Keywords: Romanian Communism; penitentiary system; Gherla prison; Făgăraş prison; Jilava prison; Sighet prison.
The article provides an outline of the main contributions to the study of the communist penitentiary system in Romania between 1945-1964. It includes data on the organisation of the prisons in Sighet, Făgăraş and Gherla and relies on information odrawn from the records of the the Archive of the National Administration of Penitentiaries in Jilava. The same archival holding, contains tens of thousands extant photocopied penal transcripts of records. These are to be found in the Archive of the International Centre for the Study of Communism, the Sighet Memorial (the “Academia Civică” Foundation in Bucharest), and provide an overview of penitentiary detention.
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More...• „Lista Schindler” a culturii basarabene • Nicolae Leahu, poetul – cronică de Mircea V. Ciobanu • Dialog cu fifi nalul amânat: Leo Butnaru – Aureliu Busuioc • Versuri de Svetlana Corobceanu şi Vasile Iftime • Proză de Lucreţia Bârlădeanu şi Iulian Ciocan • Cătălin Dorian Florescu, un romancier al exilului • Praga literară. Scriitori cehi contemporani: Jaroslav Hašek şi Michal Viewegh Despre Herta Müller, memorie şi literatură – interviu cu dna Beate Köhler, director al Institutului Goethe din Bucureş
More...Al X-lea Simpozion Naţional de Jurnalism, cu participare internaţională Cenzura în România – ieri şi azi, Cluj-Napoca, 28-29 octombrie 2011 Brînduşa Armanca, Frontieriştii. Istoria recentă în mass-media, Ediţia a II-a revăzută şi adăugită, Editura Curtea Veche, Bucureşti, 2011 Ştefan Borbély, Homo brucans şi alte eseuri, Editura Contemporanul, Bucureşti, 2011 Ştefan Borbély, Existenţa diafană, Editura Ideea Europeană, Bucureşti, 2011 Viorel Cacoveanu, Interviuri literare, Editura Porto-Franco, Galaţi, 2001 Constantin Cubleşan, În jurul începuturilor romanului românesc, Editura Gramar, Bucureşti, 2010 Constantin Cubleşan, Eminescologi clujeni, Editura Limes, Cluj-Napoca, 2011 Bogdan Ficeac, Cenzura comunistă şi formarea „omului nou”, prefaţă de Daniel Barbu, postfaţă de Petru Ignat, Editura Nemira, Bucureşti, 1999 Bogdan Ficeac, De ce se ucid oamenii, Editura RAO, Bucureşti, 2010 Alexandru Graur, „Capcanele” limbii române, Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2009 Alexandru Graur, Mic tratat de ortografie, Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2009 Győrffy Gábor, Cenzúra és propaganda a kommunista Romániában – Cenzură şi propagandă în România comunistă, Editura Komp-Press, Cluj-Napoca, 2009 Liviu Maliţa, Teatrul românesc sub cenzura comunistă, Editura Casa Cărţii de Știinţă, Cluj-Napoca, 2009 Liviu Maliţa, Ceauşescu Critic Literar, ediţie, studiu introductiv şi note de Liviu Maliţa, Editura Vremea, Bucureşti, 2007 Nicolae Melinescu, Uriaşul care se trezeşte: Africa subsahariană în ultimele trei decenii, CA Publishing, Cluj-Napoca, 2009 Mihaela Mudure, Lecturi canadiene. Canadian Readings, Editura Napoca Star, 2009, Cluj-Napoca Mihaela Mudure, Richard Proctor. Proverbe româneşti / Romanian Proverbs, ediţia a II-a revăzută, Editura Pro Vita, Cluj-Napoca, 2010 Gelu Neamţu, Religia română din Transilvania, 1848-1918, Editura Argonaut, Cluj-Napoca, 2010 Gelu Neamţu, Documente pentru viitorime privind genocidul antiromânesc din Transilvania: 1848-1849, Editura Argonaut, Cluj-Napoca, 2009 Ovidiu Pecican, Pâlnia şi Burduful: teorie şi practică în istoriografie: