4.50 €
Preview
Keywords: History; Forest Legislation; Transylvania
Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt nicht das Ziel, die Geschichte der Forstgesetzgebung Siebenbürgens lückenlos darzustellen, sondern versucht die bisher sehr verstreut veröffentlichten Daten zu diesem Thema zusammenzufassen, um einen geschlossenen Überblick zu gewähren. Die Einteilung des gesammelten Materials auf Zeitabschnitte erfolgte anhand bedeutender politischer Ereignisse für Siebenbürgen, die wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen auch auf die Nutzung des Waldes hatten.
More...
Keywords: postmodernism; ideologie; avangarde; Occident; Europa de Est
Lucrarea propune o evaluare a ideii postmoderne în accepţiunea sa iniţială, consacrată, în raport cu situaţia generată în estul Europei de restricţii ideologice. Faţă de situaţiile oferite de opere, modificări de conţinut şi atitudini, în acest context relevăm o „altfel” de artă care face obiectul disputelor uneori aprinse în jurul conceptului, al pasajului pe care-l examinăm. Stimulaţi de relaţia artei din ultimele decenii din România în raport cu acest concept, am folosit sursele care i-au dat naştere şi am făcut o analiză în lucrarea „Ideea Postmodernă. Tendinţe în artele vizuale din România”. Întrucît concluzia finală nu e lipsită de riscuri, sunt necesare completări suplimentare din perspectiva contextului regional, motivate de asemănări şi deosebiri. Prezenta lucrare evoluează începînd cu examinarea condiţiilor în care s-a născut şi implicit a definiţiilor particulare. Desfăşurarea, istoria, originea sa occidentală, particula-rităţile din estul ideologizat, creează o ţesătură complexă, fapt pentru care expunem interpretările apărute, posibilele erori asociate instrumentelor de lucru distincte de caracteristicile postmodernismului.
More...
Keywords: Erinnerungsorte; Sakralen ; Profanen
»Erinnerungsorte« nach Pierre Nora sind Zwitterorte.1 Sie liegen zwischen dem Sakralen und Profanen; sie sind »dicht gesponnen aus Leben und Tod«; sie sind Repräsentationen kollektiver Wahrnehmungen und Bewertungen, sind Ausdruck der jeweils herrschenden Macht und Vergegenwärtigung kollektiver Identitäten. Der Erinnerungsort Heldenplatz ist obsessiv von einem Ereignis besetzt. Am 15. März 1938 meldete der»Führer und Kanzler der deutschen Nation und des Reiches«, Adolf Hitler, hoch vom Balkon der Neuen Hofburg her, »vor der deutschen Geschichte« - jenem übernatürlichem Wesen, das mit der »Vorsehung« verschmolz - den Eintritt seiner Heimat in das Deutsche Reich. Die nationalen Sehnsüchte des 19. Jahrhunderts schienen erfüllt. Der Strom der österreichischen Geschichte mündete, so schien es, in den Hauptstrom der deutschen Geschichte.
More...
Keywords: iconicity; Charles Peirce; homomorphism; Euler diagram; Venn diagram; logic diagram; linear diagram; Leibniz; line of identity; notation; naturalness; formalization;
Th e most familiar scheme of diagrams used in logic is known as Euler’s circles. It is named aft er the mathematician Leonhard Euler who popularized it in his Letters to a German Princess (1768). Th e idea is to use spaces to represent classes of individuals. Charles S. Peirce, who made significant contributions to the theory of diagrams, praised Euler’s circles for their ‘beauty’ which springs from their true iconicity. More than a century later, it is not rare to meet with such diagrams in semiotic literature. They are often offered as instances of icons and are said to represent logic relations as they naturally are. This paper discusses the iconicity of Euler’s circles in three phases: first, Euler’s circles are shown to be icons because their relations imitate the relations of the classes. Then, Euler’s circles themselves, independently of their relations to one another, are shown to be icons of classes. Finally, Euler’s circles are shown to be iconic in the highest degree because they have the relations that they are said to represent. The paper concludes with a note on the so-called naturalness of Euler’s circles.
