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History of Latvian Art Theory

History of Latvian Art Theory

Author(s): Stella Pelše / Language(s): English

Keywords: Latvian art theory; art history; aesthetics; symbolism; Neo-Romanticism; Marxism; modernism; Activism; formalism; intuitivism; nationalist ideology

This volume is the first in the series of doctoral dissertations initiated by the Institute of Art History of the Latvian Academy of Art and intended to make art-historical research more accessible to a wider public. The book provides an historical survey of ideas in Latvian art theory (1900–1940) so far not examined in detail. General problems regarding visual arts are in focus, particularly definitions of art. Texts under scrutiny have been selected from a wide variety of sources – books, collected articles, magazines, newspapers, unpublished manuscripts, diaries, etc., authored by artists, poets, critics, historians and representatives of other professions. The influx of radical changes in Latvian artistic practice since the late 1980s has also increased the role of theoretical statements, inviting elucidation of historical precedents. Where should one draw the line between acceptable and even necessary “alien” elements and blind submission to foreign avant-garde examples? The conclusion that Latvian culture exists at the cross-roads of the most diverse influences reveals a persistent situation of choice that is not only a matter of the history of art theory but also of theoretical thinking on art in the present.

ON ASPECTUALIZERS IN ENGLISH. A CORPUS-BASED APPROACH

ON ASPECTUALIZERS IN ENGLISH. A CORPUS-BASED APPROACH

Author(s): Tünde Nagy / Language(s): English

The present work offers a semantic analysis of aspectualizers and their non-finite complement constructions (to infinitive and -ing) in English. It can be considered innovative in the respect that it defines aspectualizers and their complements as constructions that are themselves part of a larger macro-construction. In this regard, the analysis at hand can be considered a constructionist one, combining elements of constructional approaches (mostly Goldberg (1995, 1997, and 2006) with that of cognitive grammar (Wierzbicka 1988, Langacker 1991, etc.) and the theory of presupposition and consequences (Freed 1979).

AN INTRODUCTION TO LEXICAL SEMANTICS FOR STUDENTS OF TRANSLATION STUDIES

AN INTRODUCTION TO LEXICAL SEMANTICS FOR STUDENTS OF TRANSLATION STUDIES

Author(s): Imola Katalin Nagy / Language(s): English

The volume entitled An introduction to lexical semantics for students of translation studies aims to help students and translators understand the role and importance of semantics within the wider system of linguistics and to help them fully meet the requirements of the programme in the subject. The book is intended for English-language students taking the course of contemporary English language. However, An introduction to lexical semantics for students of translation studies may also be of interest to those who would like to gain some information about the resources of the Modern English lexicon and about the complex nature of meaning.

Enter Lear. The Translator's Part in Performance

Enter Lear. The Translator's Part in Performance

Author(s): Anna Cetera-Włodarczyk / Language(s): English

Keywords: Shakespeare translations; Elizabethan theatre; King Lear; performance; Shakespeare

What part did translators play in the Polish history of Shakespeare translations? Did they look to Shakespeare only or lean towards the theatre by supplying scripts rewritten for their own time? Did they act as prompters, whispering words into the ears of the actors, or command the stage themselves to tamper with Elizabethan designs? The intricacies of the Polish theatrical reception of King Lear, his triumphs, disappearances and spectacular comebacks, make the play a particularly interesting choice for investigating the relationship between translation and performance. Thus the stage history of the play runs parallel to the efforts of its translators: Jan N. Kaminski, Jozef Paszkowski, Maciej Slomczynski, Stanislaw Baranczak. What did they owe to Shakespeare, and what does our Shakespeare owe to them?

Post-folklore of internet communication in the axiological dimension

Post-folklore of internet communication in the axiological dimension

Author(s): Zhanna Zaharivna Denysyuk / Language(s): English

Keywords: post-folklore; ICT; internet; communication; axiology; modern trends; cultural development;

English Edition The monograph is devoted to the study of the post-folklore phenomenon that has been formed within the environment of Internet communication and genetically related to classical folklore samples. However, regarding its external and internal features and characteristics, it refers to phenomena of a fundamentally new cultural level which reflects the mosaic of socio-cultural reality, accumulates and transmits the values, ideas, and ideals of the society acts as a stabilizing beginning in comprehending sociocultural realities. Internet technologies, create modern communicative practices and set new formats for the existence of culture and its artifacts on the Internet as well as cause a radical rethinking of the value-semantic dominants of society in a digital environment. The monograph is addressed to specialists in the field of cultural studies, philosophy of culture, art historians, students of educational institutions of art and culture, to all who are interested in the indicated problems.

