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Keywords: critical theory; semiology; horror; belief; evil eye
The horror film type, which is a rather popular genre in the world cinema, could not occupy a place in Turkish Cinema until 2000s. The first trials on this type in Turkish Cinema were fictionalized based on the horror elements that have come out of Christianity, whereas a transition is obvious today to the horror elements of the Islamic religion. It was determined that the horror elements in the Islamic religion were related to hell, Armageddon, and Jinns. It is possible to come across any objects such as amulets and lucky charms, which are widespread among Anatolian beliefs and believed to protect the individuals against evils and jinns, both in modern and rural settings. Charms and amulets are frequently observed to be placed at the background setting in movies and TV series, which serve as a bridge that connects the modern people with the traditional people. This study reviews the usage of amulets and charms as a setting object in TV series taken after 2000s and how their relation to the jinn factor was created out of the Islamic religion, using the critical theory and semiological methodology. Dünya sinemasında oldukça popüler bir tür olan korku, Türk Sineması’nda 2000’li yıllara değin yer edinememiştir. Türk Sineması’nda bu türe ait ilk denemeler, Hıristiyanlık dinine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan korku unsurlarının ödünç alınmasıyla kurgulanmış, günümüzde ise İslam dininde var olan korku unsurlarına geçiş yapılmıştır. İslam dini içerisinde yer alan korkuların cehennem, kıyamet ve cin adı verilen olgulara ait oldukları saptanmıştır. Anadolu inançlarında yaygın olarak kullanılan nazar boncuğu, nazarlık gibi bireyleri kötülüklerden ve cinlerden koruyacağına inanılan nesneler, modern ya da kırsal her mekânda karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Modern ve geleneksel insanı buluşturan bir köprü vazifesi gören muska ve nazarlıkların, filmlerde ve dizilerde, dekor nesnesi olarak arka fonlara sıklıkla serpiştirildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada 2000’li yıllar sonrası çekilen korku filmlerinde nazarlık ve muskaların dekor nesnesi olarak kullanımı ve cin unsuru ile bağlantılarının İslam dininden beslenerek nasıl oluşturulduğu eleştirel kuram ve göstergebilimsel yöntem kullanılarak incelenecektir.
More...Keywords: gender inequality; women; academic profession; academic institutions; male domination
This paper presents a case study of women in the academic teaching profession in the context of the Criminal Police Academy, a Belgrade higher education institution of a typically male-dominant type. The aim of the paper is to describe and analyze women’s current position and upward career mobility, as well as to discover the causes and mechanisms limiting their weaker (slower) professional recognition. Multiple case method was deployed, on the basis of data collected from various sources: relevant literature on gender inequality of women in the academic profession, official documents of the institution in which the study was conducted, and personal life stories of women research subjects taken through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that women who are part of a masculine climate in their academic teaching profession and in their personal life, are arguably in a subordinate position compared to men, and accept their position as quite natural. The research was limited to six typical cases, so that the conclusions may be generalized only with the greatest care; however, researchers who are interested in checking the study’s objectivity and validity are provided with the adequate basis for further testing. The research shows that personal perspectives and testimonies of women can contribute to a deeper understanding of their disadvantage in academia, while at the same time contributing to the sociology of the "individual" and the "qualitative" by expanding the database on gender issues.
More...Keywords: anthroponyms; structure; folk songs; Tešanj area;
This paper analyzes the structural characteristics of male and female names confirmed in the manuscript collection of folk songs that were recorded in Tešanj area. Structural features of names are compared with the situation in the today's language.
More...Keywords: Albastı; bad spirits; confined woman;
In Mardin it is believed that the confined period (when the woman is in childbed) is an important and a dangerous period for the mother and her baby. The bad spirit which is called ‘Albastı’ or ‘Alkarısı’ is thought to imperil the mother’s and the baby’s life. Therefore there are protective measures and bans for the mother and her baby. The confined women the men the people who came from a house where there was a funeral or lament can’t visit the women who gave birth to a child the first 40 days after birth. Kurdish and Arabic Muslims put the Koran, an amulet, a pair of scissors, a pin, a sickle or a knife under the pillow of the mother and the baby. The Syriac people, meanwhile, put the Bible, a cross, a pin or a pair of scissors. It’s believed that metals like a pair of scissors or pins protect the women and their babies. Like in some Kurdish villages, the Yezidi women also drink the water in which they put a packing needle, for 40 days. The measures against ‘Alkarısı’ change considering the religious aspect but they don’t change among the cultures.