More...Keywords: Leadership; Leadership Development Programs; Leadership Effectiveness; Cross Cultural Understanding; High-Context Culture;
The interest in leadership continues to grow over the past few decades. Leadership Development Programs (LDPs) have become a priority for all sectors, especially for the public sector. However, LDPs tend to be based on Western leadership theories, and predominantly utilize Western leadership development approaches, and do not consider the influence of national culture in their utilization, namely high-context cultures, as exists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This exploratory study focuses on elucidating leadership conceptualizations among Emirati leaders identifying their perceptions of the factors that impact on LDPs and leadership outcomes in the UAE public sector. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 leaders from three Dubai government organisations and data were analyzed using NVivo 10. The significance of the findings of the study are: (1) leadership conceptualizations were based on the common themes of inspiring others and communication, (2) mentoring and coaching were noted to be among the best mechanisms utilized in LDPs, (3) leadership challenges included access to financial resources, adapting to ‘smart’ government, and building and retention of leaders– hence the need for effective LDPs. The study provides a unique and significant contextual contribution highlighting improvement in opportunities for leadership development programs in the UAE public sector.
More...
Keywords: Robert Wilson; aesthetic of the dramatic figures; theatre of images; slow motion
Büchner’s drama Leonce and Lena becomes in the vision of Robert Wilson something in between a theatrical performance and a musical production, where two main aesthetic components occur: sound and visual component on the one side, composition of the dramatic figure on the other side. The dramatic figures move during the performance like “automates” resembling the Über-Marionette concept of Craig, the bodies revealing the specific Wilsonian slow motion rhythm, generating a kind of human-pictures, always present in his so called “theatre of images”.
More...
Keywords: grammatical phrases; language history; lexis; Lutheran hymns; morphological categories; runosong; written versus oral culture; word frequency;
In the eighteenth century, songs of two essentially different types of culture were present in the repertory of the Estonian-speaking community: folksongs and hymns. The old tradition of folksongs (regilaul or runosong) representing the indigenous oral culture was still alive. At the same time, since the sixteenth century, more and more elements of European (Christian) written culture had penetrated into the mental world of Estonians. The structures of literary language (and thinking based on written texts in a broader sense) were transferred into Estonian mainly by means of translations of ecclesiastical literature. For certain socio-historical reasons, influences of literacy may have mainly reached Estonians through the translations of Lutheran hymns, which became especially popular in the eighteenth century. This was the century in which structures of indigenous oral culture and those of European written culture probably still functioned in the mental world of Estonians separately from each other. Only in the nineteenth century the two sets fused into literary Estonian, and the modern Estonian culture was born. In order to understand the mechanics of the genesis of modern Estonian, the present article juxtaposes the sublanguages representing the situation in the eighteenth century (prior to the fusion). The text-corpora of folksongs and Lutheran hymn translations are analysed on lexical, morphological, and morphosyntactical levels.
More...
Keywords: Leibniz; monadology; characteristica univeralis; mind-body problem; harmonia praestabilita;
The article overviews some of philosophical contributions Leibniz’s to metaphysics and the philosophy of language: the communication of the monads, the total knowledge, and the issue of harmonia praestabilita in the context of language.
More...
Keywords: medieval kings; visual representations; national narratives; historical imagery; cultural memory; Poland; Hungary; Bohemia;
The popular early modern catalogues of rulers proliferated literary and visual representations of the shared Polish, Bohemian and Hungarian medieval kings that were specific and intelligible to a particular kingdom’s political community. The article examines the dissimilar images of the two last Přemyslid kings, Wenceslas II (1271-1305) and Wenceslas III (1289-1306), as well as of Louis of Anjou (1326-1382) and Sigismund of Luxembourg (1368-1437), the perception of whom differed along political lines. The textual and iconographic analyses of the corpus of 25 catalogues, written by Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Austrian and German authors of four different denominations, demonstrate that the representations of the shared kings, even if colored by current agendas and the changing interests and expectations of their readers, remained virtually unchanged throughout the centuries. The cohesion of their representations resulted from the selection and use of a limited number of sources and models, namely medieval chronicles (in the case of texts), and royal seals or other official royal representations (in the case of images), closely connected and relevant to the particular political communities. In the cases when stylistic features had changed and adjustments had been introduced into the iconography of the royal insignia and heraldic programs, the faces depicted in the catalogues, which were well known to the particular community, remained the same. The popularity and omnipresence of the catalogues in early modern East Central Europe facilitated the broad internalization of the kings’ lives and likenesses and supported the differentiation of historical memory and national narratives in the kingdoms of Poland, Bohemia and Hungary, which still resonate in the popular knowledge of Poles, Czechs and Hungarians about these kings today.