Laughing at the Funeral. Gender and Anthropology in the Greek Funerary Rites

Смех на погребу. Антички грчки погребни ритуал у родној и антрополошкој перспективи

Author(s): Lada Stevanović / Language(s): English

Embracing Folk Material and Finding the New Objectivity: Karol Szymanowski's Twenty Mazurkas op. 50 and Two Mazurkas op. 62

Embracing Folk Material and Finding the New Objectivity: Karol Szymanowski's Twenty Mazurkas op. 50 and Two Mazurkas op. 62

Author(s): Anna Kijanowska / Language(s): English

Keywords: Szymanowski; Mazurkas; folklore music of Podhale

This book examines the presence of folk material in and the influence of the New Objectivity on the „Mazurkas” op. 50 and op. 62 by Karol Szymanowski through various elements: rhythmic patterns, form, proportions, phrase structure, texture, accompaniment patterns, and articulation. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of the folk music practiced in the Highland region of the Tatra Mountains and its unquestionable presence in the „Mazurkas”. This dissertation dispenses with an analysis of the tonal system in the „Mazurkas”, a topic extensively covered in a thesis by Ann Kossakowski (Yale University, 1980). Chapter 1 discusses stylistic differences in Szymanowski’s works prior to the 1920s and beyond, as well as general trends in European music of that period. Chapter 2 focuses on the New Objectivity movement which is exemplified by the return to traditional forms and textures. Found in the works of Schoenberg, Stravinsky, and Hindemith, this new trend represents the search for a new direction reflective of Baroque and Classical models. The subsequent chapter is devoted exclusively to Polish folk music with distinctions drawn between Lowland and Highland folk styles and draws upon various examples of folk dances and songs. The main body of the book begins in Chapter 4, which is devoted to the analysis of the „Mazurkas”. A close look at the individual elements of the compositions highlights the remarkable way in which Szymanowski’s music manifests the New Objectivity in its texture, clear phrase structure, symmetrical proportions, and the rhythmic unity achieved through irregular accents typical of folk music. Chapter 5 explores the interpretive challenges a performer faces in the „Mazurkas” and examines each composition individually, analyzing the character and function of key elements: rhythmic patterns, articulation, and especially rubato. Szymanowski’s influence on modern Polish music and his contribution to later generations cannot be overstated and is the subject matter of the last chapter, followed by a summation in the conclusion.

Complementarity of Space and Time in Distance Representations.

Complementarity of Space and Time in Distance Representations.

Author(s): Jacek Tadeusz Waliński / Language(s): English

Keywords: space;time;linguistic perspective;language;cognition;distance

This book presents a cognitive linguistic study of distance representations carried out using the British National Corpus and the National Corpus of Polish. Corpus­based examination of linguistic expressions of spatial expanse in the semantic context of motion events suggests that as language users we are at certain liberty to choose either spatial or temporal conceptualization of distance according to what suits our subjective profiling needs relevant to a particular situation. From the perspective of research presented in this book, the entanglement of time and space in cognition is a rabbit hole phenomenon that runs deep beyond the ties that bind space to time in motion, on the one hand, and the socio-cultural sedimentation of meaning through commonly used phraseology, on the other. It appears to hinge on a higher-order ontological and epistemological distinction between objects and events, which may influence our spatial-temporal reasoning. Additionally, this book demonstrates a cognitive schema of temporaI horizon emergent from the frequency of expressions denoting temporaI distance found in spontaneous informal conversations. Taken together the research presented in this volume indicates that, at least in certain contexts, space and time can act in a complementary manner in cognition.

English semantic loans, loan translations, and loan renditions in informal Polish of computer users

English semantic loans, loan translations, and loan renditions in informal Polish of computer users

Author(s): Marcin Zabawa / Language(s): English

Keywords: language contacts; semantic loan; lexical tracing paper; phrase paper; corpus; specialist language; Internet language; language of internet forums; language of computer science

