Search results for: Gerhardt Csejka in All Content

The Honesty of the Humanities in Face of a Catastrophe

Честността на хуманитаристиката в лицето на катастрофата

Author(s): Nishiyama Yuji / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1-2/2014

Keywords: catastrophe; human sciences; March 11; 2011; Fukushima; nuclear power; Albert Camus; honesty;

In 2011 Japanese society suffered a triple catastrophe, unprecedented in history: an earthquake, a tsunami, and a nuclear power accident. The etymology of the word "catastrophe" comes from the Greek word for "turn", and we may well say that the date March 11 indeed marked a great turn for Japanese society. Faced with this disaster, researchers in the natural and social sciences were able to provide concrete and effective help. But in such a situation, what kind of scientific contribution can be expected from the human sciences, which study man's spiritual activity? The critical situation is a time for a fundamental rethinking of the concept and reality of all boundaries, now laid bare - those between man and nature, man and civilization, man and history. The author proposes a reflection on the representations, concept and thought of catastrophe, a reflection carried out primarily through the prism of literary and philosophical texts.

Agent-Principal Problem in Financial Distribution

Agent-zákazník problém v distribuci finančních produktů

Author(s): Jiří Šindelář,Petr Budinsky / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: agent-principal problem; adverse selection; financial intermediation and advice; investment funds;unit-linked life insurance contracts;

The paper deals with the agent-principal problem (adverse selection) in the distribution of investment products. Utilising data from the Czech financial market, a linear model with mixed effects was constructed, evaluating the relationship between remuneration of individual agents and quality-costs of the products they recommend. The results were structured for different organisational setups. We have found that in some less important environments from the market perspective (small and medium multi-level marketing networks, small and big pools, medium and big flat firms), there is a negative association between quality-cost of the contracted product and the amount of commission paid out to the agent. This indicates potential consumer detriment. In the majority of organisations dominating the industry, however, the direction of this relationship is positive in nature or statistically insignificant. Hence, the systemic potential for instigating the adverse selection was not detected in a major part of the market, bringing up regulatory implications in the conflict of interest and inducements area.

Filibuster in the appointment procedure of justices to the Supreme Court of the United States of America in the case of the most recent nomination

Filibuster w procedurze powoływania sędziów Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych na przykładzie ostatniej nominacji

Author(s): Izabela Kraśnicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: parliamentary obstruction; United States Senate; Supreme Court of the United States; judicial nominations

The aim of the article is to examine the Senate’s procedure in the appointment of the US Supreme Court justices, with special emphasis on the use of filibuster as a mechanism of blocking the presidentialnomination. The analysis seems significant in the context of the on-going debates concerning the judiciaryreforms in the European countries. The adopted hypothesis presumes that changes implemented in theSenate procedure during the last attempts to fill the vacancy after the death of one of the justices in 2016,have disturbed the established traditions and have significantly weakened and dangerously politicised theprocedure.

What is a World? Deception, Possibility, and the Uses of Fiction from Cervantes to Descartes

What is a World? Deception, Possibility, and the Uses of Fiction from Cervantes to Descartes

Author(s): Justin E. H. Smith / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Descartes; Cervantes; world; possibility; deceiver;

In this short essay I will aim to show that literary fiction is consistently at the vanguard of the exploration of philosophical problems relating to the concept of world, while what we think of as philosophy, in the narrower sense, typically arrives late on the scene, picking up themes that have already been explored in literary texts that are explicitly intended as exercises of the imagination. I will pursue this argument with a sustained investigation of the shared aims and methods of Miguel de Cervantes and René Descartes.

Old Czech Summaries in Fifteenth-Century Bibles

Staročeské sumáře v biblích 15. století

Author(s): Kateřina Voleková / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 54/2019

Keywords: Old Czech; Bible; translation; summaries; biblical language; vocabulary;

This article focuses on some non-biblical texts accompanying Old Czech Bible translations in the Middle Ages. The oldest translation of the entire Bible into Old Czech, which comes from the 1350s, included a particular type of non-biblical texts: prefaces to biblical books. The following Old Czech revisions and new translations of the Bible were provided, to varying degrees, with other textual aids, such as the lists of Mass readings. In this paper, we focus on the so-called capitula, summaries of individual chapters of particular biblical books. In the Middle Ages, the capitula were an aid providing orientation in the text for the study of the Holy Writ in Latin. During the revision of the Czech biblical translation at the turn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, chapter summaries in Latin were also translated. However, they are only preserved in their entirety in one manuscript, the second volume of the Litoměřice-Třeboň Bible. Other Old Czech Bibles included biblical summaries only exceptionally and selectively; the Old Czech chapter summaries survived in nine biblical manuscripts, mainly before individual chapters of selected books of the Old Testament. They were primarily intended to familiarise readers with the content of the text. The biblical summaries deserve a critical edition and further research, especially for their Old Czech vocabulary, reflecting the formation of biblical language and style in the late Middle Ages.