More...
Keywords: colonate; Elbe; Germans; Historia Augusta; Klaus-Peter Johne; Prosopographia Imperii Romani; prosopography; Tacitus (emperor)
This is a detailed discussion of the volume of collected studies of the wellknown classicist Klaus-Peter Johne which was published in 2007. It offers a summary of the individual papers, a discussion of their contents, and several additions to the list of publications, which is a useful bibliographical tool. Together with a short assessment of Johne’s contributions in the context of the scholarship of the German Democratic Republic, some general methodical remarks are offered on the concept of a volume of collected studies.
More...
Keywords: composer; life; biography; family; employment;
This article summarises the results of the latest research focused on the biography of the Slovak composer Tadeáš Salva (1937–1995). Salva is regarded as one of the most important figures in Slovak music in the second half of the 20th century. The research draws upon hitherto unpublished works, verifying the existing facts and presenting new information on the composer’s life. Tadeáš Salva was born in the village of Lúčky, where he spent his childhood and derived his first musical inspirations. During his music studies in Žilina, Bratislava and Katowice, and following their conclusion, Salva worked in various positions in institutions in Dolný Kubín, Liptovský Hrádok, Martin, Košice, Bratislava and Nitra. He died at the age of 57 in circumstances which have never been clarified. He is buried in his native village, on the plot belonging to his work studio, close to the family home.
More...
Keywords: Federal Republic of Germany (FRG); German Democratic Republic (GDR); opinion polls; Federal Intelligence Service (BND)
After the establishment of the GDR, West German researchers began to study the politicaland social attitude of GDR citizens, and the processes that were taking place there.Due to the changes taking place in the GDR and the difficulties in conducting direct observations,it was decided to take non-standard actions, and to develop special proceduresthat combined direct survey research with indirect research. At the lead of this theresearch efforts were two institutions: Infratest – Markt- und Meinungsforschungsinstitutfrom Monachium and Bundesnachrichtendienst (Federal Intelligence Service). Amongother things, they studied the reactions to current events: for example, for top-level visits, and in particular FRG-DGR contacts, citizens’ identification with the East German state, restrictionsand facilities in traveling to FRG, as well as the assessment of the economic situationof GDR citizens.
More...
Keywords: perpetual peace; philosophical project; politics and philosophy; theory and practice;
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is an analysis of Kant’s project of perpetual peace in point of view his philosophical and political concequences. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHOD: The main problem undertaken in this text is to show the role of theretical thinking (dreaming) and its political (real) implications. Immanuel Kant and his critical philosophy set a new path of philosophical reflection in modern times. In principle, philosophizing after Kant has been impossible without reference to his thought (whether in a positive or negative sense). Kant’s achievements also included political reflection. An important place in this reflection it seems to be to define the general purpose of humanity, which, according to Kant, is the pursuit of eternal peace. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article attempts to describe Kant’s peaceful project from the perspective of the problem of its feasibility. This issue reveals the fundamental problem of reflection on politics, that is, relating theory to practice. RESEARCH RESULTS: Philosophy is purely intellectual speculation whose ideas relate to the practice of political life. In this context, one can consider whether the “dreams” of theoretician philosophers have any application in the practical (real) world. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The conclusions attempt to show the priority of theoretical reflection over the practical implementation of political concepts in social life. Kant as a philosopher shows that the ideas and various goals facing man and society make sense only as a priori postulates that become real goals to accomplish.