It is common knowledge that Polish is under a strong influence of English nowadays. In the past, such influence was largely restricted to lexical borrowings, noticed and commented upon both by linguists, in the literature on the subject (see especially the monographs by Mańczak-Wohlfeld 1994, 1995, 2006), and by non-linguists, for instance in the popular press. Nowadays the picture is different: English continues to affect Polish at the level of lexis; however, other spheres are not free from the English influence, either. Thus, apart from lexical loans, which have already been relatively thoroughly researched, semantic borrowings, loan translations, loan renditions, and semi-calques (all of which attracted much less attention from linguists) appear with a high frequency as well. In addition, minor types of influence, manifested through the existence of syntactic and morphological loans, can also be detected; such spheres as spelling or punctuation are also under the influence of English, particularly in the more informal varieties of Polish texts. /fragment of the introduction/

Expressivity in the language of fairy tales in German and Czech

Expressivität in der Sprache der Märchen im Deutschen und im Tschechischen

Author(s): Anna Mikulová / Language(s): German

Keywords: Expressivity; fairy tales; German; Czech; emotionality; phonology; morphology; syntax; lexis; translation;

The monograph deals with the issues of expressivity (emotionality) in language. It starts with a theoretical chapter about the development and characteristics of fairy tales, fairy tales of German and Czech provenance are then analysed and compared. The author categorizes language expressivity at different language levels: phonetic, morphologic and word formation, syntactic and lexical, as well as those relating to text-linguistic, pragmatic and stylistic aspects of the utterance. The book also discusses translation problems, i.e. comparison of the original and the translation. The monograph analyses selected fairy tales by brothers Grimm, Clemens von Brentano, Michael Ende, Karel Jaromír Erben, Božena Němcová and Karel Čapek and presents examples of expressivity at several language levels.

Texts about Films: Stylistic Analysis of Film Reviews and Film Texts

Texte über Filme: Stilanalysen anhand von Filmrezensionen und filmbezogenen Texten

Author(s): Jiřina Malá / Language(s): German

Keywords: Films; cinematography; film reviews; film texts; stylistic analysis; German magazines and newspapers;

The study presents a stylistic textual analysis based on examples of film reviews and similar texts devoted to film as published in a variety of German magazines and newspapers (both printed an on-line). The corpus analyzed contains 470 texts about films from German magazines and dailies Der Spiegel, Focus, Die Zeit, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, sueddeutsche.de etc. The comparative aspect is represented by several Czech sources, such as texts from the website iDnes.cz.

Compound nouns and phrasal nouns in English and Polish

Compound nouns and phrasal nouns in English and Polish

Author(s): Bożena Cetnarowska / Language(s): English

Keywords: compound nouns; juxtapositions; classifying adjectives; Construction Grammar;Construction Morphology;

The present monograph discusses compound nouns and juxtapositions (i.e., phrasal nouns) in Polish and English, focusing on the interaction and competition between the processes of coining both types of linguistic units. The phrasal nouns under analysis include combinations of classifying adjectives and nouns in any order, for instance, English electrical engineer, hard disk, Polish inżynier budowlany ‘construction engineer,’ zimowe opony ‘winter tyres’; coordinate noun-noun juxtapositions, such as Polish torba-worek ‘holdall bag,’ kelner-barman ‘waiter and bartender’; and combinations of nouns and genitive attributes (English women’s college, Polish dom studenta ‘student hall of residence’). Constraints on forming compound nouns in Polish are illustrated. Compound nouns and phrasal nouns are divided into classes according to the typology of composite expressions postulated by S. Scalise and A. Bisetto. Emphasis is placed on demonstrating that phrasal nouns exhibit a mixture of phrasal and word-like properties. Difficulties are pointed out in drawing a strict and non-arbitrary border between morphological compounds and syntactic phrases, and in identifying subtypes of phrasal nouns which differ in their degree of similarity to regular noun phrases. The phenomenon of univerbation (i.e., morphological condensation) in the Polish language is discussed. The framework adopted in this monograph is the theory of Construction Morphology, formulated by G. Booij, who shows that principles of Construction Grammar can be applied felicitously in the analysis of morphologically complex words. Construction Morphology has been adopted mainly by researchers who study Germanic and Romance languages. In the present monograph construction schemas are proposed for selected types of compound nouns and phrasal nouns in Polish and English. The mechanism of schema unification is employed in order to represent the internal structure of interfixal-suffixal formations in Polish. It is demonstrated that the model of Construction Morphology is particularly felicitous in the study of phenomena at the border of syntax and word-formation, such as interaction and competition between morphological compounds and phrasal lexemes. Although the linguistic data under analysis come mainly from Polish and English, multi-word units from other Indo-European languages are mentioned where appropriate. Theoretical considerations are supported by numerous examples culled from on-line corpora, such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP).