Leibniz, Electress Sophia of Hanover and Disinterested Love

Leibniz, Zsófia hannoveri választófejedelemné és az érdek nélküli szeretet

Author(s): Markku Roinila / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: disinterested love; Fénelon; Bossuet; Leibniz

The topic of disinterested love became fashionable in 1697 due to the famous amour-pur-dispute between Fénelon and Bossuet. It soon attracted the attention of Electress Sophia of Hanover and she asked an opinion about the dispute from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. In this paper I will point out that Sophia was the catalyst for Leibniz’s effort to contextualize his views on the pure love controversy between Fénelon and Bossuet. I will discuss Leibniz’s 1697 letter to Sophia and compare his views on disinterested love to his earlier and later views on the matter. I will show that the controversy did not change his basic views on the matter although he explained the theme in a more theological style to Sophia. I will also discuss the consistency of Leibniz’s doctrine in the light of some recent articles and reflect briefly upon Sophia’s motives for asking Leibniz’s opinion on the controversy.

Reviews

Rezensionen

Author(s): Heiko Ullrich,Jakub Gortat,Beate Sommerfeld / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2020

Traversing Life and Thought: Gilbert Simondon’s Theory of Cyclic Imagination

Traversing Life and Thought: Gilbert Simondon’s Theory of Cyclic Imagination

Author(s): Kristupas Sabolius / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: imagination; milieu; potentiality; image; cycle; anticipation; symbolization; invention;

Simondon’s poorly examined theory of imagination reveals a number of interesting possibilities. On the one hand, by grounding the function of images within the idea of a cycle, it provides an attempt of reconciliation be- tween the assumptions that privilege either reproduction or creativity. On the other hand, his view might also be conceived as a serious alternative to various theoretical stances that characterize the problem of imagination strictly within a dichotomy between individual subject and social imaginaries. The paper proposes a reading of Simondon’s lectures given between 1965 and 1966 in Sorbonne in the broader context of his philosophy and outlines the role of imagination that exceeds imagining subject as well as establishing the mode of correlation with associated milieu, which performs the conditioning of its potentiality. Rejecting the primacy of representation, Simondon’s take enables one to draw the conclusion that imagination can be attributed to all living beings and conceived as the function of life.

The Communicative Network of Scientific Discourse

Комунікативна мережа наукового дискурсу

Author(s): Alla Petrivna Romanchenko,Tetjana Kovalevska,Maria Lvivna Druzhynets / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 01/2021

Keywords: Сommunicative strategy; communicative tactics; communicative role; scientific-linguistic discourse; linguistic personality;

The article considers the specifics of the communicative network of scientific discourse, which is based on the concept of Yu. Karaulov in relation to the structural organization of linguistic personality, where the pragmatic level is interpreted as the highest. Representation of the communicative needs and intentions of the addressant, verbalized through a number of strategies and tactics, is relevant for this level. // The aim of the research is to group communicative strategies and tactics of scientific discourse, highlight their es¬sence, explicate the main ways of expressing communicative intentions and determine communicative roles of a scientist during the scientific communication on the material of linguistic works of various genres, the authors of which are well-known Ukrainian linguists – representatives of two powerful linguistic schools (Kyiv school and Odesa school). The authors try to correlate the communicative roles of scientists with strategies. // The following methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis (theoretical generalizations and sys¬tematization of factual material), descriptive method (general characteristics of communication network), pragmatic analysis (identification and functiobal parametrization of strategies and tactics of a scientist, his/her roles), contextual-in¬terpretive analysis (detection of communicative intentions of a scientist), component analysis (semantic stereometry of the content of the statement). // The research proves, that the communicative roles of a scientist with the chosen strategies and tactics, which deter¬mine his/her communicative actions due to the repertoire of language means. The following communicative roles are de¬fined: researcher, innovator, organizer, mentor, critic, inspirer, member of society, citizen and esthete, which are realized through a set of research, evaluative and conceptual strategies. Eight communicative strategies are characterized, which are embodied in 38 communication tactics.