texte escortă, articole şi polemici, Editura CA Publishing, Cluj-Napoca, 2011 Ovidiu Pecican, Avalon: întâmpinări istoriografice, Editura CA Publishing, Cluj-Napoca, 2011. Marian Petcu (coordonator), Cenzura în spaţiul cultural românesc, Editura Comunicare.ro, Bucureşti, 2007 Marian Petcu (coordonator), Puterea şi cultura. O istorie a cenzurii, prefaţă de Mihai Coman, Editura Polirom, Iaşi, 1999 Marta Petreu, Cioran sau un trecut deocheat, ediţia a III-a revăzută şi adăugită, Editura Polirom, Iaşi, 2011 Marta Petreu, Acasă, pe Câmpia Armaghedonului, Editura Polirom, Bucureşti, 2011 Mircea Popa, Panoramic jurnalistic: presa de ieri şi de azi, Editura Eikon, Cluj-Napoca, 2011 Mircea Popa, Prezenţe literare. Oameni şi cărţi, Casa Cărţii de Știinţă, Cluj-Napoca, 2011 Doina Rad, Viaţa ca rescriere. Cella Serghi, Editura Accent, Cluj-Napoca, 2010 Doina Rad, Eta Boeriu, Editura Limes, Cluj-Na
More...Keywords: Ovid; Ovidius; Metamorphoses; Roman literature
The macrostructure of Ovid's Metamorphoses is a hitherto unsolved problem. Earlier studies entirely ignore the structure of books given by the author and impose a disposition totally alien to the transmitted grouping of books. On the other hand, more recent approaches emphasize the division of the poem into 15 books and try especially to demonstrate that five book groups are the main structural principle in order to draw from this far reaching conclusions. Deviating from these approaches, the present article intends to dismiss the thesis of a macrostructural order of epochs and rather to understand the single books as autonomous structural units which owe their attractiveness to the tension arising between two main parts of either epic or elegiac content. This tension characterizes the whole of the single books as reading units and also the transitions between single books.
More...Keywords: Abortion; Holy Scripture; Holy Father Writings; Canon Laws; perspectives; Murder
In the context of a world more and more confused and derailed from normalcy, in times when evil is called good and often represents the embodied virtue, and good is called evil, Christianity has the duty to maintain normalcy, to keep in touch with God, to become living examples in an attempt to re-establish the axes of the contemporary world on its primordial and natural coordinates, in full harmony and cooperation with God. This topic: Abortion = Murder (reflections for conscience), was born from the desire to penetrate into the very essence of the moral issues that grind contemporary society, threatening to lead it to spiritual destruction, but also to highlight the fact that we must approach the divine model, the One who he showed the direction to follow in life: love, sacrifice, forgiveness. The relevance of this subject cannot be questioned, representing a duty for Christianity to fight the abortion phenomenon, to fight for life, to keep clean the most precious gift offered by God. Abortion - Considerations of Holy Scripture, Canon Laws, Holy Father Writings, and Contemporary Theological Writings, we will try to compress and compile the anti-abortion elements that make it such a frightening and troubling sin, from various perspectives. In this approach we will start, as is natural, from the pages of the Holy Scripture, then moving on to the canonical vision, continuing with the perspective of the Holy Fathers and reaching to the present day, with the approach of the Fathers of contemporaneity.
