Keywords: Poland; Democratic Left Alliance; scandal; Gazeta Wyborcza; Leszek Miller; Lew Rywin; Andrzej Jagiello; Agora; Sejm; Grzegorz Kurczuk; Krzysztof Janik
The last thing the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) needed was another scandal.
More...Keywords: energy efficiency; electric drive; energy balance; power factor; informatic instruments.
The implementation of sustainable development in Romania and the abrupt increase of prices for fussil fuels have imposed more serious activies for the examination of the energy consumption in different industrial sectors. Here, the asynchronous electric motors represent the main loads; therefore the energy consumption in electrical drives has to be careffuly watched. The achievement of various procedures to improve energy efficiency, compulsory imposes an energy balance who aims to illustrate the existent profile of energy consumption . The study presents an industry case study about estimation of operating systems functioning that use variable speed motors, highlighting the necessity and appropriateness of using informatic instruments that provide calculations needed to elaborate energy balance and by that, to determine the measures to increase energetic efficiency.
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Keywords: individualization of disciplinary action; replacing disciplinary; court; disciplinary suspension; compensation; illegal disciplinary sanctions
Court's ability to replace the disciplinary sanction imposed by the employer with an easier one is the power to individualize employee’s disciplinary sanction imposed by the general statutory criteria – the circumstances of committing the crime, the degree of culpability of the employee consequences of a disciplinary offence, the general behaviour of the employee and any disciplinary sanctions previously incurred. Another issue under discussion and which was not brought about a unified point of view is about the possibility of temporary suspension of disciplinary decision enforcement, pending resolution of the challenge which the court was invested with. This is why it’s necessary the intervention of the legislator as statuary express the legal nature of the disciplinary decision. In all cases where the court ordered the annulment of illegality punish the employee who suffered an injury will receive compensation under article 52, paragraph 2, article 78 or, where appropriate, article 269 paragraph 1 of the Labour Code.
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Keywords: copyright; public communication; retransmission; broadcasting
The rapid development of digital and network technologies has led to a situation where the protection of intellectual property objects related to their digitization and use in the communication networks has become the most problematic in the field of copyright and related rights. Thus, the traditional concepts of copyright and related rights become increasingly irrelevant in the context of new ways of use, such as the use on/via the Internet. Given the existing conditions, the authors of this article examine the legal aspects governing the concepts of public communication, reproduction, transmission, retransmission, broadcasting organization and of rights resulting therefrom under continuing and rapid development of information and communication technologies.
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Keywords: prohibition of some rights; life imprisonment; complementary punishment; conditionally released person; ancillary punishment.
This study proposes the approach of an identified problem with regard to the regulation of the manner of applying the complementary punishment of prohibition to exercise some rights. By the analysis made within this study, the author identifies a situation of inequity which can arise in precise cases between the case of the sentenced person conditionally released from serving the punishment of life imprisonment and the case of the conditionally released person sentenced to imprisonment in detention.
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Keywords: crisis; investments; resources; enrollment figures; teaching staff
In the 1980s, the hope for normalization, in the sense of liberalization and international opening in the Romanian higher education, was totally shattered. In the following text I will attempt to analyze, mainly through the prism of primarily quantitative indicators, how the general crisis of the communist system in the 1980s Romania influenced the higher education. I will use for this purpose the specific case of University of Bucharest. Thus, this paper aims to demonstrate that in 1980s, against a background of scarce resources allocated to Romanian education, University of Bucharest has fully felt the decrease of investment funds for teaching materials, household expenditures, inventory items and current repairs and maintenance works. More special challenges that decision makers in the University were striving to solve, in the late 1980s, consisted in exceeding the electricity quotas planned for student dormitories, the need for funds to replace the linen, dishes and other materials essential for the functioning of canteens and dormitories, which in 1988 were long overworn due to intense use, the sustained efforts that the University leadership had to ensure the current supply of student canteens. The review of enrollment figures of the University of Bucharest in the last decade of the communist regime also enables us to see the deep crisis crossed by the institution, together with the whole higher education system in Romania. As I will attempt to present below, 1980s marked a sharp quantitative decline in the dynamic of the teaching staff of University of Bucharest.
