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Keywords: Henry Miller; Jews; Studies of literature;
Književnost je zarazna, kači se kao virus. Miler nas smešta u pravo književno žarište i, čitajući ga, mi podjarujemo vatru našeg sopstvenog pera.
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Keywords: capital structure; equity capital; debt; shares; bonds; tax shield;
An essential condition for the proper functioning of Polish enterprises is the stability of tax solutions. However, over the years 2018–2019, several variants of tax changes appeared, which may have a significant impact on the capital structure of enterprises. The implementation of one of the variants will create specific preferences for the use of equity or foreign capital. The purpose of the papers is to analyse the impact of possible changes in the tax rates on the decisions of management boards of enterprises regarding the methods of financing Polish enterprises and shaping their capital structure. To achieve the research goal, the paper presents the capital structure and the evolution of theoretical concepts regarding the preferences for financing enterprises with shares or bonds. Particular attention was paid to Merton Howard Miller’s model, which argued that enterprises can use interest tax shields that reduce the basis for calculating income tax. The analytical-descriptive and comparative methods were used. Scenarios of changes in taxation were presented and preferences for the use of equity or foreign capital were demonstrated using the Miller model. The research results indicate that in the current legal situation there are preferences for financing an entity with corporate bonds and if the most realistic scenario of liquidating the tax levied on interest paid to bond holders plays out, these preferences will further increase.
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Keywords: capital structure; equity capital; debt; shares; bonds; tax shield
An essential condition for the proper functioning of Polish enterprises is the stability of tax solutions. However, over the years 2018–2019, several variants of tax changes appeared, which may have a significant impact on the capital structure of enterprises. The implementation of one of the variants will create specific preferences for the use of equity or foreign capital. The purpose of the papers is to analyse the impact of possible changes in the tax rates on the decisions of management boards of enterprises regarding the methods of financing Polish enterprises and shaping their capital structure. To achieve the research goal, the paper presents the capital structure and the evolution of theoretical concepts regarding the preferences for financing enterprises with shares or bonds. Particular attention was paid to Merton Howard Miller’s model, which argued that enterprises can use interest tax shields that reduce the basis for calculating income tax. The analytical-descriptive and comparative methods were used. Scenarios of changes in taxation were presented and preferences for the use of equity or foreign capital were demonstrated using the Miller model. The research results indicate that in the current legal situation there are preferences for financing an entity with corporate bonds and if the most realistic scenario of liquidating the tax levied on interest paid to bond holders plays out, these preferences will further increase.
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Keywords: reportage; Laboratory of Reportage; Marek Miller; literature; polyphony
The present essay aims to answer the question regarding the place of the Polish reportagein the new historical and communicational situation (after 1989) dominated by electronicmass media. The entire genre is shifting towards literature. This is not a specifically Polishphenomenon, but here it coincided with a great generational change. The genre developmentwas partially blocked by martial law and its consequences, but it was also characterizedby a very strong position of its more literary type worked out by the previous generation,whose representatives regarded it as a testimony formula: the most popular kind of Polishstorytelling in the 20th century. All this has influenced the formation of three schools ofreportage writing that have been operating in the last 20 years. They seem to have beeninspired by three masters of the previous generation: Hanna Krall, Krzysztof Kakolewski andRyszard Kapuscinski. Their presence is proof of the important role the tradition plays insituating the contemporary genre within the history of Polish literature.
More...![Judgment [of the United Kingdom Supreme Court in] R (on the application of Miller) (Appellant) v The Prime Minister (Respondent) [and] Cherry and others (Respondents) v Advocate General for Scotland (Appellant) (Scotland)](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2021_66076.jpg)
Keywords: United Kingdom Supreme Court; judgement;
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Keywords: Smoke; clarinet; analysis; archetypes; effects;
Written for solo clarinet in 1996, the work of composer Doina Rotaru, the Smoke, proposes the illustration of the symbolic element declared in the title by a particular sonority dependent on a space that implies the presence of another instrument, the piano, borrowing from the vibration of its resonance assimilating and absorbing the harmonics. More evident than the piece architecture is the technical means of sound organization, variation principle prevailing in it and causing a certain formal circumstance by rhythmical entity around which the mechanisms are focused. A permanent oscillation between acute and the grave register, rhythmic oscillation between long and short sounds, the contrast between very small and very strong colors, the game between vibrato and non-vibrato, frullatto and non-frullatto, calmo - nervoso - calmo are elements that predominate the whole work, intensifying the emotional intensity many times as an authentic dirge.