Words, Meanings and Discourses Religious Ideological Assumptions in Same-Sex Marriage Parliamentary Debates

Words, Meanings and Discourses Religious Ideological Assumptions in Same-Sex Marriage Parliamentary Debates

Author(s): Mihaela Duma / Language(s): English

Keywords: delexicalisation; empty lexicon; collocation; colligation; collocational resonance; idiom principle; lexical priming theory; ideology; religion; same-sex marriage; homosexuality; corpus linguistics; critical discourse analysis;

Based on my PhD thesis defended in 2014 at Babeş-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, Romania, "Words, Meanings and Discourses. Religious Ideologial Assumptions in Same-Sex Marriage Parliamentary Debates" aims to capture a balanced perspective on the hierarchical structure of language and, most importantly, to identify and highlight some of the multifarious and subtle processes along which meaning is created. Embacing the hypothesis that meaning is an act of creation, an event rather than an immovable, inherent property of words (Hanks 2000, Sinclair 2004), I have investigated the parliamentary discourses constructed on the Marriage (Same-Sex Couples) Bill enactment in the UK, in 2013. Unlike other relevant linguistic studies that exclusively approach the topic of homosexuality by accounting for the ways in which homosexual identity is discursively structured, the present survey addresses this sensitive matter at several levels. Having as a main purpose to identify and account for the religious ideological assumptions that underlie and are more or less overtly articulated in such discourses, my empirical research relies on a less typical analytical framework, one that combines corpus linguistics (CL) investigation tools with critical discourse analysis (CDA) methods. Hence, while exploring such discourses, I have come to seize subtle social attitudes and behaviours which, are able to point towards a fierce renegotiation of power position between, on the one hand, religion and all the traditional values it stands for and, on the other hand, the new, ever more visible, and vocal identity marker recognized as homosexuality.

The Turkish Malaise – A Critical Essay

The Turkish Malaise – A Critical Essay

Author(s): Cengiz Aktar / Language(s): English

Keywords: Mediterranean; Politics; Cengiz Aktar; Erdogan; minorities; politics; Turkey; Turkish foreign policy;

No one can predict today how Turkey will evolve; which spirit will mark the country’s future. Who could have predicted the turn it has taken in recent years after having been a rising star in the early 2000s, a candidate for the European club, “the” model to follow, especially for Muslim countries seeking justice and prosperity? The failure of its candidacy, in which Europe has its share, has been the prelude to its progressive de-Westernisation accompanied by bellicosity on all fronts, at home and abroad.Western countries are trying to manage this “Turkish crisis” between incomprehension and blind detachment, between appeasement and complicity, between containment and apprehension of seeing this large country decompose in its turn.In this concise and well-documented essay, the author provides analytical tools to understand the split of a society, between state, nation, religion, imperial myth and the West. The analysis is complemented by interviews with the sociologist Nilüfer Göle and the historian Étienne Copeaux, both of whom have witnessed Turkey’s never-ending transformation.

Various Dimensions of Place in Language Studies

Various Dimensions of Place in Language Studies

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: contrastive linguistics; place; conceptualisation; pragmatics;language contact;

The book serves as a collection of articles concerning different approaches to the notion of ‘place’ in terms of contrastive studies. Out of eight articles, the first four concentrate on the place of conceptualization in languages. Next two contributions discuss the notion of ‘place’ from a more literal point of view, concentrating on the role of case and prepositional systems in the expression of place as well as on the concept of place from the pragmatic point of view, as discursive representation of places in Polish and American cultures is analysed. The third part of the book contains two articles focusing on language contact. Each of the above-mentioned contributions provides an inspiring approach to contrastive studies and further research.

Language Fossilization in the Advanced Learners of Polish as a FL: Focus on Problems and Possible Solutions

Language Fossilization in the Advanced Learners of Polish as a FL: Focus on Problems and Possible Solutions

Author(s): Marzena Wysocka-Narewska / Language(s): English

Keywords: Polish as a FL; language influences; language fossilization; advanced users of Polish as a FL

The presented book deals with the issue of language fossilization in the advanced users of Polish as a foreign language. In particular, the author examines language difficulties (fossilization symptoms) the foreigners experience while speaking and writing in Polish, accounts for reasons for the status quo, and finally, puts forward some suggestions concerning changes and forms of work on the Polish language proficiency.

