ses structures pétrifiées l’opposition radicale entre le naturel et le surnaturel, entre l’inanité humaine et l’autorité transcendante de Dieu, correspondant à la présentation de cette opposition dans les traités de la théologie scolastique. Pour les constructeurs des églises du moyen âge byzantin la profession de foi n’avait pas la signification d’un système idéologique devant être exprimé par des élévations analogiques vers une transcendance radicale par rapport au monde. De même elle n’avait pas non plus la signification d’un organisme magnifique, doté d’une structure administrative autoritaire s’interposant de façon artificielle entre l’homme et Dieu. L’architecture liturgique byzantine a eu la signification d’une expérience eucharistique par laquelle on cherchait à connaître et à révéler la rationalité de la création pour laquelle le Logos divin s’était incarné dans l’histoire. En vertu d’une liberté sage, les architectes et les artisans de la tradition liturgique byzantine ont „communiqué” avec le matériel de construction, en cherchant à comprendre le mieux possible ses résistances et son potentiel naturel, en essayant aussi de déchiffrer dans ses structures la rationalité dynamique propre à la matière „sauvée” par l’incarnation du Christ dans la vie du monde. C’est pour cette raison que l’édifice liturgique byzantin est construit tel un événement eucharistique, par le greffage de chaque entit

Francis of Assisi and the Franciscans in the Fourteenth Century Dominican "Tractatus contra beghardos" by Henryk Harrer

Franciszek z Asyżu i franciszkanie w czternastowiecznym dominikańskim "Tractatus contra beghardos" Henryka Harrera

Author(s): Tomasz Gałuszka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2014

The article aims to examine the Franciscan themes and sources in the 14th-century "Tractatus contra beghardos" penned by a Czech Dominican Henryk Harrer. It became clear that Henryk Harrer managed to unite in his writings the pride in being a friar with the reverence for the Franciscan tradition. Francis of Assisi is presented as a perfect example of a friar’s life. However, the reverence for his person did not stop Harrer from referring to some more difficult moments in the Franciscans’ life, namely a conflict carried on in the 1320s and 1330s between radical Friars Minor and Pope John XXII. Owing to the analysis of archival sources we know that while writing his "Tractatus contra beghardos" Harrer drew from main legal and hagiographic texts in the Friars Minor Order. These were predominantly "Regula bullata" from the year 1223 and "The Life of St. Francis of Assisi" written by St. Bonaventure. The reasons for Harrer’s being well conversant with the Franciscan sources and tradition can be attributed not only to the church situation during the pontificate of Pope XXII, but also to particular events that took place in Prague in 1329. At that time the Dominicans residing in Prague, including Henryk Harrer, participated in a mission against the Franciscans who were in favor of Michael of Cesena and the Franciscan Spirituals.

Reports and reviews

Správy a Recenzie

Author(s): Ľubor Králik,Peter Žeňuch,Jarmila Kredátusová,Nikoleta Hubinská,Svetlana Vašíčková,Michal Roman,Tomáš Bánik,Viera Kováčová,Mária Strýčková,Marta Vojteková,Ľubomíra Wilšinská,Ivor Ripka,Ľubica Dvornická / Language(s): / Issue: 01/2015