More...Keywords: Corum; Handicrafts; Pattern; Motif;
Although handcrafts, which were developed in order to meet the needs of humans since ancient times, have been one of the main activities for living, in our time it is generally adopted as a leisure time activity. Handworks are classified according to various criteria. The classification according to the use of raw materials including fiber, wood, stone, soil, metal, leather and animal remains, thin tree branches, stalks and wooden strips in handcrafts currently maintains its validity in our time. It is known that several handcrafts were used in Çorum province throughout the ancient times up to the present. Motives that are specific to the region were used for ornamenting these handcrafts. The motives that are used in handcrafts are a part of Turkish folk culture in which the feelings, thoughts and lives are reflected. The preservation of Turkish culture is of crucial importance for maintenance of regional cultural inheritance. The motives which are used in handcrafts are indicators of the Turkish culture and identity and they differ according to the regions where they have emerged and therefore they are referred with different names and details. It is due to these reasons that an inventory of the handcrafts and of the motives that are used in them should be prepared and that they should be inherited to future generations in order to assure their preservation. In this study, the handcraft works which were produced in Çorum Province of Turkey were classified according to their raw materials and the motives which were used in them were investigated. Thereby, a catalog which classify the motives that were unique to the region were developed.
More...Keywords: Nazar; weaving; motif; Muğla;
Weaving is a rooted tradition in Muğla which is one of the important weaving centers of Anatolia. The weaving products have also become the source of income for the region folk. The weaving culture in the province consists of the weavings made in the districts Bodrum, Milas, Fethiye, Seydikemer and Marmaris; primarily Milas carpets, Karacahisar, Karaova and Kaya village carpets, Alaçul, Alara kilim, Sarı namazlağı, Aynalı kilim and Yantırlı kilim which are frequently woven in Fethiye and Seydikemer districts and flat weavings which consist of Parmaklı and Turnalı kilim of the Bodrum province. In this study, among rich motif variety of the region weavings, motifs which are considered to be a part of the nazar faith have been examined and it is intended to explain their different forms with examples. Nazar is considered to be the harmful power within some people’s gaze, and it is believed that a negative effect such as illness, disability or death may occur by gazing into a person, an animal or an object. Among the folk, nazar is also referred to as “the eye”, “touch of the eye”, “to be coveted”, “the dirty eye”, “the evil eye”, “the bad eye”. The eye, the burdock, the amulet, the hand-finger-crest and the hook patterns symbolize protection within the nazar faith, and in the weavings, they exist as motifs with different shapes according to the region. In the combed weavings of the Muğla region, the eye takes names such as “beş taş”, “kedi izi”, “koyun gözü”, “beş geçirim”, “iyilik”, the burdock may also be called “heybe yanışı”, “yoz pıtrak”, “göbekli pıtrak”, “gül bahçe”, the amulet may also be referred to as “yeşil hamaylı”, “yan hamaylı”, “dip hamaylı”, “don ayağı”, “tabaka”, the hand-finger-crest is also called “tırnak”, “çift tırnak”, “parmak”, “yantır”, and the hook is also known as “koşan köpek”, “gelin öldüren”, “çakmaca”, “eğri demir”, “çuval yanışı” and they are woven in different shapes.
More...Keywords: Islam; patrilineal descent; fatherhood; male sterility;new reproductive technologies (NRT);
Generally speaking, many patrilineal and patrilocal communities highly appreciate male fertility. In islamic societies Qur'an dogma givs strict preference to patrilinearity over matrilinearity, and ascribes primary importance to the biological fatherhood. The reader of Qur'an will, in the Surat Al-Ahzab, come across the verse "Name your adopted sons after their fathers, that is more just with Allah", while one of the experts on Arabic literature emphasizes the fact that male characters in many stories stand out through their fatherhood, especially the one expressed in relation to their sons. In such social context – shaped mainly by the absolute authority of faith – reproductive "incompetence" of an individual is reflected through specific biological "defect" which primarily stigmatizes male population. Thus, women are those who most often take over "the guilt" of infertility. Discussing some elements of islamic bioethics this paper shall focus on the issues whether and how new reproductive technologies are being used for treatment of male sterility in these societies, as well as whether it is – by their practical use – possible to decrease tensions that emanate from the conflict of male reproductive "unfulfillment" and traditional notions of the purity of the descent (nasab).