Tactics of Influence and Deinfluentization, Personality and the Personal Sense of Power Among Polish Managers

Tactics of Influence and Deinfluentization, Personality and the Personal Sense of Power Among Polish Managers

Author(s): Mateusz Paliga,Anita Pollak,Barbara Kożusznik / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: influence tactics; deinfluentization; personal sense of power; the Big Five; directiveness

Power in organizations creates interpersonal settings and lays the ground for designating individual roles and positions of superiors and subordinates. In such a context, influence tactics are situation-specific behaviors used to change the behavior of others and achieve organizational goals. The notion that power and influence can be based on personal or positional variables was used to design the framework of the present studies intended to describe how trait- and state-like variables are related to influence tactics and deinfluentization. The subjects were 250 Polish managers. Study 1 (n = 250) was undertaken to collect data about the influence tactics of Polish managers to fill the void in information in the field of social psychology in organizations. In Study 2 (n = 104) we correlated influence tactics with the personal sense of power. The results proved that the perception of having the ability to exert power over others was positively related to rational persuasion, apprising, and pressure. In Study 3 (n = 69) we investigated the relationships of influence tactics and deinfluentization with the Big Five and directiveness. The results showed that Neuroticism was positively correlated with pressure, legitimating, and coalition, but negatively with rational persuasion and consultation. Extraversion was positively correlated with rational persuasion, so was Conscientiousness. Agreeableness was negatively related to coalition. Directiveness was in a positive relation with pressure but correlated negatively with personal appeals. Deinfluentization positively correlated with Agreeableness and negatively with directiveness.

Niemiecka Republika Federalna jako azyl dla nazistowskich zbrodniarzy wojennych. Analiza wybranych aspektów ścigania i skuteczności karania

Niemiecka Republika Federalna jako azyl dla nazistowskich zbrodniarzy wojennych. Analiza wybranych aspektów ścigania i skuteczności karania

Author(s): KAJETAN HAMERLAK,Sabina Bober / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: German Federal Republicp; Auschwitz trial; judiciary

West Germany had to come to terms with its wartime past in order to function on the international arena. This topic was also widely commented on in Polish press. Poland, which was one of the countries most affected by the extermination policy of Nazi Germany, was inevitably interested in holding the Nazis accountable for their crimes. Moreover, the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland wanted German crimes to be exposed all the time. In this way, the topic of Soviet crimes was avoided. Hence, the theme of punishment for Nazi war crimes was often discussed in the press. Many articles emphasised the pathological system of prosecuting the Nazis in West Germany, pointing to the post-war careers of the war criminals. Reluctance to face the past, exhibited primarily by the older generation, was also emphasised. The young generation of Germans, untouched by the war past, was to strive for moral renewal. It should be stressed that the post-war trials concerned only a small number of actual criminals, and the penalties were often disproportionate to the crimes committed.

Investigating multilingual contexts in the Nigerian advertising space: A domain of intellectual stimulation

Investigating multilingual contexts in the Nigerian advertising space: A domain of intellectual stimulation

Author(s): Taofeek Olaiwola Dalamu / Language(s): English / Issue: 02 (29)/2020

Keywords: advertising; intellectualism; mood system; morphology; multilingual context;

This study examined advertising, exhibiting multilingual structures to reach the Nigerian audience. Halliday’s mood system and morphological processes served as the theoretical configurations for analyzing textual elements of advertisements. These contextual terminologies permitted quantitative and qualitative approaches to thrive in order to culminate the investigation. Thus, the analysis showed political motifs, religious spheres, royal domains, musical settings, and friendship environment, as the fascinating panaceas to motivate readers. English, Yorùbá, and Hausa languages were functional facilities to mesmerize consumers. However, the advertisements displayed textual interruptions: FEBUHARI, FELABRATION, OBIdiently, and ATIKUlating, being strong prerequisites in persuasive designs. Creativity indicates the logically-minded behavior of publicists in blending grammatical structures of different languages together, yielding a unified whole, generating novel semantic values for regurgitation. It seems indisputable that such textual constructs have the capability to influence lexicographers, increase word-stock(s) of languages, and projecting the advertising industry as possessing cerebral proficiencies in linguistics’ advancement.

Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy moderate effects of cognitive flexibility and entrepreneurial alertness on entrepreneurial intentions?

Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy moderate effects of cognitive flexibility and entrepreneurial alertness on entrepreneurial intentions?