Odišiel profesor Péter Király Životné jubileum prof. PhDr. Júlie Dudášovej-Kriššákovej, DrSc. Themes of Polemical Theology Across Early Modern Literary Genres / Polemicko-teologické témy v žánroch staršej literatúry DUDÁŠOVÁ-KRIŠŠÁKOVÁ, J.: Fonologický systém slovanských jazykov z typologického hľadiska. Prešov: Vydavateľstvo Prešovskej univerzity 2014. 224 s. ŽEŇUCHOVÁ, K.: Zbierka ľudovej prózy Samuela Cambela. Prameň k výskumu rozprávačskej tradície na Slovensku. Bratislava: Slavistický ústav SAV 2014, 462 s. ŽEŇUCH, P.: Источники византийско- -славянской традиции и культуры в Словакии. Roma – Bratislava – Košice 2013. 482 s.; ŽEŇUCH, P.: K dejinám cyrilskej písomnej kultúry na Slovensku. Nitra 2015. 175 s. Reprezentatívne dielo Ústavu pre kultúru vojvodinských Slovákov (SKLABINSKÁ, M. – MOSNÁKOVÁ, K.: Slováci v Srbsku z aspektu kultúry. Nový Sad: Ústav pre kultúru vojvodinských Slovákov 2012. 400 s.; 2013. 407 s.) KREJČÍ, K.: Literatury a žánry v evropské dimenzi. Nejen česká literatura v zorném poli komparatistiky. Ed. M. Černý. Praha 2014. 664 s. KUCZYŃSKA, M. – STRADOMSKI, J. (eds.): Cyrylometodejski komponent kultury chrześcijańskej Słowian w regionie karpackim. Hystoria, tradycje, odwołania. Krakowsko-Wileńskie Studia Slawistyczne. Vol. 8. Kraków: Instytut Filologii Słowiańskiej UJ, Wydawnictwo «Scriptum», 2013. ВАРБОТ, Ж. Ж.: Исследования по русской и славянской этимологии. Москва – Санкт-Петербург: Нестор-История 2012. 648 s. Aktyvni resursy sučasnoji ukrajinsjkoji nominaciji: Ideohrafičnyj slovnyk novoji leksyky / Aktívne zdroje súčasnej ukrajinskej lexiky: Ideografický slovník novej lexiky. Zost. Je. A. Karpilovsjka, L. P. Kysľuk, N. F. Klymenko, V. I. Krytsjka, T. K. Puzdyrjeva, Ju. V. Romaňuk. Kyjiv: TOV „KMM“, 2013. 416 s. Neobvyklá encyklopédia (NEVRLÝ, M.: Encyklopédia ukrajinskej literatúry a kultúry. Sládkovičovo 2014, 478 s.) Zo správy o činnosti v Slavistickom ústave Jána Stanislava SAV za rok 2014 Zo zasadnutia Slovenského komitétu slavistov a prípravného výboru Druhého kongresu slovenských slavistov

The Concept of Meditation in Descartes and Leibniz

Pojam meditacije kod Descartesa i Leibniza

Author(s): Dragan Prole / Language(s): / Issue: 01-02/2014

Keywords: René Descartes; Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz; Meditation; erste Philosophie; Gewißheit

Aufgrund des Begriffs der Meditation besteht der Verfasser darauf, die gesamte ontologische Wende Leibniz’s im Gegensatz zu Descartes zu erfassen. Obwohl der ursprüngliche Zweck der Meditation gebunden war an den Weg der inneren Transformation der jedem Gläubigen bevorsteht, war der einzige ontische Boden an den sich Descartes Meditationen anlehnten, mein Ego. Dies bedeutet, dass das meditierende Subjekt nicht mehr gläubig sein müsste. Der entscheidende Schritt der Meditationen Descartes’ setzte sich insofern in ihrer prinzipiellen Orientierung aus abstrakten Wahrheiten der ersten Philosophie zusammen. Bei Leibniz’s Bestimmung der Meditation erkennen wir, dass die Meditation nicht ausgerichtet ist auf die Reflexion der Cogitationes, die sich im aktuellen, bewussten Leben herausstellen. Vielmehr schließt das Meditieren über den Entwurf die Möglichkeit der Trennung des cogito vom cogitatum aus, was bedeutet, dass die Prinzipien einer Realität nicht von den Prinzipien der Perzeption dieser Realität unterschieden werden kann. Damit ermöglichte Leibniz, dass der Vernunft zum Prinzip aller Prinzipien wird. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit deutet der Verfasser darauf hin, dass Leibniz’s Theorie über kleine Wahrnehmungen voraussetzt, dass die Begierde für eine perfekte Wahrnehmung niemals befriedigt werden kann. Trotzdem stellt sich der Verlust einer absoluten Erkenntnis für die Subjektivität zugleich auch als Gewinn heraus, widergespiegelt in der eigenen Vitalität und Dynamik. Infolgedessen kann der Schluss gezogen werden, dass sich die Krone Leibniz’s Meditationen aus derjenigen These zusammensetzt, dass die Subjektivität aus den eigenen Grenzen hervorgeht, was wiederum bedeutet, dass die Quelle der Konstitution nicht erst aus der Macht der souveränen Selbstbestimmung hervorgeht, sondern aus der Konfrontation mit der eigenen Verneinung.

