Search results for: Reiss in All Content

Laryngeal realism and laryngeal relativism: Two voicing systems in Polish?

Laryngalny realizm i laryngalny relatywizm: Dwa systemy dźwięczności w języku polskim?

Author(s): Eugeniusz Cyran / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: voicing; phonological representation; phonetic interpretation; sandhi phonology; laryngeal realism; laryngeal relativism

This paper argues against the ‘what you see is what you get’ bias in laryngeal phonology. It contains a new analysis of voicing in modern Polish, which incorporates phonetic interpretation into representation based phonology, and which assumes that the relation between the two aspects of sound systems is largely arbitrary. It is demonstrated that Polish in fact possesses two opposite laryngeal systems, corresponding to its two major dialects and yielding virtually identical phonetic facts, except for the phenomenon of Cracow sandhi voicing.

Zbyněk Fišer: Překlad jako kreativní proces. Teorie a praxe funkcionalistického překládání (book review)

Zbyněk Fišer: Překlad jako kreativní proces. Teorie a praxe funkcionalistického překládání (recenze)

Author(s): Jaroslav Špirk / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 6/2012

Keywords: Fišer Zbyněk

Zbyněk Fišer: Překlad jako kreativní proces. Teorie a praxe funkcionalistického překládání. Brno, Host 2009. 320 stran.

From Solidarity as a Basis of Intergenerational Family Relations to Ambivalence and Negotiating

Od solidarity jako základu intergeneračních vztahů v rodině k ambivalenci a vyjednávání

Author(s): Dana Sýkorová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 04/2006

Keywords: intergenerational family relations; theories of the family support; intergenerational solidarity; intergenerational ambivalence; gerontosociology

The author deals with the issue of family relationships and the exchange of help and support within a family. She analyses the development of theoretical studies of this problem in Western sociology in the past ten years. The article is linked to a previous article the author published in the Czech Sociological Review in 1996, in which she summarised the preceding decade. This time the article is not conceived as a ‘classical’ survey, but instead the author deliberately selects and presents the approaches, perspectives, theories and concepts of relational support in order to identify the main feature of theoretical development in the given period, which in the author’s opinion is a tendency to try to overcome the still strong influence of the theory of structural functionalism and its normative concept of relationships between family generations. The logical framework of the analysis is formed by a confrontation between the model of intergenerational solidarity and the alternative concept of ambivalence that is currently asserting itself. In the article the author also refers to the results of her empirical research and links them to the concept of ambivalence in relation to interpretative sociology.

TRANSLATING GERMAN BUSINESS TEXTS - A CASE OF STUDY

DAS ÜBERSETZEN VON DEUTSCHEN WIRTSCHAFTSTEXTEN - EINE FALLSTUDIE

Author(s): Sebastian Chirimbu,Anca Dejica-Carțiș / Language(s): German / Issue: 7/2014

Keywords: Business German; theoretical perspective; text analysis; linguistic analysis; translation strategy; professional translator

To deal with various translation problems which may occur during the translation of economic texts, the translation needs to use specific translation strategies and methods. In the present paper, we focus on and discuss different translation problems students encounter when translating business and economic texts during German translation seminars. Problems and solutions under discussion include those related to text comprehension and text production, in particular linguistic and cultural equivalence.

Is The Process Of Democratization The Mean For A Peaceful World? A Critical Analysis Of The Democratic Peace Theory

Is The Process Of Democratization The Mean For A Peaceful World? A Critical Analysis Of The Democratic Peace Theory

Author(s): Nikolaos Panagiotou / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2006

Keywords: Democratic Peace Hypothesis;

The article examines democratic peace theory. Considerable research has examined how the regime type and the level of democracy relate with the probability of war. In addressing this issue, the article rests on the premise that democratization can be seen in two forms: a) as an internal process towards democracy b) as an external effort to promote or establish democratic regimes. Contributing to the debate regarding democratic peace theory, it is argued that democratization fails to deter states from pursuing their interests through war. However, and with regard to new forms of ‘wars’ like “terrorism”, democratization can provide both the much needed space for cooperation and the creation of pluralistic societies that will accordingly help to confront some of the sources of rage.