More...Silvia Marton - THIERRY CHOPIN, La République „une et divisible".Les fondements de la Fédération américaine, préface de PIERRE ROSANVALLON, Plon/Commentaire, Paris, 2002; Alexandra Ionescu - SANDRINE KOTT, Le communisme au quotidien. Les entreprises d’État dans la société est-allemande, Belin, coll. „Socio-Histoires", Paris, 2001; Lucia Dragomir - DANLUNGU, Construcția identității într-o societate totalitară. O cercetare sociologică asupra scriitorilor, Editura Junimea, Iași, 2003; Damiana Oțoiu - CLAUDE RIVIÈRE, Anthropologie politique, Armand Colin, Coll. «Cursus - Sociologie», Paris, 2000; Cristian Preda - ION ILIESCU în dialog cu VLADIMIR TISMĂNEANU, Marele șoc din finalul unui secol scurt, Editura Enciclopedică, București, 2004; Oana-Valentina Suciu - DUMITRU SANDU, Sociabilitatea în spațiul dezvoltării, Polirom, Iași, 2003; Andrei Niculescu - MIHAI COMAN,Mass-media în Romania postcomunistă, Polirom, col. „Collegium", Iași, 2003; Andrei Niculescu - MIHAI COMAN, Mass-media, mit și ritual. O perspectivă antropologică, Polirom, col. „Sociologie. Antropologie. Cercetări și eseuri", Iași, 2003; Ionela Băluță - ELVIRA-ECATERINAIVĂNESCU, Societatea ortodoxă națională a femeilor române (1910-1948,1990-2001), Editura Universitară Craiova, Craiova, 2001;
More...Cristian Preda - ARISTOTEL, Politica, traducere de Raluca Grigoriu, Editura Paideia, colecția „Cărților de seamă", București, 2001, 304 pp; ARISTOTEL, Politica, ediție bilingvă, traducere comentarii și index de Alexander Baumgarten, cu un studiu introductiv de VASILE MUSCĂ, Editura IRI, colecția „Cogito", București, 2001, 524 pp; Dragoș Petrescu - DENNIS DELETANT, Communist Terror in Romania: Gheorghiu-Dej and the Police State, 1948-1965, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1999, 352 pp; Cristina Petrescu - CORNELIU MÀNESCU în dialog cu LAVINIA BETEA, Convorbiri neterminate, Polirom, Iași, colecția „Duplex", 2001, 360 pp; Silvia Marton - ION BIBERI, Lumea de mâine ediția, a Il-a, Editura Curtea Veche, București, 2001, 300 pp; Cristian Preda - GHEORGHE CRIȘAN, Piramida puterii. Oameni politici și de stat din România (23 august 1944-22 decembrie 1989), Editura Pro Historia, colecția „Românii în istoria universală", București, 2001, 320 pp; Lucia Dragomir - PAUL CERNAT, ION MANOLESCU, ANGELO MITCHIEVICI, IOAN STANOMIR, In căutarea comunismului pierdut, Editura Paralela 45, 2001, 332 pp; Alexandru Bălășescu - LUCIAN BOIA, Mitologia științifică a comunismului, Humanitas, București, 1999, 210 pp;
More...Keywords: Luceafărul magazin; press; educational messages; cultural discourse; Austro-Hungarian Empire;
“Luceafărul” magazine appeared in 1902 in Budapest at the initiative of a Romanian student group, becoming in the first decade of the twentieth century one of the most representative Romanian periodicals in Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the present research, we focused on the first series of the magazine, the one from 1902-1914. In the first part of the study, we made a short historiographical analysis dedicated to the subject, followed by an editorial analysis of the magazine, in which we followed data related to its publication, editorial board, format, subscriptions, addressees and program articles. In the structure itself, we focused on researching several categories of articles, such as historical, biographical, dedicated to science, cultural movement, student, writers, peasants’ life, travel and politics, trying thus to underline the educational message they convey. The present research did not focus on the study of literary articles published by “Luceafărul”, these being studied in the past analysis. The documentary basis of the study was supported by the articles published by the analyzed magazine, but also by the specialized bibliography.
