Keywords: Poland; Leszek Miller; corruption scandal; Lew Rywin; Adam Michnik; Gazeta Wyborcza; European Union
Poland’s Leszek Miller emerges bloodied but defiant from a grueling session before a cross-party commission looking into one of the country’s largest post-1989 scandals.
More...Die pazifistisch-kommunitäre Gemeindeder Hutterischen Brüder, in der sich1529–33 täuferische Immigranten in Südmähren zusammengeschlossen hatten, stellte bis zur Schlacht am Weißen Berge die größte der täuferischen Glaubensgemeinschaften in der Markgrafschaft Mähren dar. Die Hutterer brachten eine umfangreiche Gruppenliteratur überwiegend religiösen Inhalts hervor, die fast ausschließlich handschriftlich tradiert wurde. Im Rahmen einer Katalogisierung der hutterischen Handschriften in europäischen Sammlungen, die 2001–2003 an der Universität Heidelberg durchgeführt wurde, wurden unter anderem ausführliche Quellen zu den Verwüstungen Südwestmährens durch die Hilfstruppen des ungarischen Aufständischen István Bocskai im Jahr 1605 erfaßt, darunter ein Band mit der Korrespondenz des hutterischen Müller Salomon Böger aus Lundenburg (Lyzealbibliothek Bratislava, rkp. zv. 200). Böger unternahm in den Jahren 1607–10 mehrere ausgedehnte Reisen in das türkische Ungarn, Serbien und bis nach Konstantinopel und Nizäa. Seine Briefe berichten, ohne irgendwelche literarischen Ambitionen, anschaulich und bewegend von den Schrecken des Krieges und der Gefangenschaft. Politisch gut informiert, mehrsprachig und im Umgang mit den habsburgischen Diplomaten und den osmanischen Behörden höchst gewandt, bemühte sich der Abgesandte der „Gemeinde Gottes in Mähren“, zahlreiche hutterische bemühte sich der türkischen Sklaverei freizukaufen, bis er 1610 auf dem Weg von der habsburgisch-osmanischen Grenze nach Erlau erschlagen wurde. Bögers unveröffentlichte Korrespondenz verdient als Quelle aus der Perspektive des „Gemeinen Mannes“ weitere Aufmerksamkeit.
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Keywords: clinical case study; ambivalence; dead end; double messages; eclectic intervention
This article presents a case study on the psychotherapeutic intervention with a 27 year old female patient. The client complains about being blocked in her professional and personal life and about depressive moods. Three alternative conceptualizations (Ericksonian, systemic and motivational) show an inefficient problem formulation by the patient, ambivalence, unexposed guilt and a double messages as well as scapegoat’ family pathology. By exploiting these conceptualizations, we describe eclectic interventions meant to clarify the motives, to redefine problems, to reframe family behaviors and to exonerate the blame. In 10 months after the last session, the client successfully initiated her change cycle and feels satisfied by her choices. More profound personality features still favor excessive emotional dependency.
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The author comments on Andra Rotaru's poetry
More...Keywords: clinical case study; depression; dysthymia; schizotypal
This article presents a psychotherapeutic intervention for a young man with a particular psychological structure. The client complains about depressed mood and derealization. Conceptualizations for this case have various perspectives: cognitive-behavioral, Eriksonian and humanistic. The examination reveals psychotic elements, but the urgency for medication is contradicted by the psychiatrist. The therapeutic intervention used small steps and found suitable ways for evaluation and treatment. Therapy seemed the best option, urging the client to develop a more positive attitude and way of thinking. More than two years since his therapy’s end, patient feels he made the right choice by visiting the therapist. He seems thoroughly adapted at multiple levels of his professional and personal life.
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Keywords: intelligent design; theory of evolution; irreducible complexity; naturalism
Celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie poglądów Kennetha R. Millera, dotyczących teorii inteligentnego projektu. Koncepcję nieredukowalnej złożoności Miller uważa za błędną, a całą teorię inteligentnego projektu – za nienaukową.