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Keywords: innovation; smart specialization; regional development;
A new element that Cohesion Policy brings for 2014-2020 is the need for states and regions to draw Research and Innovation Smart Specialisation Strategies (RIS3) as a pre-condition to access EU funds. The novelty and the flexibility (due to the diversity of the regions from EU) of the concept of Smart Specialisation makes it ambiguous and can lead to a lack of understanding among the regional policymakers. Also, there are questions related to the purpose of the RIS3 for the Cohesion Policy and to the adequacy of the RIS3 precondition for less advanced regions that lack capacities to deliver innovation policies. This article aims to explore the role of the Smart Specialisation concept in the context of the new Cohesion Policy and to analyze the possible implications of RIS3 in the less advanced regions. The analysis is conducted using the economic development approach and the policy perspective. The research method includes a content analysis of 12 preliminary versions of Smart Specialisation Strategies presented by regional policy makers within the Smart Specialisation Platform (a network created by European Commission in 2011 with the aim to provide information, methodologies and expertise to the states and regions).
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Keywords: Henrik Ibsen; An Enemy of the People; reception; adaptation; Arthur Miller; “Vasile Alecsandri” National Theatre in Iași;
Originally written by Henrik Ibsen in 1882, An Enemy of the People was adapted in 1950 by the American playwright Arthur Miller, and this adaptation was the one taken into consideration by the director Claudiu Goga when staging the play at the “Vasile Alecsandri” National Theatre in Iași in 2016. In this paper, we aim to analyze the reception of the play in Iași by also pointing out the differences between Henrik Ibsen’s original, Arthur Miller’s adaptation and Claudiu Goga’s staging and showing that any adaptation of a text leads in fact to a new piece of work. Goga’s staging enjoyed favorable reviews, probably also due to the possible identification of the audience with the social-political realities in Romania.
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Keywords: Transylvanian system of tolerance; reformation; confessional discrimination; humanism;
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Transylvanian Principality had been an Catholic land within the Hungarian Kingdom, led by an elite consisting of three Estates, that of the nobles, later called the Hungarian nation, of the Saxons and of the Szeklers. However, the common population numbered a majority of Orthodox Romanians, without any administrative or political representatives and with restricted rights. The Reformation’s advent in Transylvania showed a broad causality, harbouring theological, moral, ethical reasons but was also pushed by political and stragic considerents.The reformatory process christalized in several confessions from which 3 became main stream and gained legal recognition: Lutheranism, Calvinism and Unitarianism. In the space of 3 decades (1540-1570) the denominations gained legal status and joined Catholicism as official religions. The new denominations and their variables found it relatively easy to emerge out of the Reformation theological pool and, with the exception of Sabbatarians, gained legal status and coexisted. This system became later known as “the Transylvanian system of tolerance” and represented the foundation of the Principality’s constitutionalism (in a broader sense). Even if remarkable, the Transylvanian tolerance didn’t cover all the religious and social layers and even if fueled by the Reformation and humanism, didn’t reach the discrimination and the social iniquitousness experienced by the Romanians.
More...Keywords: family abandonment; legal classification; analogy of law;
The incrimination of family abandonment being a takeover from the old regulation, adopting only the forms of individualisation of punishment, made us wonder whether it covers the whole spectrum of facts and the consequences produced for a correct legal classification. Because any law is perfect, and the legislator at a given moment did not have the ability to foresee, we used the analogy of the law to fill the shortcomings, respecting the very principle of the strict interpretation of the criminal law.
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Keywords: occasion; opportunity; religion; time; catholic christians; decision; choice; personification; allegorie; schemata; transformation; Divinity;
With its origin in Antiquity, the Occasion concept is identified as “ the time of human life, so different from that of the great cycles of nature and history and plastic personified by the deity of Kairos in Greek mythology (Ursache Tcaciuc, Anca)” and the divinity of Occasio to Roman civilization, the notion is taken by the Jesuit Jan David and converted to the spiritual and religious needs of his time. All the ancient sources presented the deity as the best moment, the opportunity, the occasion in time to realize something good. From the totally independence and jovial manifestation, the Occasion becomes one with the meditator, an opportunity to fallow Christ and to proceed in Divine Salvation.