The Notion of Equivalence in the Scientific Debate on Literary Translation

Der Äquivalenzbegriff in den Wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen um die Literarische Übersetzung

Author(s): Enikö Gocsman / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: translation; equivalence; adequacy; appropriacy; acceptability

The author of this present paper tries to summarize the main theoretical views regarding equivalence. . The so-called „traditional” translation studies with a linguistic approach have described and categorized the main and subtypes of equivalence by an amazingly complex terminology. The variety of terminology is misleading sometimes as it may cover useless and empty categories. According to the research in the analysis of literary translation the most useful concept of equivalence belongs to Werner Koller, therefore the presentation of his categories represents the central part of this paper. At the same time it cannot be forgotten that the author himself points out the imperfections of these categories and sets the limits of the analysis of literary translation. The present paper presents the combination of the linguistic approaches regarding the category of equivalence with the aspects of literary studies which could be useful in the analysis of literary translation.

The Ambivalence of African-American Culture. The New Negro Art in the interwar period

The Ambivalence of African-American Culture. The New Negro Art in the interwar period

Author(s): Aneta Pawłowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2014

Keywords: African-American; “New Negro”; “Harlem Renaissance”; Photography; “African Art”; Murals; 20th century; Painting

Reflecting on the issue of marginalization in art, it is difficult not to remember of the controversy which surrounds African-American Art. In the colonial period and during the formation of the American national identity this art was discarded along with the entire African cultural legacy and it has emerged as an important issue only at the dawn of the twentieth century, along with the European fashion for “Black Africa,” complemented by the fascination with jazz in the United States of America. The first time that African-American artists as a group became central to American visual art and literature was during what is now called the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s. Another name for the Harlem Renaissance was the New Negro Movement, adopting the term “New Negro”, coined in 1925 by Alain Leroy Locke. These terms conveyed the belief that African-Americans could now cast off their heritage of servitude and define for themselves what it meant to be an African-American. The Harlem Renaissance saw a veritable explosion of creative activity from the African-Americans in many fields, including art, literature, and philosophy. The leading black artists in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940 were Archibald Motley, Palmer Hayden, Aaron Douglas, Hale Aspacio Woodruff, and James Van Der Zee.

Attila Imre: Traps of Translation. A Practical Guide for Translators

Attila Imre: Traps of Translation. A Practical Guide for Translators

Author(s): Mona Arhire / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

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Language transfer as preparation for consecutive translation

Transfer językowy jako forma przygotowania do tłumaczenia konsekutywnego

Author(s): Anna Stolarczyk-Gembiak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: language transfer; translational competence; consecutive translation; strategies for processing language information

The article constitutes and attempt to define the role of language transfer as form of preparation for professional consecutive translation. Transfer in translatology is a cognitive process of interpreting and producing L1 texts in L2. Training with elements of language transfer is necessary in the process of education at every level. It is surely indispensable for prospective translators or interpreters. Even though the article is grounded in the assumptions of the theory of translation, it deals with the issue from a practical perspective. The author presents examples of exercises which contain elements of language transfer and demonstrates how they could develop a translator’s competence as both a communicator and a teacher of translation.

Nationality vs Universality. Musical Historiographies in Central and Eastern Europe. Ed. Sławomira Żerańska-Kominek. Newcastle upon Tyne 2016

Nationality vs Universality. Musical Historiographies in Central and Eastern Europe. Ed. Sławomira Żerańska-Kominek. Newcastle upon Tyne 2016

Author(s): Barbara Boisits / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Keywords: Nationalism; Music; Central Europe; Eastern Europe

Book Review of 'Nationality vs Universality. Musical Historiographies in Central and Eastern Europe' by Sławomira Żerańska-Kominek (ed.)