More...Keywords: international law; national doctrine; Romanian school; international criminal law; diplomacy of peace; global administrative law; European integration; constitutional identity; nation;
The issue of the affirmation of a Romanian school and the creation of a national doctrine of public international law has especially been raised in the interwar period. The study of this scientific field started in the Romanian universities in the 1860s, under the name of ius gentium (“the law of nations”), and has developed eventually, gradually acquiring, especially after Romania gained its independence (1878), a national dimension, given that it has been, for a long while, tributary to the French doctrine in the field. The creative effervescence and the momentum of the scientific and cultural development post-1918 – given the completion of the process of creating a national and unitary Romanian state, and the creation of a great national university, by joining to the original law schools in Iaşi and Bucharest the ones in Cernăuţi and Cluj – have favored the creation of an authentic Romanian school of international law and the emergence of the first elements of a national doctrine in the field, marked by aspects regarding the consolidation of the national state as subject of law, organizing international peace and security, promoting new principles of sovereignty, equality in rights, non-aggression, peaceful international conflict solving e.a., as previewed by the Paris peace treaties of 1919-1920. An important factor in this process was the Romanian contribution to the activity of the Society of Nations, and the political and diplomatic promotion of the new European and international order of those times. Romanian doctrinarian contributions have been affirmed as well in the development of the universal science of law, such as V.V. Pella’s, the founding father of international criminal law, Nicolae Titulescu’s, promoter of the law of peace, or Paul Negulescu’s, precursor of global administrative law etc. The beginning of World War II and its consequences have broken this process; between 1947 and 1989 the pertinent concerns have been defined by ideological excesses and, after 1964, by a spurt of sovereignty. In the past three decades, the economical and social transformations and evolutions, registered as well in the field of higher education and legal scientific research, have not favored the revival and the elevation of the interwar issues in the field to a higher level. After a retrospective analysis of the problematic, the author proposes a full program of reconstitution of the Romanian school, and of completion of a national doctrine of public international law.
More...Keywords: Academic migration; Leipzig; Iași University; public intellectual; sociology – history;
The topic of this study is Dimitrie Gusti, a major personality of the Romanian public and academic sphere from the first half of the twentieth century. As far as his agenda, approach and results are concerned, Gusti is on a par with Titu Maiorescu, Constantin Stere, Nicolae Iorga, Eugen Lovinescu etc. The school of sociology he founded in Bucharest, his endeavours towards the monographic research of the Romanian village using teams of students, editing the Encyclo- paedia of Romania etc. reveal a socially involved academic, an inspiring personality and a cultural organizer eager to transform the Romanian commu- nity, a true “mentor of the nation.”
More...Keywords: Trans-Atlantic; security; collective defence; deterrence; threats; NATO; strategic concept; forward defence;
NATO will be 70 years old in 2019 in April 2019 and it is the most durable alliance in modern times (the period after WW1), also the strongest one in history (due to the western scientific-technological progress and the USA’s military primacy after the Cold War). It is a defensive organization based on mutual consensus among the allies, and it relies on a healthy combination of deterrence and defence to prevent any aggression by a third state or a coalition of hostile actors. There are expert voices claiming the need for a new Strategic Concept to upgrade the 2010 S.C. from Lisbon. The main reasons are the emergence of Russian Federation as a very aggressive revisionist power who modified by force the borders in Eastern Europe, against the national interests of two NATO’s partners (Georgia and Ukraine) and now is heavily arming and puts a strong pressure on NATO’s eastern flank, and the instability on the Southern flank, generated by the effects of the Arab Spring (instability, ethnic-religious conflicts leading to some civil wars, emergence of Islamic State and other Jihadist groups). NATO will survive and remain strong only if the US and its European allies stay coherent and solidary, if they trust each other and accommodate their strategic interests. Deterrence by denial is more feasible and credible than deterrence by punishment to keep Russia and China from any attempt to coalesce against the Euro-Atlantic main interests. A strategic concept would be necessary only if member states get more coherent and united in their visions and interests regarding the common risks and threats – but unfortunetaely this is not the case for the time being.
More...Keywords: Transylvania; Nicholas Csupor; Transylvanian voivode; 1467 uprising; Moldavia; King Matthias; donation of estates;
After the suppression of the Transylvanian uprising in 1467, King Matthias confiscated the estates of several noble families in Transylvania and soon afterwards distributed them among his most favoured followers. One of the big winners of this action was the Transylvanian voivode Nicholas Csupor, who had just returned from the Moldavian campaign (end of 1467). The study publishes the group of charters related to these royal donations. This bunch of documents is notable for the fact that some of the donation charters were spoiled, or in some cases, the number of donated estates was extended immediately after the first charter was issued, but, exceptionally, all the successive charters have been preserved.