The dark side of the Scientific Revolution

The dark side of the Scientific Revolution

Author(s): Francesco Fiorentino / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: modern science;Bible;cardinal Bellarmino;Galilei;Isac Newton;Tommaso Campanella;cardinal Ratzinger;

This contribution investigates a hidden and surely singular – but far from marginal – aspect of the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, in other words the interpretation of the Holy Scriptures. First of all, this work analyzes the situation immediately before the advent of the fathers of the 17th Century Scientific Revolution like Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, starting from the Council of Trent. This reconstruction aims to throw light on the particular way that Galileo and Newton intended to approach the interpretation of the Holy Scriptures with respect to the main tendencies of the Catholic Reformation of biblical hermeneutics. Their way is important both in itself and in relation to the Scientific Revolution. In itself because Galileo and Newton elaborate original theories that are not entirely in agreement with the predominant views and that are decidedly no less interesting than their pure scientific theories. In relation to the Scientific Revolution because the interpretation of the Holy Scriptures is addressed in an original fashion by both Galileo and Newton, also with the intent of facilitating the spread and approval of their own scientific theories in their respective socio-cultural environments. The primacy of nature is not manifested only in contrast to and outside the book of Scriptures, but conditions the Book of Scriptures, locating it within a precise cultural perspective and religious sense that are by no means contrary to Galileo and Newton’s views.

Heritage Management – Managing What?

Zarządzanie dziedzictwem – czyli czym?

Author(s): Michał Murzyn / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: theory of culture; theory of heritage; heritage management; intangible cultural heritage

Heritage management must begin by defining what is “heritage”. In this paper the author tries to find the best way to understand this term. The heritage is presented in relationship with culture. After analyzing the most popular culture definition and referring to the achievements of Polish theorists in this field, the author presents this problem as a process. The idea or value changes its character from the intangible form to become materialized in nature. Culture is the process of broadcasting. Heritage is the reverse of this process, and it uses the material elements (e.g. buildings, pictures) and forms of transmission (e.g. profession, works, painting, playing music) to find ideas or values. This perspective changes the image of heritage to portray it only as management of historic preservation. Heritage management in this approach needs to shift focus from the material to the intangible – to the spiritual and social dimensions.

Ὁμόγλωττοι παρὰ μικρον?

Ὁμόγλωττοι παρὰ μικρον?

Author(s): Antonio Panaino / Language(s): English / Issue: 22/2015

Keywords: Multilingualism and communication; Iranian languages; Achaemenian Empire; Sogdian and Bactrian

This article analyses the historical and linguistic implications that emerge from a very famous passage preserved by Strabo (XV, 2, 8 [C 724]), but probably belonging to Eratosthenes’ Geographika, which states that Persians, Medes, Bactrians and Sogdians would “speak approximately the same language, with but slight variations” (εἰσὶ γάρ πως καὶ ὁμόγλωττοι παρὰ μικρόν). This assumption is untenable, because even before Eratosthenes’ time the Iranian languages were well distinguished. The suggested homoglossia should be explained in political terms, as the result of a practical diffusion of a variety of Old Persian in the army and in the satrapal administration. In the framework of a socio-linguistic and ethno-linguistic analysis of the historical situation attested in the Persian Empire, this study also tackles the problem of the meaning to be attributed to the word arya- in a linguistic context, as that of § 70 of Bisutun inscription. This terminology is discussed not only in connection with the one attested in the recently discovered Rabatak Inscription, but also with the documentation preserved in the Khotanese Book of Zambasta 23, 4–5, and – outside of the strictly Iranian milieu – in the Aitareya Āraṇyaka III, 2, 5.With regard to the frequently claimed homoglossia, this study concludes that any description of the linguistic semi-unity of the Iranian ethne, or only of the North-Eastern Iranian ones, is a dream, and, as far as we know about the linguistic history of these peoples, not only a conclusion insufficiently grounded, but a highly improbable linguistic mirage. A “permafrosted” Irano-Aryan still spoken by all the Iranians as a sort of “Esperanto” ante litteram has no historical basis, nor does the idea that arya- was the name of a still preserved “common language,” if this expression should be interpreted as a surviving unifying archaic jargon of all the Iranians (and not a practical Western Iranian koiné, imposed by the Old Persian authorities as a comfortable medium). The “Aryan” linguistic identity thus assumed other, fully historical, implications, although it was based on a tradition, partly original and derived by an ancestral cultural heritage, partly invented, especially in its socio-linguistic and sociopolitical implications, as normally happens when power and its legitimacy are strongly involved.