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Keywords: Cucuteni-Tripolye art; lowland Elan-Horincea; stone figurine
Based on recently published studies on this topic (Ţerna 2013), the article proposes to analyze the conditions of discovery, cultural and chronological affiliation, as well as the authenticity of 14 items based on available data. The gaps were filled in and the documentation errors were corrected. Documentary study has added to the catalog other six figurines. Of the 20 figurines, only five can be included, to a greater or lesser degree of probability, to the Cucuteni-Trypolye culture. 14 items were found in a limited area (lowland Elan-Horincea) and were made known to the science world by an amateur archaeologist during the past 25 years without specification of the exact conditions of discovery. It is surprising that in a small area (about 120 sq. Km.) were found 14 artifacts, whereas in the entire area (about 1,000 000 sq. Km.) only five stone figurines have been discovered. In addition, the artifacts discovered in this area have obvious differences from the well-known characteristics of Cucuteni-Trypolye art. This can be explained either by the existence in the area of a certain "art center", with much more valuable products than the average compared to the rest territory of the Cucuteni-Trypolye culture, either a modern imitation of Cucuteni models in a modernist style. The author is inclined rather to the second explanation, considering that the authenticity of the 14 statues of lowland Elan-Horincea should be subjected to serious doubts.
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Keywords: competence; curricular reconsideration; integrated curriculum; preparatory grade;
The introduction of the preparatory grade in Romanian primary education has generated its first results. Considering the above, there arises the following question: Are the students from the Pedagogy of Primary and Preschool Education properly trained for the challenges of the preparatory grade? To answer this question, our study relates to two perspectives: 1. theoretical – Investigating the preparatory grade as a research object, based on unmistakable psycho-pedagogical and didactic particularities. We have systematized several defining aspects of how the teaching activity is designed, organized and conducted in the preparatory grade (curricular design centred on competences, specific aims, integrated curriculum, the ludic dimension of the process, evaluation particularities), in order to trace the way in which the training of students is done according to these coordinates; 2. the curricular-pragmatic approach – in relation to the initial training of prospective teachers for primary and preschool education. By analyZing the specialization curriculum and the syllabi for the specialty disciplines in the attempt to articulate their vertical and horizontal correlation, we have structured several proposals for improving the academic curriculum for the bachelor study program The Pedagogy of Primary and Preschool Education. Our aim has been to enhance the correspondence between initial training in this domain and the quality of the beneficiaries’ insertion into the process, at the level of the preparatory grade.
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Keywords: social media; teens; online social practice; prosocial behavior; online interactions;
In the proposed article, starting from some theoretical considerations, we will reflect on the influence of online social networking on adolescent social attitudes and practices. At the same time, we will touch on some aspects of current trends in adolescents' preferences for the online communication space, as well as their prosocial behavior on social media. Many studies have highlighted the negative effect of using online social networks by children and adolescents. It is worth exploring, however, the positive impact of these practices. Adolescents' social relationships online are supported by the element of reciprocity in the exchange of positive messages, and this effect also reflects in real life.
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Keywords: SSP (Spanish for specific purposes); second language acquisition; teaching spanish as a foreign language; sociolinguistics; linguistic variation;
This article has been retracted. Although the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language makes us feel in constant change as the dynamics in our globalized world are in constant change, we can have the same feeling, or even more enhanced, with the teaching / learning of Spanish for specific purposes, since the same evolution in research makes this subjacent teaching context an exciting task. We rely on the fact that the needs of current learners have evolved, having a more practical objective of language learning as it can ease or even upgrade their professional situation. For Spanish students from the world of construction and engineering, they want their knowledge of the language and specialised vocabulary in Spanish to singularize them, acting as a differentiator from their fellows. Consequently, their becoming specialists in Spanish for architecture and construction is a means to an end, driven by a professional development motivation, with a significant linguistic counterpart.