More...Keywords: archaeological heritage; cultural heritage; National Archaeological Repertory; Ministry of Culture; detectorists; protection; law of archaeological heritage;
The present study deals with the issue of the efficiency of GO 43/2000, at a distance of the 22 years that have passed since its issuance. An integral part of the legislative package necessary for Romania's accession to the European Union, this normative act proves to be, in comparison with the other legal acts, a reliable and effective one in substance. The realities revealed by a society in full dynamism, in continuous adaptation to the complex ‘status quo’ of the United Europe, but also the specific features of the space and psychology of the Romanian people, highlighted aspects less agreed with the text of this normative act. Thus, the combination of the increasingly present phenomenon of detectorists, associated with an institutional apathy generated by the Ministry of Culture – theoretically, the main strategist of policies for the protection of archaeological heritage – but also by its deconcentrated institutions (county directorates), generated a situation with potential very high level of catastrophic consequences for the archaeological heritage. If in the case of the first component, 22 years ago the legislator could not suspect the explosion of interest in the use of metal detectors, in the second case, the legislator anticipated the disinterest and lack of reaction of state institutions involved in making public sources documentation on areas that enjoy a protection regime, according to the law. The author identifies the weaknesses of GO 43/2000, respectively those articles whose text should be updated, modified or even structurally changed. The neuralgic point seems to be that of the evidence of the archaeological heritage. The basic principle of the discussion is that: ‘you cannot protect something that you have not highlighted’. As long as there is no strict, complete and publicly accessible record of cultural heritage, the idea of protection becomes a euphemism. The current number of sites registered in the National Archaeological Repertory (RAN), the database that aimed for almost 20 years to include the entire archaeological heritage (sites), is far from what it should have been. Calculations show that RAN does not include even 25% of the actual number of archaeological sites. Government Ordinance 43/2000 is, in essence, a good law, but it needs urgent updates, mainly related to the way in which the responsibilities of state institutions must be … honoured.
More...Keywords: Bibliographical Index; Volumes XXXI (2013) – Xl (2022);
Bibliographical Index of the Volumes XXXI (2013) – Xl (2022)
More...Keywords: Firestone agreement; Détente; Mike Mansfield; Vietnam War; Romania; USA;
The article analyzes Romanian-American relations between 1964 and 1965, at a time when a new political stage in bilateralism began, marked by normalization and differentiated politics.The decision of pursuing autonomy toward the Soviet Union – signaled by the famous ‘Declaration from April 1964’ – intertwined with the intensification of linkages with the West. The latter could provide loans, technology and cooperation to accelerate the modernization of Romania’s economy. To a lesser extent, the West also offered political support. In May 1964, a mission led by Gheorghe Gaston Marin, the Vice-President of the Government and the President of the State Committee for Planning, was dispatched to the United States of America. The delegation may have had unrealistic expectations (e.g., obtaining the clause of the most favored nation as soon as possible), yet the visit had significant economic and political outcomes - Gaston Marin met with the US Secretary of State, Dean Rusk.One of the economic objectives pursued by Romania in its early interactions with US officials was to obtain the technology for Neoprene (synthetic rubber) production. It seemed that an agreement had been reached with the Firestone Company. Yet, in 1965, the negotiations were abandoned by the US company, after pressure from anti-communism organizations – overcoming ideological differences seemed premature.Despite this setback, other events revitalized Romanian-American relations, most importantly the visit of the leader of the Democratic majority in the US Senate, Mike Mansfield. He was a politician close to President Lyndon B. Johnson. Mansfield came to Romania in November 1965, along with other colleagues from the Senate. The visit was part of a tour of France, Poland, the Soviet Union and other states in the Far East. Even though the main topic of Mansfield’s discussions with Romanian officials was the Vietnam War, bilateral affairs were also brought up. Mansfield’s presence in Romania signaled that the US intended to deal with Bucharest differently from other East European states, thus setting in motion a complex bilateral partnership.