Fostering intercultural competence in L2-translations lessons at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

Bevordering van de interculturele competentie in T2-Vertaalcolleges bij de Katholieke Universiteit Lublin Johannes Paulus II

Author(s): Muriel Waterlot / Language(s): Dutch / Issue: 5S/2016

Keywords: L2-translation; foreign language teaching; intercultural competence; didactics of T2- translation; prose translation

This article analyses to what extent the didactic insights used in foreign language teaching and translation training, which both are intended to foster intercultural competence, can be combined. It presents a minimalistic ‘transitional’ model (the so-called Waterlot-model) which can be applied by foreign language university teachers who teach L2-translation within a language programme and who desire to integrate L2-translation into their foreign language teaching. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the article is composed of four parts. The first part defines several key terms — such as intercultural competence — and demonstrates how this competence is being promoted in Dutch foreign language teaching by means of the Van Kalsbeek-model. The second part presents the functional model designed by Christiane Nord aiming at enhancing the same competence in translation teaching. The third part finally reveals that elements of the Nord model can be integrated in the Van Kalsbeek-model which provides for a combined and model (cfr. Waterlot-model) that can applied at universities where translation is being taught as part of a language programme.

Marta Chromá: Legal Translation in Theory and Practice. The new Civil Code

Marta Chromá: Právní překlad v teorii a praxi. Nový Občanský Zákoník

Author(s): Klára Brůhová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2015

review of: Marta Chromá: Právní překlad v teorii a praxi. nový občanský zákoník, Praha: Karolinum, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 2014, 270 pp. ISBN 978-80-246-2861-6

Karabalić, Vladimir. 2018. Deutsche Fachsprachen. Ein Lehrbuch.

Karabalić, Vladimir. 2018. Deutsche Fachsprachen. Ein Lehrbuch.

Author(s): Ljubica Kordić / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2019

Review of: Karabalić, Vladimir. 2018. Deutsche Fachsprachen. Ein Lehrbuch. Osijek: Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, S. 171. ISBN 978-953-314-116-9

Translating Linguistic Varieties in Children’s Literature: James Krüss’s “Timm Thaler”

Prevođenje jezičkih varijeteta u dečjoj književnosti: „Tim Talir ili Prodati smeh” Džejmsa Krisa

Author(s): Iva M. Simurdić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 14/2016

Keywords: translation; children’s literature; linguistic varieties; functional approach; James Krüss;

The translation of children’s literature calls for careful consideration of the readers’ linguistic competences, more so than in the case of literary translations for adults. It is for this reason that translators hold a certain responsibility towards the recipients of the target text, and should therefore put the young readers and their understanding of the text above their loyalty to the original. This viewpoint corresponds with the ideas of the functional approach to translation, according to which the recipient should be placed in the foreground and the translation process determined by the purpose (skopos) of the target text. Such an approach is suitable when dealing with linguistic varieties in literary texts, as these varieties are the result of the authors’ creative manipulation of the language and they do not have a clear equivalent in the target language. Keeping their function in mind, the translator should determine how to transfer the information these nonstandard forms have to offer about the characters that use them, and do so in a way which is accessible and comprehensible for young readers. Several characters appear in James Krüss’s novel Timm Thaler (Timm Thaler oder Das verkaufte Lachen), whose manner of speaking is characterised by the use of linguistic varieties. In this paper, using the novel’s Serbian translation by Spomenka Krajčević and from a functional standpoint, the translator’s strategies when dealing with linguistic varieties will be analysed, with the goal of determining whether or not the purpose of the varieties was preserved and by what means this was achieved.

Child Marriage and the Failure of International Law: a Comparison of American, Indian, and Canadian Domestic Policies

Child Marriage and the Failure of International Law: a Comparison of American, Indian, and Canadian Domestic Policies

Author(s): Marcy J. Robles / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: international law; comparative; Canada; India; United States; international human rights; marriage; child; child marriage; family law;

What is child marriage? The recognized definition does not adequately encompass the experience of child marriage. Child marriage stems from many elements, including coercion, force, and economic deprivation. Furthermore, child marriages have a long-term effect on child spouses, ranging from psychological damage, to health complications, to education and personal limitations. This paper argues that current international treaties and agreements do not specifically or directly address the issue of child marriage. Of those that make an attempt to, fail as a result of lack of enforcement or too much deference to religion as an exception of child marriage prohibition. In comparing three countries – The United States, India, and Canada, it is clear that Canadian policies work best and should be implemented on a larger scale. Current U.S. policies do not fully combat the child marriage phenomena, and although it is ahead of India in this area, it still has a long way to go in terms of development.