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Keywords: Decaying world; melting bodies; Philip K. Dick; Androids; Walter M. Miller; Leibowitz; toxic landscapes; anthropocentric;
Günümüzde özellikle insan-merkezci bir yaklaşımın yetersiz (ve yanıltıcı) olması, teknolojiyle giderek bütünleşen, değişen, dönüşen bedenlerimizin oluşması ve bir parçası olduğumuz çevreyi değiştirdiğimiz gibi bu çevre tarafından da değiştirilmemiz beraberinde farklı bir bakış açısının da gereksinimini doğurmuştur. İçerisinde bulunduğumuz “posthüman dönüm noktası” (the posthuman turn) diye tanımlanan bu dönemde insan olmanın ne demek olduğunu anlamaya ve anlamlandırmaya çalışıyoruz. Posthümanizm insanın ayrıcalıklı bir varlık olmadığını, daha ziyade canlı ve cansız, insan ve insan olmayan, tüm varlıklarla birlikte aynı yatay düzlemde değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini vurgular. Ian Bogost’un da altını çizdiği gibi “Biz insanlar öğeleriz, ama felsefi ilginin tek öğeleri değiliz. OOO1 hiçbir şeyin özel bir statüsünün olmadığını herşeyin eşit varolduğunu öne sürer”2(6). Bu eşit statüdeki varlıkların aralarındaki ilişkilere bakıldığında ise müşterek “içten-etkileşim” (intra-active) oldukları gözlemlenmektedir. Karşılıklı etkileşim (interaction) yerine “içten-etkileşim” olmak Karen Barad’a göre müşterek dolanmışlığı ifade eder, zira “münferit öğeler ayrık değildir” (33). Bu bağlamda doğa ve kültürü ele aldığımızda insan ne salt doğaya ne de salt kültüre ait bir varlıktır: her ikisi de ayrıştırılamaz bir biçimde dolanmışlığı ifade eder. Bu noktada dikotomi (ikili karşıtlık) söyleminin işlevsizliğinden, yetersizliği sebebiyle doğa ve kültürü daha bütüncül değerlendirebileceğimiz terminolojiyi yine posthümanizmin çatısı altında bulabiliriz. Bruno Latour’un 1991’de yazdığı ve 1993’te İngilizceye çevrilen kitabında tireyle ayrılan “doğa-kültürler” (104) (“natures-cultures”) terimi yerine yaklaşık on yıl sonra Donna Haraway’in 2003 yılında yayımlanan Yoldaş Türler Manifestosu’nda “doğakültürler” (1) olarak birleştirilen teriminden yola çıkmak daha yerinde olacaktır. Doğakültürler kavramıyla doğal ve kültürel, bedensel ve zihinsel, maddesel ve anlamsal, vs. olan öğelerin dolaşıklığını anlamlandırabilmemiz için gereklidir. Levi R.Bryant’ın sözleriyle “insanlar artık varlığın hükümdarları değil, varlıklar arasında [vurgu orijinalinde], varlıklarla dolanmış [vurgu orijinalinde] ve başka varlıkların içine dâhil [vurgu orijinalinde] olmuşlardır” (40). Bu bağlamda posthüman varlık üst-organizmanın veya ekosistemin, bir öğesi olmakla kalmayıp, beslediği ve beslendiği diğer öğelerle de dolaşık ağsal ilişkiler içerisindedir. Bununla birlikte, insanlar, Timothy Morton’ın değişiyle, “gezegensel ölçekte jeofiziksel etkiye sahip [vurgu orijinalinde] bir varlığın parçasıdır şimdi” (9). İnsanın insan olmayan öğelerle bir asamblaj (assemblage) parçası olarak hareket etmesi, tüm dünyayı kapsayacak ve etkileyecek bir etki yaratmış, hatta dünyanın felakete sürüklenmesine neden olmuştur (Morton 20). Bu makale, bu noktalardan hareketle kıyamet sonrası bilim kurgu metinlerinde nükleer serpintinin sonucu olarak meydana gelen toksik manzaraları yukarıda değinilen posthümanizm(ler) açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ele alınacak metinlerden ilki Phillip K. Dick’in Androidler Elektrikli Koyun Düşler mi? (Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?1968); ikincisi ise Walter M. Miller’ın Leibowitz için bir İlahi’sidir (A Canticle for Leibowitz 1959). Her iki romanda da gerçekleşen nükleer felaketin nedenleri insanlar tarafından unutulmuş olmasına rağmen serpintinin izleri baki kalmıştır. Toksisite toprağa, suya, havaya yayıldığı gibi organik bedenlere de sirayet etmiş, bedenlerin bozumuna sebep olmuştur. İnsan ve insan olmayan öğelerin radyasyondan etkilenmesi ve çevrelerin toksikliği, zihinle bedenin erimesine, dünyanın çürümesine, erozyonuna uğramasına ve dönüşmesine neden olması bakımından özellikle ekolojik posthümanizm açısından da incelenmeye elverişlidir.
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Keywords: Life imprisonment; inhuman treatment; possibility of parole;
The article debates the relevant new jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights regarding life imprisonment without parole, the interference of such a punishment with the rights prescribed under art 3 of the European Convention of Human Rights and the impact that such a decision has over several national legislations.