The Problems of Forming an Ecclesiastical Administration in the Czech Lands in the Early Middle Ages

Problémy formování církevní správy v českých zemích v raném středověku

Author(s): David Kalhous / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Přemyslids – ecclesiastical organization; Central Europe; parishes; centralization of power; churches

The study summarizes the development of ecclesiastical organizations in the Czech lands before1200, taking into account the wider European context. The author first draws attention tothe difficulties associated with the number and character of the preserved sources. Then heproblematizes the traditional notion of ecclesiastical dignitaries as mere servants of the duke,confronting the question of tithes and examining evidence of the activity of the archdeaconsand archpriests. In conclusion, he focuses on the question of building the parish organizationand subscribes to the notion that this was not a centrally controlled activity, but rather a localinitiative, although supported by the bishop.

Contemporary problems of education in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship

Współczesne problemy edukacji w województwie świętokrzyskim

Author(s): Bartosz Jarosiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 19/2010

The author presents educational problems in świętokrzyskie voivodship after the reform of the national education system on the threshold of XXI century. The article presents the problems of various levels of education in the region, which is thought to be the region of the complex problems of transformation. In the conditions of systemic and structural changes the heavy industry collapsed, mainly the munitions which gave people a mass employment. The village also overcomes the problems resulting from overpopulation and fragmented farms. In this situation, the society of the region is seeing its new opportunities in the educational development and notes in this area significant positive changes giving the hope for a major civilization breakthrough.

Problems in the Świętokrzyskie rural civilization in the early XXI century

Problemy cywilizacyjne wsi świętokrzyskiej w początkach XXI wieku

Author(s): Janusz Jarosiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 19/2010

The author presents the results the Activation of Rural Areas Program/ ARAP/ of socio-economic transformation within the rural areas Świętokrzyski Region. A clear disadvantage of rural areas of Świetokrzyski region is a small average size of individual farms. The ARAP , which is directly addressing problems of rural areas showed some potential. After the factual assessment of analysis, employment was found for seamstresses, accountants and butchers etc. ARAP effectively responded to the needs for news professions and qualifications of young people having varied levels of general education. The existing Continuing Education system, should in the Świętokrzyski region educate peoples demanded by new profession and it should be developed in cooperation with employers and local state employment agencies.

Autonomy of local communities from the perspective of Roman law and modern normative solutions

Autonomia społeczności lokalnych z perspektywy prawa rzymskiego i współczesnych rozwiązań normatywnych

Author(s): Bronisław Sitek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: local government law; local autonomy; Roman law; city; colonies; communes

The subject of the study is to present the concept of local autonomy from a historical and comparative perspective. The work will analyze the provisions of Roman law and Polish law. The work also includes references to the solutions in other selected legal systems. The basic assumption of the author is to accept the hypothesis that the autonomy of ancient municipalities was much wider than today. This was undoubtedly due to a different concept of the state.

ROLE OF RESPONSA BY ROMAN JURISTS IN DISPUTATIO FORENSIS OF ROMAN CIVIL COMMUNITY DURING V-I BC

РОЛЯТА НА RESPONSA НА РИМСКИТЕ ЮРИСТИ В DISPUTATIO FORENSIS В РИМСКАТА ГРАЖДАНСКА ОБЩИНА ПРЕЗ V–I В. ПР.Н.Е.

Author(s): Leonid Kofanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: responsa; jurisprudentia; res publica; contiones; disputatio forensis; Pomponius

The article notes that according to Pomponius after the year 280 BC due to Tiberius Coruncanius Roman jurists began to give answers publicly on the Roman forum. The same Pomponius says about the custom of jurists discuss the Law in the forum, which existed already in the V century BC. These public discussion of the law projects, of candidates for magistratus and judicial incidents took place at three folk gatherings (contiones) in the period of trinundinum - three market days or «30 legitimate days» (XXX iusti dies), specially allocated for such a discussion. Roman jurists on such contiones gave their concerted answers which have the force of law. In the archaic period these were the answers of priests (pontiffs, augurs and fezials), in whose hands was the whole law. In the II-I centuries BC. in connection with the development of secular jurisprudence, the role of the plebeian tribunes guide discussions on folk gatherings and, accordingly, of the plebeian jurists - Roman horsemen – was increased. The author also notes that the most important information about disputatio forensis of jurists contained in the treatises of Cicero and Quintilian about the oratory. In conclusion, a conclusion is made that the Roman jurisprudence developed not in the quiet of libraries and offices of scientists, but in stormy discussions of the Roman forum.