Author(s): Shabeeb Ahmad Gill,Nelly Bencheva,Selçuk Karayel,Muhammad Usman / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: ond-order moderated mediation; model 15; user-defined estimand; robust one-shot model; new venture creation;

Objective: The objective of this article is to empirically investigate whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy moderates the effects of cognitive flexibility, entrepreneurial alertness on entrepreneurial intentions. It is based on social cognitive theory and person-environment fit theory; the present study aimed to identify the impact of cognitive flexibility, entrepreneurial alertness on entrepreneurial intention. Research Design & Methods: The sample of this study comprised 486 respondents from the public sector business schools of Pakistan. Data were gathered using a self-report administered questionnaire, and hypotheses were tested with structural equation modelling. Findings: The results supported the structured hypotheses of the study where cognitive flexibility positively predicts the conditional direct relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial intentions. Implications & Recommendations: Our study has some practical implications for the researcher, educationist, and policymakers who are directly and indirectly involved in enhancing the growth of entrepreneurship. Contribution & Value Added: A unique technique adopted to run a second-order moderated mediation model through AMOS v.26 in one-shot. This study contributes to the emerging research of cognitive psychology and entrepreneurship fields and concludes that individuals with a high level of cognitive flexibility, alertness, and self-efficacy are more inclined to pursue a career in entrepreneurship.

Formation of Professional Readyness of the Future Specialist

Formation of Professional Readyness of the Future Specialist

Author(s): Olha Humeniuk,Vasyl Humeniuk,Oksana Yefremova,Oksana Vasyuk,SERGIY YASHCHUK,Nataliia Nahorna / Language(s): English / Issue: 1Sup1/2021

Keywords: professional training; organizational and pedagogical conditions; junior specialist of dental profile; three-subject interaction; specialist's portfolio; contour model;

The article substantiates the content and develops a model of professional training of assistant dentist, as well as his educational and qualification characteristics and educational and professional program and, through experiment, introduced the training of such a specialist in seven higher medical schools in Ukraine.Theoretical concretization and experimental testing of organizational and pedagogical conditions of professional training of junior specialists of dental profile in the line of general requirements of the personal approach to the organization of process of professional training are carried out. Factor analysis of trends in the development of education and environmental systems and analysis of the experience of professional training of auxiliary specialists in the field of dentistry abroad revealed the conditionality and necessity of professional training in Ukraine for junior dentists.The organizational and pedagogical conditions that will ensure the effectiveness of professional training of a dental assistant in a higher medical educational institution, namely: the system of three-subject interaction of the educational institution, the student as a future specialist and potential employer and pedagogical opportunities for self-realization of the student as a subobject of his/her own professional training.Through the experiment, the effectiveness of the introduction of organizational and pedagogical conditions for the professional training of an assistant dentist was proved. During the study, the experimental group eventually rethought the “object” of its activities and crossed the previously opaque boundaries between medical care and student supervision for the benefit of all parties.

John Paul II’s Gamble with ‘the Meaning of Life’

John Paul II’s Gamble with ‘the Meaning of Life’

Author(s): Joshua P. Hochschild / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: John Paul II; meaning of life; existentialism; personalism;

One of John Paul II’s remarkable innovations was his embrace of the question of “the meaning of life.” The question of “the meaning of life” was never asked before the 19th century, and it was slow to be integrated into Catholic discourse. When the question of life’s meaning emerged, it effectively replaced a prior question, about the purpose or telos of life, with a very different set of theoretical assumptions. From the traditional perspective, the question of life’s meaning is highly suspicious, and even Pope John Paul II’s unparalleled embrace of the question confirms that he framed his personalism in terms of the older question of life’s purpose or telos.

The Use of IT Tools in the Assessment and Development of Leadership Abilities

The Use of IT Tools in the Assessment and Development of Leadership Abilities

Author(s): Stanisław Stanek,Agnieszka Sabat / Language(s): English / Issue: 5 (85)/2019

Keywords: leadership; hiring; employment decision; psychometric systems; recruitment;

This paper aims to present the findings of research into the possibilities of deploying IT tools to support the assessment and development of leadership abilities. The research procedure consisted in an analysis of four case studies from the business and military sectors. The primary research methods were a case study analysis, participant observation, Development Centre, and a source literature analysis. Under individual case studies, the following techniques were applied: individual and group interviews, brainstorming, and role playing. The tools applied included psychometric software (Thomas International, Extended Disc, Thalento) and military simulators. The division of roles between man and computer was investigated throughout two processes: business problem solving in metallurgical and mining companies, and conceptual work on incorporating IT tools in the teaching activities of a military school. Another important dimension addressed by the paper is the development of talents in an organization, which is illustrated by a case study from the metallurgical sector. Given the increasing opportunities for IT applications in developing leadership potentials, the article also deals with the mechanisms for implementing IT tools in the areas being examined. Based on the research conducted, it is concluded that contemporary IT technologies have substantially enhanced the processes of testing and developing leadership abilities, but have not fully automated them. In the context of the authors’ research outcomes and based on an analysis of source literature, directions for further development are proposed.