CHALLENGES OF TEACHING ENGLISH TO UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

CHALLENGES OF TEACHING ENGLISH TO UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Author(s): Alla Mămăligă / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: challenges; extra linguistic; impediments; linguistic; teaching process;

Exista mai multe impedimente in învățarea unei limbi care ar putea fi clasificate in lingvistice si extralingvistice. Memorarea cuvintelor noi, in special, a idioamelor, verbelor complexe in limba engleza este deseori o provocare pentru studenți datorită multitudinii și varietății lor. În ciuda faptului că engleza este o limbă universală, studenților le este încă dificil să o înțeleagă și să o învețe. Eriksson (2007) consideră că motivul din spatele acestei dificultăți este acela că limba engleză este predată de multe ori în mod izolat de cultură și nu există un context cultural care să poată fi explicat în timpul învățării limbii. Pe de altă parte această idee este nu este susținută de toți și anume de cei care consideră ca engleza este o lingua franca și, prin urmare, nu este conectată la o cultură specifică.

Manufactura Hispánica Lodziense 14. Adverbial expressions of positive superlative quantification in the form of prepositional phrases. Semantic-syntactic study related to European Spanish

Manufactura Hispánica Lodziense 14. Locuciones adverbiales de cuantificación superlativa positiva en forma de frases preposicionales. Estudio semántico-sintáctico relativo al español europeo

Author(s): Monika Lisowska / Language(s): Spanish

Keywords: phrases;semantics;syntax;quantification

The present monograph focuses on the semantics and syntax of Spanish adverbial phrases introduced by prepositions and used as quantifiers in the positive superlative form. In the book such phrases are labelled as LACSP-FP, which is an acronym of their name in Spanish. The book consists of four chapters. The first three chapters introduce and clarify the issues that are vital for the subject matter of the book and the subsequent analysis of the studied phrases.Thus chapter one focuses on the notion ‘phrase’ in Spanish linguistics, introduces its definitions and classifications of quantifying phrases. It presents their formal characteristics as well as their syntactic and semantics features. Chapter two discusses formal, syntactic and semantic features of both the adverb and adverbial phrases in Spanish. Chapter three is devoted to the phenomenon of quantification and juxtaposes ‘linguistic quantification’ with other synonymous terms; It also presents various types of quantification according to morphological, semantic, syntactic features as well as the quantitative reference model. Chapter four focuses on the analysis of one hundred and twenty-seven LACSP-FPs excerpted from six dictionaries of contemporary Spanish. The analysis is twofold. First, lexical and semantic features of the studied expressions are analysed form a cognitive perspective and then analysis of their syntactic features follows.

Working Through What Is

Working Through What Is

Author(s): Grzegorz Sokół / Language(s): English

Keywords: depression; psychiatry; psychotherapy; neoliberalism; transformation; reality;

How do we account for the current proliferation of depression as a diagnostic and cultural category?How has its rise interplayed with the postsocialist transformation and the construction of the neoliberal order? This monograph of contemporary Polish depression sheds light on the social, political, and semantic processes that have shaped its meanings, ex- periences, understandings, and treatments. Examining depression’s history in Poland after 1989, the author not only considers the social conditions of clinical practice, but also explores a broader phenomenon of the cultural dynamic of realification (urealnienie) – the socially produced sense of realness of the world around us. The book thus touches upon various aspects of cultural theory while keeping an ethnographic, empirical character. It is addressed to the academic audience in the field of social sciences, cultural studies, or humanities, as well as anyone with an interest in the social factors shaping mental health and the cultural dimensions of capitalism.

Freedom in the Mirror of University History: Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the founding of Masaryk University and dedicated to all the authors in its history who were silenced

Freedom in the Mirror of University History: Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the founding of Masaryk University and dedicated to all the authors in its history who were silenced

Author(s): Radek Gomola,Radka Vyskočilová,Lea Novotná,Alena Mizerová / Language(s): English

Keywords: Masaryk University; University press; Munipress publishes; Munispace; Journals; Digital libraries; Manuscripts; Editorial series;

A university without its own publishing house is like a cathedral without an organ: wild-growing and silent. Masaryk University has got its publishing house, which even ranks among the largest in Central Europe by the number of publications, tirelessly spreading university knowledge and ethos not only through books, but on all present-day conceivable media. This jubilee publication brings a colourful panorama of the Munipress publishing house activities together with a historical overview. It is dedicated to the centenary of the Masaryk University and to all the silenced authors in its history.