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Keywords: economy; education; finance;
The year 2020 is one of the reference years for human history, both in terms of current challenges at European level (including global), but especially as a result of its societal, financial and economic consequences, and the multiple changes that we face we confront and adapt each of us. The health crisis caused simultaneous crises, respectively economic crisis, with a major economic slowdown, especially on small businesses, and the European Union (EU) in this period (February-April 2020) supported concretely through monetary and fiscal policy measures, respectively through the Temporary Framework of the European Commission. Furthermore, the fiscal policy instruments used included the adaptation of state aid rules to the exceptional circumstances generated by the coronavirus pandemic, in order to allow Member States to support their savings through direct or indirect intervention State aid could also be used during this period to remedy the serious economic turmoil. Another effect of the health crisis has been linked to the European education system, and the decision-makers of the moment have changed the paradigm from the form of classical education to the form of digital education. In the multitude of effects of this crisis, we believe that the fundamental element alongside the right to life must remain the fundamental pillar of democracy, namely the protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms and addressing decisions in the context of upholding these fundamental human rights.1 In this paper we aim on the one hand to highlight some of the main measures applied by European Member States, but especially to specify directions of the education system in the current context, given that in any crisis the human factor has been and is the key in resolving crises, regardless of them.
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Keywords: ironic communication; self-diegetic narrative; narrative perspective; discursive strategy; subjectivity; feminine irony;
What is irony? Can we give it a set definition, if its faces are so diverse and multiple? What can be stated is that literary irony involves a discursive strategy and narrative techniques such as focusing and free indirect discourse, which allow a change of perspective in the narrative. Our approach is to explore the modalities and elements necessary to talk about irony in the novel A Soul Opens to Life. Blandine. The different types of irony that we have identified are: self-irony, winked irony and irony of fate; they intertwine in many fragments and form the clues to textual polyphony. A rhetorical strategy is used to promote ironic communication and the narrative system is adapted to this kind of discourse. Thus the irony of fate appears as an attempt of self-evaluation, but also marks the reader's active position in the process of critical reflection.
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Keywords: ethics; higher education; new vision;
Dezbaterile din spațiul public privind proiectul de lege pentru învățământ superior (NPL) lansat la data de 13 iulie 2022 au fost ample și au vizat numeroase aspecte. O parte a acestor discuții au avut ca obiect prevederile privind etica universitară, însă au vizat preponderent aspectele instituționale din perspectiva comisiilor consultative cu atribuții în domeniu ale ministerului de resort (Comisia Națională de Etică a Titlurilor Universitare – CNETU și Comisia Națională de Etică a Managementului Universitar - CNEMU) și doar marginal alte aspecte ale aplicării concrete a prevederilor legale.
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Keywords: environmental law; teaching methods; project; complementary resources; TED;
Environmental law, in the current context of society's evolution, is a highly topical discipline. The study of this discipline is not easy, being made difficult by the great diversity of environmental protection fields and implicitly the legislation. Also, the teaching of this discipline is challenging, requiring the adaptation of classic teaching methods but also the finding of new tools. The present paper, starting from the presentation of some technical aspects of the discipline that produce barriers in the teachinglearning process, presents the author's experience in using (i) the project, as a personalized teaching method and (ii) complementary online information resources.
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Keywords: favoritism; entitlement nepotism; reciprocal nepotism; tacit knowledge transfer; cultural motivations;
The aim of this paper is to provide a short review of the main aspects of favoritism in the working environment. First, it introduces various types of favoritism. Second, the article tackles the issue of nepotism and presents new findings of the literature according to which some nepotism (reciprocal nepotism) manifests positive values for the working environment. In addition, we also present a few conditions which are favourable for reciprocal nepotism and which are said to contribute positively to the working environment. Furthermore, our paper aims at identifying cultural motivations behind the fairly wide spread of favoritism in Romanian society.
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Keywords: lexis; phraseology; linguistic picture of the world; culture;
Sleep, understood as a physiological need of man, accompanies him in accordance with the daily rhythm, the incidental disruption of which is not life-threatening. The important role of sleep is evidenced by the rich vocabulary assigned to it, as well as collections of sayings that interpret or use figuratively this aspect of physiology. An analysis of dictionary resources made it possible to extract from them more than 300 lexical units (nominalisms and verbalisms) denoting sleep neutrally (e.g.: nap, half-sleep, drowsiness; sleep away, sleep in, have a good sleep) and marked, including humorously (e.g.: snore, cop some Z’s, conk off, rack, wrap yourself like a pancake) or crudely. The image of sleep from a physiological perspective is also reflected in a total of over 240 proverbs of different origins and longevity in the Polish language. They interpret both the beneficial effects of sleep (e.g.: Sleep is your best friend; Get some sleep, tomorrow will be better) as well as its negative sides (e.g.: No one has made any money by sleeping; Those who sleep for a long time suffer from poverty). The dream motif is used in literature, mainly that intended for children, as a didactic aspect.
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