More...
Keywords: food discourse; restaurant reviews; corpus linguistics; keywords; multi-word terms; lexical bundles
This paper presents a corpus linguistic analysis of recurrent vocabulary and phraseology in written English food discourse. More specifically, it focuses on the use and discourse functions of keywords, key multi-word terms and lexical bundles in a specialized corpus comprising 200 professional restaurant reviews that were published in online editions of selected British and American newspapers. The results of the study indicate that the most distinctive lexical feature of the analyzed texts is the frequent mention of ingredients and the limited presence of stance devices. The most frequently mentioned aspects of the referential content also show that what is evaluated is the total experience of eating and dining at a restaurant. These findings contribute to the area of English for Specific Purposes, offering pedagogical potential that can be exploited when developing purpose-made teaching materials for students in food-related programs who need to learn the specialized vocabulary of their target profession.
More...
Keywords: Leibniz; substance; substantial forms; soul; body; Aristotle; Thomas Aquinas;
In this paper, I deal with the issue realityfiction from the following perspective: substantial forms appear in some of Leibniz's writings as a part of a substantial whole, and in others as the whole as such; more precisely, the souls is both the form and the substance. In the first part of the paper, I give an historical presentation, in the second and third parts, I focus on the influence that Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas had on Leibniz, and in the last part, I will present, briefly, a solution for the problem I raised in the beginning of the study.
More...
Keywords: Octavia Estelle Butler; Parable of the Sower; ecocriticism; ecofeminism; eco-apocalypse
More...
Keywords: Capidava; Topalu; milliarium; Moesia inferior; limes; Aurelian; Carpi; Scythia; Dobrudja;
The article is focused on the 2nd to 4th century milestones recorded by archaeological excavations at Capidava and within a range not exceeding 15 miles, as the crow flies. Our inquiry pinpointed several finds from Dorobanțu, Seimenii Mari, Capidava and the nearby Topalu (10 pillars), set up on the occasion of the road construction works under emperors Hadrian (?), Antoninus Pius and Septimius Severus, Aurelian, by the Tetrachs and, finally, during Constantine. One should highlight the find cluster of Aurelian’s milliaria in the area Topalu – Capidava (3 out of 10 referred supra, comparable in Moesia Inferior only to the situation from around Sexaginta Prista). Considering that unusual clustering, as well as all archaeological pieces of evidence we have for now on the begining of the general reconstruction of the castellum at Capidava under Aurelian and Probus, at the end of the bellum Scythicum, one might rightly infer a local major event. To such an interpretation, a well-known building inscription (Bauinschrift, CIL III 12456 = ISM IV 88) from Durostorum honored Aurelian for bringing the city back to its former splendour (in pristinam splendorem restituta). The inscription was equally and prominently set into one wall to the memory of the war against the Carpi, somewhere inter Carsium et Sucidavam. But what if Capidava and the area around it had actually to do with those fierce battles?
More...
Keywords: Education; genealogy of reason; dignity; vocation; cheerfulness of the heart
In this paper I will focus on education as the core function of reason in Kant and Fichte. The notion of reason carries an intrinsic tendency to universality, which is difficult to be reconciled with its local (cultural, historical, anthropological) background and actualisation. I believe that the stress on the importance of learning, which can be seen in the works of both Kant and Fichte, might provide useful clues to approaching the relation between universality and particularity. I will start by focusing on Kant’s narration on the genealogy of human reason in the Conjectural Beginning of Human History, and then move on to the critical writings and selected lectures in order to focus on the role of human dignity and ethical education for the moral appraisal and the practice of virtue. Later, I will consider Fichte’s lectures on the Vocation of the Scholar, the Vocation of Man and The Characteristics of the Present Age, which are crucial to understanding the social, ethical and political role of the scholar. For Fichte, education is the best instrument to eradicate selfishness, regarded as a historical phenomenon which can lead a nation to ruin. I will then provide some conclusions concerning the two accounts and their implications.
More...