THE LABORATORY WORK STYLE’S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION

THE LABORATORY WORK STYLE’S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Jan Andersson,Margareta Enghag / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2017

Keywords: different styles of laboratory work; different types of talk; quantitative analysis of students’ communication;

More knowledge of how the actual design of the laboratory work influence students’ communication, is needed to design and implement physics laboratory work lessons. The aim with this quantitative research, conducted at a Swedish upper secondary school, was to explore how the design of the laboratory work affects students’ communication. Twenty students divided into five groups participated in this natural case study and were video recorded while performing four practical tasks with the theme uniformly accelerated motion, designed by their teacher. The four workstations were categorised based on three predefined descriptors: outcome, approach and procedure. Students’ work at each workstation was coded according to five defined activities: planning, preparing equipment, collecting data, processing data and analysis of results. The activities were thereafter divided into shorter episodes that were coded for three different types of communication: disputational talk, cumulative talk and exploratory talk. The result shows that the amount of exploratory talk students engaged in are influenced by the style of the laboratory work and the character of the activity. Based on these research results, teachers can better accustom the laboratory work to facilitate fruitful physics discussions which endorse students’ learning.

Value-free paradise is lost. Economists could learn from artists

Value-free paradise is lost. Economists could learn from artists

Author(s): Aleksander Ostapiuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

Keywords: philosophy of science; methodology of economics; value-free economics; Max Weber

Despite the conclusions from the contemporary philosophy of science, many economists cherish the ideal of positive science. Therefore, value-free economics is still the central paradigm in economics. The first aim of the paper is to investigate economics’ axiomatic assumptions from an epistemological perspective. The critical analysis of the literature shows that the positive-normative dichotomy is exaggerated. Moreover, value-free economics is based on normative foundations that have a negative impact on individuals and society. The paper’s second aim is to show that economics’ normativity is not a problem because the discussion concerning values is possible and unavoidable. In this context, Weber and other methodologists are investigated. The conclusion of the paper is that science can thrive without strict methodological rules thanks to institutional mechanisms. Therefore, economists could learn from artists who accept the world without absolute rules. This perspective opens the possibility for methodological pluralism and normative approaches.

NATIONAL THEATRE LIVE. THE BEGINNING OF A REVOLUTION

NATIONAL THEATRE LIVE. THE BEGINNING OF A REVOLUTION

Author(s): Antonella Cornici / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2023

Keywords: theatre; live streaming; show; London; NTL;

In June 2009 at the initiative of Royal National Theatre in London, National Theatre Live appeared – a revolutionary project through which theatre performances are live streamed. The first one was Phedra69 by Racine. The show was live streamed in 73 movie theatres from Great Britain and in 200 others all over the world. The broadcasting was a great success about which The Guardian wrote: „The main lesson is that a theatre production can be made democratically available to a mass audience without any loss of quality. For generations we have been told that the theatre is elitist. Last night it was shown that a supposedly difficult classical tragedy can speak simultaneously to people across the globe.... this is only the beginning of a revolution in making theatre available in ways of which we had never dreamed.”70 For more than 13 years, The National Theatre of London has been live streaming its shows, at the moment having over 5.5 million spectators and being present in over 5000 locations all around the world.

Kant and Revolution

Kant and Revolution

Author(s): Rafał Wonicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 75/2023

Keywords: Revolution; change; ethics; freedom; Kant; Korsgaard;

Based on Kant’s political thought, this article deals with the relationship between a ruler’s power and freedom, law and morality. The assumed external freedom is to be guaranteed to individuals by a valid political authority (sovereign); however, the authorities do not have to obey the law, which means that the freedom of citizens is threatened. Thus, a tension appears between the freedom of the individual and obedience to an unjust law. From an authority’s perspective, peace is more important than moral development, and from a moral perspective, the rule of law is less important than ethical perfection. This leads to the question of whether revolutionary changes to the system can be justified on the basis of Kant’s assumptions, as some liberal interpretations of Kant’s thought propose. In this article, I argue that although the revolutionary moment is possible within Kant’s political philosophy, it is in a different place than most liberal authors point out and has no link to the common understanding of revolution.