Prof., Ph.D. Wacław Uruszczak. 50 years of scientific work

Profesor dr hab. Wacław Uruszczak. 50 lat pracy naukowej

Author(s): Zdzisław Zarzycki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Prof., Ph.D. Wacław Uruszczak; scientifik work;

Profesor Wacław Uruszczak od szeregu lat redaguje „Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa”, a także uczestniczy w pracach komitetów redakcyjnych i rad naukowych wielu czasopism, m.in. „Krakowskich Studiów Prawniczych” (1984– 1990), „Czasopisma Prawno-Historycznego” (1988–2017), „Studiów z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego”, „Przeglądu Prawa Wyznaniowego” oraz „Studiów z Prawa Wyznaniowego”.

Some Remarks on Topicality of Socratic Ethics at a Time of Processes of Globalisation

KIlka uwag o aktualności etyki Sokratejskiej w dobie procesów globalizacji

Author(s): Sebastian Śpiewak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 40/2021

Keywords: Socrates; globalisation; ethics; dialectics; elenchos;

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this paper is to consider the topicality of the Socratic ethical project in the context of the current debate on the problems and threats of globalisation processes. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The idea that there is any kind of compatibility between Socrates’ thought and the challenges brought on by globalisation, which seem to go far beyond the scope of his considerations, may be regarded as problematic. To give plausibility to this idea, a comprehensive research method will be used, which will combine the following aspects: a historical and philosophical analysis of accounts of Socrates’ life and teaching; a contextual analysis to reveal the historical and cultural background of Socratic ethics. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: An outline of Socrates’ dialecti cal method in its negative aspect as well as the historical and cultural context of his philosophy are given. The aporetic and elenctic elements of his method can be regarded as offering a third path for an ethics that wants to avoid the two extreme positions present not only in his own epoch but also today: 1) an uncritical trust in tradition, leading to the conviction about the power of one’s own values and the right to impose them on others; and 2) relativism, denying the possibility of any universal approach to morality. RESEARCH RESULTS: The critical project of Socrates philosophy was sup posed to be a remedy to ethical problems regardless of historically changing conditions in which those problems were formulated. However, the negative dimension of the Socratic method is a considerable obstacle if we want to apply this form of philosophical discussion in a world like ours, where fundamental cultural differences play a significant role. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Further research on the applicability of Socratic ethics in the context of globalisation is required. Future considerations should focus on anthropological and, above all, pedagogical dimensions of Socrates’ philosophy.

Review

Recenzje

Author(s): Włodzimierz Olszaniec,Liliana Lewandowska,Dorota Dremierre,Anna Grześkowiak-Krwawicz,Barbara Przybyszewska-Jarmińska,Małgorzata Mieszek,Mathias Roick,Paweł Rutkowski / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2021

Private Library of the Zadar Scholar Šimun Ljubavac and the Reading Culture in a 17th-Century Dalmatian City

Privatna knjižnica zadarskoga učenjaka Šimuna Ljubavca i kultura čitanja u jednom dalmatinskom gradu 17. stoljeća

Author(s): Filip Novosel / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 62/2022

Keywords: 17th century; Venetian Republic; Dalmatia; Zadar; Šimun Ljubavac; private libraries; books;

Centuries-long connections between the two Adriatic coasts have resulted in vivid exchange of experiences, with cultural activity being one of their essential components. The aim of this paper is to use the specific aspect of culture consumption to see how cultural life in the city of Zadar, as the centre of the Venetian Province of Dalmatia and Albania, functioned in the mid-17th century, during the long Candian War (1645-1669), which proved exhausting for both warring parties – the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire. Based on the reading habits of a prominent resident of Zadar, the wealthy nobleman and scholar Šimun Ljubavac (1608-1663), the paper discusses the intellectual preoccupations of the social elites in the Eastern Adriatic. As a lawyer, historian, and typical polymath of his time, Ljubavac owned a rich private library with some four hundred titles from various fields of sciences and arts, from ancient to modern authors. An inventory of his library was put together after his death and is today preserved in the State Archive in Zadar. Although such inventories are rare, which hinders a detailed comparative analysis, Ljubavac can be taken as a paradigmatic case to make conclusions about the extent to which Dalmatian scholars were able to follow the main trends in sciences and arts, which may help define the general role of the Eastern Adriatic among the cultural centres and peripheries of the Mediterranean and Europe during the given period.