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Keywords: concentration camp; Soviet gulags; WWII;
Review of: Stanisław Grzesiuk: Fünf Jahre KZ. Aus dem Polnischen von Antje Ritter- Miller. (Mauthausen-Erinnerungen, Bd. 4.) new academic press. Wien – Hamburg 2020. 487 S. ISBN 978-3-7003-2167-5. (€ 29,90.)
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Keywords: threshold; journey; path; rupture; passage; in-between;
The threshold joins two territories, often contrasting or opposing ones. In the initiation experience, death is a way of transcending lay existence to step into another life, a spiritual one, bringing about regeneration. This scenario, also present in the mystical quest, provides the storyline of the novel Cealaltă lumină (The Other Light). The clash between two tendencies: the pursuit of a life fully enjoyed in the realm of the immanent, and the awareness of belonging to another world, that of the transcendent reality, is inextricably linked to self-introspection. Thus Ariana, the protagonist of this novel, journeys from death to life; her experience allows us to explore this genre which, while maintaining the experiential character specific to autobiographic texts, is related to other writings with strong spiritual undertones, such as the initiation novel or the mystical texts. Following her initiatory journey, with its trials and tribulations and even her initiatory «death», the protagonist’s relation to the sacred is built by means of a painstaking spiritual quest, sustained by her devotion, through a continued process of interiorization. Thus, she comes to resemble the mystics who incessantly follow this path towards the Absolute.The threshold joins two territories, often contrasting or opposing ones. In the initiation experience, death is a way of transcending lay existence to step into another life, a spiritual one, bringing about regeneration. This scenario, also present in the mystical quest, provides the storyline of the novel « Cealaltă lumina » (“The Other Light”). The clash between two tendencies: the pursuit of a life fully enjoyed in the realm of the immanent, and the awareness of belonging to another world, that of the transcendent reality, is inextricably linked to self-introspection. Thus Ariana, the protagonist of this novel, journeys from death to life; her experience allows us to explore this genre which, while maintaining the experiential character specific to autobiographic texts, is related to other writings with strong spiritual undertones, such as the initiation novel or the mystical texts. Following her initiatory journey, with its trials and tribulations and even her initiatory «death», the protagonist’s relation to the sacred is built by means of a painstaking spiritual quest, sustained by her devotion, through a continued process of interiorization. Thus, she comes to resemble the mystics who incessantly follow this path towards the Absolute.The threshold joins two territories, often contrasting or opposing ones. In the initiation experience, death is a way of transcending lay existence to step into another life, a spiritual one, bringing about regeneration. This scenario, also present in the mystical quest, provides the storyline of the novel « Cealaltă lumina » (“The Other Light”). The clash between two tendencies: the pursuit of a life fully enjoyed in the realm of the immanent, and the awareness of belonging to another world, that of the transcendent reality, is inextricably linked to self-introspection. Thus Ariana, the protagonist of this novel, journeys from death to life; her experience allows us to explore this genre which, while maintaining the experiential character specific to autobiographic texts, is related to other writings with strong spiritual undertones, such as the initiation novel or the mystical texts. Following her initiatory journey, with its trials and tribulations and even her initiatory «death», the protagonist’s relation to the sacred is built by means of a painstaking spiritual quest, sustained by her devotion, through a continued process of interiorization. Thus, she comes to resemble the mystics who incessantly follow this path towards the Absolute.