More...Keywords: cognitive emotion strategies; abuse; women
In this article we investigated the presence of child abuse in women; the comparative evaluation of coping strategies, cognitive-emotional in two groups of women: abused and non-abused (N = 175). For this purpose, we used the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale (Sanders, Becher-Lausen, 1995), as well as the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski, Kraaij, Spinhoven, 2001). The results show that generally there are differences in which coping strategies are used by non-abused and abused women when it comes to slow adaptable strategies. Such strategies as Self-blaming, Blaming others and Catastrophizing are more frequently utilized in case of women who experienced child-abuse. Non-abused women adopt high adaptable strategists in stress management, especially Refocusing on Planning and Positive Reevaluation, where they got high scores. Regarding correlations of cognitive-emotional inter-strategies for women who were abused in childhood, we remark that there are associations between slow adatable strategies, Self-blaming, Catastrophizing and Acceptance; moderated correlations between Acceptance and Rumination.
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Keywords: geometry; quadrangle; triangle; calculus;
The work reveals the geometric classic characteristics which yields from simple vectorial relations which can be imaginated using dots on the side and diagonals of a quadrangle, that can be next conveyed in a convex quadrangle and can drawn the attention translating a characteristic from the quadrangle to the triangle.
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Keywords: integrity; Augustine’s conception of good; nature; form; measure; order; religious freedom;
In the history of philosophy and theology, the good has been defined in various ways. As a fundamental right and democratic value, religious freedom is an absolutely necessary spiritual good for a civilized and free society. The present study summarizes Augustine’s conception of good. This synthesis will provide a general theoretical framework which can be applied to the specific good of religious freedom. Augustine’s thought, who defines good in connection with the concepts of nature, form, measure and order can make a useful contribution to the debates on religious freedom at both the political and ecclesial levels. The study concludes with a few reflections on religious freedom viewed from the perspective of the four Augustinian criteria.
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Keywords: Măgura; Bacău county; stone sceptre; Bronze Age; Noua culture;
This article brings into question a stone scepter found in Măgura-Şipote, Bacău County, to the West of the city, on the eastern slope of Culmea Pietricica (com. Măgura, Bacău County). For this object the conditions of the discovery are not known but, on the basis of analogues can be attributed to the late Bronze Age (Noua culture).
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Keywords: Bacău; Museum Complex "Iulian Antonescu"; ethnography section;
L'auteur présente, chronologiquement, l'activité du secteur d'ethnographie du Complexe Muséal „Iulian Antonescu” de Bacău. Le commencement de ce secteur eut considère le donation de la collection du prêtre V. Heisu.
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Keywords: asylum; migration; human rights; COVID-19 restrictions; People’s Advocate;
This paper presents the evidence and experience that underpin the legislative initiatives proposed for migration and asylum. It points to the key challenges in relation to migration faced by the European Union. Since the migration crisis of 2015, the number of arrivals and composition of flows have changed significantly, both between and along the different migratory routes. Additionally, there is significant variation of migratory pressure across countries and in terms of the tools applied to address it. Romania is exposed to migration routes in the present and we identified a number of challenges that prevent the EU’s current system from being fit to address the realities of migration, able to ensure international protection for those in need and effective and humane return of irregular migrants, fair in terms of solidarity and sharing of responsibility between Member States as well as ready for use in times of crisis and situations of force majeure. This article provides an overview of the legislative and non-legislative proposals that seek to address the gaps and inefficiencies identified.
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Keywords: university ethics; university ethics commissions; procedure; Law no. 1 of 2011; Law no. 206 of 2004;
The legislative provisions applicable to the activity of the university ethics commissions in Romania are multiple and most of the times contradictory. Thus, the activity of the university ethics commissions is much more difficult, and the finality of the procedures is put under the sign of uncertainty. This article highlights the need to amend those provisions concerning the deadlines and the procedure for settlement, as well as the manner of their implementation. The study is based on research conducted on the specialized literature, related legislation, national jurisprudence and the decisions of the advisory councils beside to the ministries. At the end are presented the proposals of the ferenda law of the authors regarding the harmonization of Law no. 1 of 2011 and of Law no. 206 of 2004.
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Keywords: history of education; Banat in the nineteenth century; administration; teacher;
The management of confessional schools was a complex problem for the local authorities. Lack of the necessary funds, problems with the employment of teachers, the problems of patrimony occur from the first minutes of the meetings with the school committee. This work presents five years, 1881-1886, when the school in Saravale village, in Timis county, was established, using documents from the archives.
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