Frequency of form and functions of the connective and in the narratives of preschool and early school-age children

Zastupljenost i funkcije konektora i u dječjem pripovjednom diskursu

Author(s): Sara Košutar,Gordana Hržica / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 91/2021

Keywords: children’s discourse; language acquisition; connective and semantic relations; Croatian;

And is the first and most frequent connective in the narrative development, as well as in the acquisition of complex syntax. Previous research within the form–function approach confirms that the connective and encodes different meanings in children’s discourse and thus serves as a major mechanism for the acquisition of new forms and meanings. In early narrative development, and is also used in the descriptive, picture–to–picture mode, the use of which is abandoned as children grow older. The present study aims to investigate differences in the frequency of form and functions of and in the narratives of preschool and early school-age children. Narrative samples of 120 children (30 of 4–, 6–, 8– and 10–years olds) were retrieved from the Croatian narrative corpus Frog, where are you?. Connectives from the corpus were classified according to the semantic relations they express (succession, simultaneity, cause, opposition) and their descriptive function. Differences were found in the proportions of the connective and in relation to the total number of communication units. The proportions of the connective and decrease with age such that they form an inverted U–curve. The semantic and descriptive functions of and also differ. The proportions of the connective and in sequential and causal meanings change with age in a way that mirrors the inverted U–curve, whereas the proportion of and in simultaneity shows stagnation, followed by a marked increase after the age of eight. Only early preschool children use the connective and to produce descriptions based on single pictures. Our results are consistent with previous studies that showed that early language devices for establishing relations in the discourse enable the acquisition of new forms and functions.

WHY DID RASKOLNIKOV KILL, ACTUALLY? 'MOTIVIROVKA' (RATIONALE) IN THE LIGHT OF PSYCHO-HISTORICAL MOTIVATION

Warum tötete Raskol’nikov eigentlich? Motivierung im Lichte einer psychohistorischen Motivation

Author(s): Nils Meier / Language(s): German / Issue: 38/2021

Keywords: Prestuplenie i nakazanie; Crime and Punishment; Marmeladov; Razumichin; Modern Era; Reality Principle; Psychology; Motive; Murder

This paper shows that the text of the novel Crime and Punishment places plot and characters in the context of a specific historical epoch. The epoch implies a specific psychological structure of the characters. One aspect of this psychological structure is singled out and demonstrated on the basis of its intra-fictional as well as its extra-fictional motivating effect. In this way, the old riddle of why Raskolnikov actually became a murderer is solved.

Wroclaw as the Leading Neurolinguistics Center at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries

Wroclaw as the Leading Neurolinguistics Center at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries

Author(s): Aneta Daniel / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2021

Keywords: Neurolinguistics; Breslau; linguistics; language disorders; Carl Wernicke

Pre-war Wroclaw was the prominent neurolinguistics center at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The achievements of Wernicke, his students and associates are well known worldwide; however, the contemporary context of the University of Wroclaw, archival details and evidence of memory, that is presented in this article, is crucial. The study on the human brain and its connection to languages can be found in the research conducted by German scientists such as professor doctor Carl Wernicke (1848–1905) and professor doctor Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915) before the Second World War at Breslau Universität, today known as the University of Wrocław. Many publications and papers published in pre-war Wrocław1 (Breslau) indicate that major discoveries took place in Wroclaw. The main objective of this research is to present, on the basis of archival documents, the group of neurologists and psychiatrists, the students of Carl Wernicke, who lived in the city and conducted their research on the brain. After Wernicke’s death, all of the students and assistants presented in the article took leading positions worldwide in conducting research on aphasia. Most of them continued Wernicke’s approach, while holding prominent university positions. The presented research may encourage other authors to carry out a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of the achievements of the Wrocław School of Neurolinguistics.

Capturing out gaze – the images that want to win us over

Zaskarbić spojrzenie – obrazy, które chcą nas zjednać

Author(s): Anna Kałuża / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 34/2020

Keywords: photograph; medium; painting; meta-picture; self-reference; emotion;

The aim of the article is to rethink the way in which images convince us to adopt the perspective of another, which is the image itself. Starting from W.J.T. Mitchell’s theory on the desire and subjectivity of images, and Gottfried Boehm’s theory of the imagery, I look at a photographic and narrative album of Gerhard Richter and Alexander Kluge. This turns to itself for self-presentative and self-referential purposes. However, they do not aim to explore the essence of their medium, but “drag” the viewer into or out of the performance. I analyse situations in which we are forced to transfer our gaze to the materiality and objectivity of a picture, to its own existence. Such situations reinforce the effect of compassion, going far beyond literal meanings and content, which can be managed discursively.