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Keywords: humour; comic relief; laughter; Geoffrey Chaucer; The Miller’s Tale;
A controversial work back in the 14th century, due to its fragmentation, but still reaching harmony in form and purpose, The Canterbury Tales is approached in the present article as the epitome of comic writing for its time. Apparently, there were/are various strands of the comic tradition available in Chaucer’s time. Therefore, how the author put them to good use is note-worthy for several reasons. While, nowadays we consider a comedy as a dramatic genre and the comic as something that can trigger laughter, medieval definitions feature neither drama nor laughter. The present comparative approach deals with identifying the potential triggers of laughter during 14th century England as compared to the perspective taken by 21st century English language students from the University of Pitesti who took part in a survey on the above-mentioned topic.
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Keywords: millers; water mills; economic crime; black market
A wide range of crisis phenomena that had roots in the Great War affected the first post-war years of the newly established Czechoslovak Republic. They included the supply crisis leading to an unacceptable increase in prices, shortage of almost all daily commodities, a thriving black market, hunger, and social tension. Illegal business helped many people, mostly foodstuff traders and producers, to make a fortune.Josef Karel Ort was a remarkable figure connected with the mill on the Ohře River in Koštice, North Bohemia. Although his businesses violated the law, Ort provided work for the imperial and royal state authorities during the war and afterwards also the Czechoslovak ones. His illegal businesses crossed the regional borders and eventually those of the state as well. When Ort was arrested in April 1919 and taken to court, the journalists called his case ‘The Ort Affair’. The judicial proceedings uncovered his illegal businesses that took advantage of the catastrophic supply situation, imposed several custodial sentences, impounded several tens of tons of corn and miller’s products, imposed an enormous financial penalty, and finally the court of appeal issued a ruling that, colloquially speaking, turned the villain into a hero.Part of the article is specifically devoted to Josef Karel Ort, a modern-thinking man, sponsor of many fellowships, and pioneer of modern conveniences. His family situation did not fall into oblivion either. After his death in 1927, he left behind immense wealth, debts, and an exceptional life story.
More...Keywords: rape culture; Penelopiad; Margaret Atwood; Circe; Madeline Miller
The subject of the paper was the analysis of rape culture in the novella Penelopiad (2005) by Margaret Atwood and the novel Circe (2018) by Madeline Miller. ‘Rape culture’ is a term coined by feminists in the seventies of the XX century, in order to describe the climate of normalizing rape through various media, including literature, art, television and radio. Although the term ‘rape culture’ may seem like an oxymoron, we use the term ‘culture’ because the normalization of rape is perpetuated by society. After tracing the history around the term, the focus was put on the ancient times and its ever-present culture of rape. Considering that Margaret Atwood and Mаdeline Miller both chose to rewrite the myth of Odyssey, we first interpreted the original epic poem written by Homer. The second part of the paper, therefore, dealt with the analysis of rape culture in Homer’s epic and its general history as seen in ancient Greek laws, mythology, and literature. In ancient times, we revealed that not only was there quite an observable culture of rape in literature and art, but also in laws as well, especially regarding slaves and servants. Only virgin women of noble stature were somewhat protected by the law. Therefore, to the Greek audience, all the instances that we may point out as perpetuating and normalizing rape culture, would have been quite normal. Perhaps this is the very reason that a trend of rewriting ancient epics in a contemporary fashion was picked up by many authors, particularly female authors, in order to give the female characters voices they do not seem to have in their ancient versions. In the third part of the paper, we highlight the similarities and differences in the two authors’ contemporary rewritings of the observed rape culture in the epic Odyssey. Margaret Atwood, having already written a satire novella on rape, titled Rape Fantasies, is no stranger to this topic. Atwood’s novella Penelopiad is coloured with her recognizable irony, especially with having chosen Penelope as the narrator, showing her side of the story, but also the part she played as a queen, in court, pertaining to the rape of her servant maids. Madeline Miller, on the other hand, having come from a different socio-political background, gives power and voice to her female protagonist that Atwood isn’t inclined to give hers. Because of this striking difference, we also have to take into account the socio- 106 political climate of the time in which the two authors wrote, due to the obvious, even though small, temporal distance that could have affected their narrative approach. We conclude that, although both Atwood and Miller show the reality and consequences of rape culture in both ancient and contemporary times, the latter still approached this narrative with more optimism, while Miller opted to show graphically the act of Circe’s rape. Atwood still maintains her recognizable style full of irony and dark humor, giving the maids a voice to tell their story at the very end, which ultimately results in no change.