More...Keywords: Greek Orthodox Church; Habsburg Transylvania; episcopal income; private life; interrogation of witnesses; early modern administration;
The appointment in 1761 of Dionisije Novaković, the Serbian bishop of Buda, as head of the Orthodox communities in Transylvania represented a compromise arrived at by the Habsburgs in their quest to solve the confessional troubles that ravaged the principality. The Greek-rite opponents of Catholicism were thus granted toleration and their own hierarch, but the solution eschewed the creation of a separate diocese under the authority of the archbishop in Sremski Karlovci. At the end of a short ministering, the death of Novaković in December 1767 raised the question of his institutional succession, alongside that of his personal inheritance. The latter was complicated by the lack of any valid will, with the government stepping in during the intestacy process to uncover the money presumed embezzled by the bishop during his tenure in Transylvania. During the ensuing inquiry, the attention focused primarily on the funds collected by the bishop on account of the gratuitous gift promised by the Orthodox Romanians in Transylvania at the time of his nomination, which was meant to support the war effort of the Monarchy in the Seven Years’ War. The topic is not entirely new to historiography, but the fresh details in the archival documents sketch a completely different picture from the one usually painted, totally exonerating Novaković. At the same time, the testimonies of those who knew him provided the authorities with more leads to the ways the bishop had abused his position to enrich himself, starting from the annual taxes collected from the priests under his authority, which were on the edge of allowed practices, to the money asked for ordaining or confirming priests to the parishes, which would induce suspicions of simony. They offer a unique insight into the demeanour of Dionisije Novaković, which warrants their publication in full in the Annexes. In the end, the documents become revealing to the rules of conduct and of the expectations that existed with regard to a Greek rite bishop in the Habsburg lands during the eighteenth century. They can equally be read as a test ground to the limits of the imperial bureaucracy that set off in search of hidden money but failed to probe the allegations and did not reach any definitive conclusions after a fiveyear-long investigation.
More...Keywords: Coronation; Alba Iulia; Ferdinand I; Miron Cristea; Byzantine Tradition; „Byzantine Symphony”;
The coronation ceremony of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie at Alba Iulia, on the 15th of October 1922, marked one of the most important episodes in the history of the Romanian monarchy, as the event was intended to represent the culmination of the entire nation’s historical path. The preparation of religious component of the ceremony, which was meant to play the most important role, was entrusted to Metropolitan-Primate Miron Cristea. He thoroughly elaborated a ceremony which, for the first time in the recent history of the Romanian people, would transpose the Byzantine and Romanian traditions into a unitary formula, naturally adapted to the reality of the Romanian contemporary Monarchy. Due to the numerous pressures on the part of the Sovereign, and some political members or other foreign dignitaries, the ceremony suffered substantial and essential modifications, the coronation of King Ferdinand seriously deviating towards the model recorded in 1881, the episode of the quasi-civilian coronation ceremony of King Carol I. What Metropolitan-Primate Miron Cristea, other public figures and the majority of people dreamed of, namely a ceremony that would revive the splendour of coronation of the Byzantine emperors (or even that of the Russian tsars), only remained a project written on paper, his wish failing to be fulfilled even by the future Romanian (Orthodox) sovereigns.
More...Keywords: jurisprudence; direct discrimination, indirect discrimination; points of convergence; Court of Justice of the European Union; European Court of Human Rights;
The present research analyzes the European practice, mainly the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and of the European Court of Human Rights at the beginning of 2023 and during 2022, in order to identify relevant intersections between the interpretations of the two courts at the level of the material or subjective elements of discrimination and, in particular, from the perspective of the grounds or criteria’s of discrimination prohibited in the European Convention on Rights Human and EU anti-discrimination directives. The research starts from the hypothesis that the interpretation approaches, the examination framework and the conceptual limits of these European courts are different, but the points of convergence in recent case-law on non-discrimination have seen a significant increase, with implications for national courts as well as the policy of the Member States to ensure a genuine protection of human rights, and, in particular, effective protection against discrimination, which unfortunately is still widespread in Europe.
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