More...Keywords: Ulas; Sivas; carpet; intangible cultural heritage; pattern; weaving;
In this study, examples of carpets woven in the period between Republican period and present which are located in the district of Ulaş were discussed. The study was conducted on 10 carpet weaving examples were found in Ulaş District, Aciyurt, Eskikarahisar Village and Gümüşpınar Village Mosque. Information forms were created from the data obtained in the research and raw materials of yarns, yarn production and coloring, technical properties were examined. The motif and pattern features are determined and explained in the local and popular meanings in Turkish carpet weaving. The similarities and differences of motifs with other district textures of Sivas are discussed. In consequence of the research; It has been determined that weaving were woven in types of rugs (2), cushion (6) and runner (2) via Turkish Knot Technique and woolen yarns are used both in weft and warp procedure. The fabrics are designed exactly symmetrically according to geometric center in terms of pattern compositions. It was also determined that tree of life, monster foot, wolf mouth, Turkmen rose, rosebud, star, eye, hook, flower, blessing, pitrak, cattle, amulet, medallion and elibelinde motifs with red, black, green, orange, brown, white, yellow and grey colors were predominantly used.
More...Keywords: Dîv-nâme; horoscope; fairy; folk beliefs; Dîv-nâme Berây-ı Merdân u Zenân;
Celestial bodies, stars, moon and the sun have always been the elements that human beings have always wondered, sometimes have divinised and never have given up since the beginning of existence. The works that describe everything about the horoscopes in Islamic understanding are under the title of ‘Dîv-nâme, Yıldız-nâme’. The work that we have researched which were taken Islamic Manuscripts section of the Leipzig University Library tells conversations between Hz. Süleyman and horoscopes which will be mentioned later, how will fairies harm to human and the methods of protection from these harms. The fairy belonging to each sign is explained one by one and descriptive information is given about it. The names of these fairies are given primarily in the text. Then, ,t was determined that these fairies, which are the subject of the text with their places and some physical features, caused some harm to people. The work that examines the some based on public beliefs concepts that still exist in our culture, tells individuals the ways of protection from supernatural beings, verses to be read to recover and the action to be taken. Writing amulets, sacrificing, burning candles, throwing healing papers into water and taking ablution with this water are among the methods oh protection mentioned. The diseases mentioned in the study and the methods of recovery of these diseases are examined in the context of folk beliefs and explained with the folkloric elements they contain. Our aim is to reveal a new work that is not known in the related literature and contribute to the studies in this field.
More...Keywords: Sultanhanı; carpet; weaving; motif;
Sultanhanı, one of the important weaving centers of a period, was founded on the Silk Road by I. Alaeddin Keykubat. In this study, information about the tools, techniques, motifs, patterns and composition features, dye and color features, schematic drawings of weavings and motifs, weavings are given. Carpet and rug weavings are products that can last for years. The material used can be a cultural identity document for the region it touches in terms of motif and pattern compositions. While Sultanhanı was one of the important weaving centers of a period, it is seen that the interest in weaving has decreased in the region with various factors.
More...(Iz: Psychoanalysis & Cinema, prir. E. Ann Koplan, New York, Routledge, 1990, str. 110-127)
More...Keywords: gender studies; feminism; Gender discrimination;
Je li žena čovjek? Na ovo pitanje bi većina ljudi potvrdno odgovorila, mada drugačije kazuju navodi iz historije civilizacija koju su uglavnom pisali muškarci. Oni i danas kreiraju politike i imaju moć da određuju kanone u nauci, književnosti i svim drugim oblastima života..
More...Keywords: initiative; passivity; stereotypes; norms; love;
Autor ovog rada bavi se pitanjima rodnih predrasuda o muškoj inicijativnosti i ženskoj pasivnosti u romantičnim vezama. Ključna pitanja koja rad pogađa jesu pitanja zašto se smatra da muškarci moraju biti ti koji će inicirati romantične susrete, zašto žene moraju biti pasivne i zašto se ženska inicijativnost promatra kao oblik promiskuitetnosti. Da li je žena samo nagrada za mušku inicijativnost i upornost? Da li su stidljivi muškarci manje muškarci zbog svoje stidljivosti? Rad će obuhvatiti i pitanje filozofije ljubavi kao koncepta sinteze bića u polju njihove emotivnosti koju krase ideali iskrenosti, otvorenosti, direktnosti, kao i dokidanje ostvarenja emotivnog odnosa čiji rezultat jeste oslobođenje čiste emotivne naklonosti u ostvarenoj društvenosti. Time će biti otvorena pitanja prisutnosti rodnih stereotipa u domenu inicijativnosti u romantičnim vezama, a sliku jednog stanja dat će presjek određenih istraživanja nad populacijom u američkom prostoru. Tako će se otvoriti i pitanja alternativa, tj. šta je potrebno učiniti da se razbiju rodni stereotipi i koji koraci emancipacije moraju biti napravljeni da bi se ovo ostvarilo.
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