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Keywords: Culture; politics; nationalism; Serbian intellectual circle;
Review of: Nick Miller, The Nonconformists. Culture, Politics, and Nationalism in a Serbian Intellectual Circle, 1944-1991, Central European University Press, ISBN: 978-963-7326-93-6
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Keywords: Mad Max; Anthropocene; post-apocalyptic cinema; George Miller;
The article discusses various ways of commemorating the heritage of the Anthropocene in post-apocalyptic cinema. The main subject of consideration is the Mad Max series of films by George Miller.The author of the text shows the evolution of thinking about the human era, as well as changes in theparadigms of organizing memory. Furthermore, the article separates the phases of evaluating the pastin the discussed tetralogy: from longing for civilization and technological power, through dreams of itsreconstruction, to the rejection of the Anthropocene and a turn towards pure nature.
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Keywords: witches; Salem; Arthur Miller; play; hauntology; politics; witch-hunts; McCarthyism;
The following article is an analysis of the events in the 1950s that influenced American playwright Arthur Miller to write the play The Crucible. Miller, known for his negative attitude to the activities of Senator Joseph McCarthy and other conservative politicians, decided to metaphorically depict the horror of the second “red scare,” its impact on society and the mechanisms of power behind the hunt, using the witch trials that took place in the town of Salem in 1692. Necessary for understanding Miller’s drama is the essence of the American political scene at the time and the goals that were to be achieved by causing the panic. The article focuses on the similarities between the historical phenomenon that was the witch hunts and the era of McCarthyism. In addition, it addresses the impact of McCarthy’s activities on the issue of women’s rights and the common denominator linking the “red scare” and the hunts themselves — their misogynistic nature. The article also seeks to provide insight into the way in which both Miller’s drama and the events of the 1950s sought to create an enemy that could be helpful in managing society and its fears. Miller’s drama and the post-war history of the US are examined through the lens of Adam Curtis’ documentaries and Mark Fisher’s theory of hauntology
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Keywords: intertextuality; Henry James; Daisy Miller; Polish translation;
The article adopts a contrastive perspective to the study of intertextual references found in Henry James’s novella Daisy Miller (1878) and its two Polish translations by Jadwiga Olędzka (1961) and Magdalena Moltzan-Małkowska (2013). The aim is to identify selected traces of intertextuality included in the source text and analyse how they have been dealt with by each translator in the process of establishing a new intertextual relationship, namely, that between the original and its translation. Assuming that texts do not exist in a vacuum, but are rather propelled by other (con)textual units, the question is whether and to what extent the intertextual tropes enriching the artistic significance of the novella are available and understandable to the reader of its Polish translations.
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Keywords: Miller-Modigiliani; dividend irrelevance; PSI; Euronext Lisbon; dividend;
Miller and Modigliani´s theories have been studied and discussed by many researchers, but are based on optimal market conditions, where there are no transaction costs or taxes involved. These assumptions are not true to any modern market. One of the most famous theories of M-M is the dividend irrelevance theory, where the authors argued that dividends do not make any difference to the share prices, whether paid or not. This theory too was the target of several researchers, some of them defending it, others critici zing it. This article analyzes their theory based on optimal market conditions and after considering the fact that market deals attract transaction costs and taxes, by testing it on the Euronext Lisbon Portuguese Stock Index (PSI) for the period of 2019-2023. The results prove that M-M´s theory does not apply to the Euronext Lisbon PSI, as the prices tend to change for dividend paying companies, between the cum-dividend date and the ex-dividend date.
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Keywords: review; Aesthetics; Postsocialism; Avant-garde; Philosophy; Art; Aleš Erjavec
Review of: Aleš Erjavec, Art, Philosophy, and Ideology. Writings on Aesthetics and Visual Culture from the Avant-garde to Postsocialism, edited by Tyrus Miller. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2024. ISBN 978-90-04-69750-8 (hardback), ISBN 978-90-04-69751-
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