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GROUPS OF ANTI-COMMUNIST ARMED RESISTANCE IN SOUTHERN MOLDAVIA (1945-1958)

FORMAŢIUNI DIN REZISTENŢA ARMATĂ ANTICOMUNISTĂ ÎN SUDUL MOLDOVEI (1945-1958)

Author(s): Dorin Dobrincu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: VI/2005

Following the Second World War, the constraint of Soviet pattern in Romania was doubled by punitive measures against political enemies and, generally speaking, against everyone seen, by the communist regime, as intruder. Those who managed to escape from being imprisoned tried to hide, part of them arming themselves, constituting anticommunist groups and organizations. The phenomenon was to be noticed even in Southern Moldavia. Usually there were small formations, consisting in few members (such as the groups leaded by Ioan Milian, Ioan Lupes, Constantin Dan etc.); beside those there were larger groups („The Resistance Centre from Uturea”, „The Carpathian Eagle Legion”, „The Young Guard”/”Home’s Shield”, „The State’s Rescuers”, the group leaded by Dumitru Oprisan, „The Anticommunist Surreptitious Group”, „ The Falcons from Crusade of Freedom”, „The Movement of People of Justice from Romania”, „The Organization of Relievers from Focsani” etc.) While some of these organizations had a program of their own, other groups were nothing but a concourse of events union of few fugitives away from the communist regime. From a political point of view the members of these groups and organizations were Iron Guardists, Peasants, Liberals, former members of Communist Party or Young Communists Union, or pure citizens, members of no party at all. Most of them were young, enrolled in high schools, but there were also older ones. Anticommunist resistance from Southern Moldavia meant no great danger for the communist regime, but exposed the local authorities to some difficulties; thus, the latter couldn’t pretend total control over the population. All these anticommunist nucleuses were cut down during the first decade of existence of the totalitarian regime. Their members were assassinated during fighting, or were simply executed by special platoons, while those captured were tried by military instances and thrown away in Romanian prisons.

From Beyond Waters. Pages of a Diary and Other Texts

De dincolo de ape. Pagini de jurnal şi alte texte

Author(s): Lucian Vasile Bâgiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 01/2011

Keywords: biography; diary; exile; patriotism; publicist; Romania; USA;

The author himself has not planned his activity as a publicist to fit into a unitary volume, as it is mainly a late gathering of earlier works. These objective circumstances determine the characteristic expository feature of our approach, as we have tried mainly to summarize the contents of the abovementioned works and to illustrate the characteristics of the intellectual and aesthetic profile of the author. Additionally, we assume the commentary and interpretation of the author`s discourse, especially when his opinions prove a unity of vision with the literary works. Often, the notes in these secondary works offer new information regarding the alchemy and genesis of his literary work, with reference to biographical experiences regrettably interrupted. Without wishing to impose an exclusivist opinion, we believe that the main value, sometimes impossible to tell, of these volumes is that of documents, and, thus, this essay can be seen as complementarities of the biographical portrait of the author. Between the lines written for more than sixty years, we can figure out the cultural portrait of a personality who cultivated his firm, constant beliefs stoically and with dignity. Paradoxically, it is here that we see a complete Valeriu Anania, perhaps more than anywhere else. In the volume De dincolo de ape. Pagini de jurnal şi alte texte (From Beyond Waters. Pages of a Diary and Other Texts), we remark the option the articles offer to reconfigure the complex personality of the author, to reconstruct the psychological and intellectual profile of the writer in a previously little known stage of his life. Eventually, we face an instrument useful for the depiction of a most likely authentic bio-bibliographical portrait of the writer. For Valeriu Anania, who, at the time he wrote this diary, had just got out of prison after six years of detention and was situated at a huge distance from his native land he loved so passionately, yearning was no longer a mere abstraction. The thought appears in a super-dimensional shape of what is fundamentally and innerly Romanian, not with regard to meaning, but to expression.

Exoticism as a Way of Life: from Timisoara to Singapore

Exotismul ca mod de viata: de la Timisoara la Singapore

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 08/2014

Blaj and the Great Union. Pages from the activity of the Romanian National Council from Blaj (november 1918- february 1919)

Blajul și Marea unire. Pagini din activitatea Consiliului Național Român din Blaj (noiembrie 1918- februarie 1919)

Author(s): Mihai-Octavian Groza / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: Transylvania;1918; Great Union; Romanian National Council; Romanian National Guard

The activity of the Romanian national councils, from Lower Alba county and the activity of the Romanian National Council of Blaj are extended and of great interest. Regarding the events that preceded the Great Union of 1918, historians have written extensively both general and particular works, addressing different viewpoints, studying this exceptional episode of our national history. Our approach is intended to be a short introduction of the tense atmosphere from the end of the year 1918 and an analysis of the activity of the Romanian National Council of Blaj. Such research topics were subjects for historians, as Marcel Ştirban and Viorica Lascu, especially with the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Great Union (1968). However, during the last half century this subject was abandoned. Gradually historians returned to this topic, mainly because we are approaching the 2018 moment (centenary of the Great Union). In this context we intend to bring our humble contribution to the existing knowledge of the activity of this organism, by reinterpreting the studies and the papers, published so far.

THE LEGAL REFLECTIONS OF MATERIAL APPROPRIATIONS

REFLECTARILE JURIDICE ALE APROPRIERILOR MATERIALE

Author(s): Danil Matei / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: Supplement/2011

Keywords: property; possession; use; disposition; detention.

Passing to a new Civil Code, adopted by Law no. 287/2009, after having applied the existing civil code for almost 150 years, urged the author to investigate the evolution of the juridical thinking – the legislator, the instances and the doctrine - in the matter of the properties related rights, classified by the nomenclature as "rights in rem” . The first Civil Code entirely national – the one in force is a copy of the French Code – is not getting out of the cultural authority of the Roman Right, which decisively determined the Napoleonic legislation. Thus, the two Codes “communicate” between them also as regarding some regulatory insufficiencies that the author claims to affect the social efficiency of the Law as normative work of the State, as officer of the political society. Are observed and critically treated: – the expression in norm of three property attributes – the possession, the use (usage) and the disposition – instead of only two – possession and disposition; the absence from regulation of the relation, which should be organic, between the attributes of property and its dismemberments (the useful rights it can be decomposed into); the failure to regulate the contracts for exploiting such useful rights; maintaining the juridical duality of possession – as attribute of the property and as detention legally protected outside the property; the special consideration given to the accidental possession; the limitation of the rights in rem as a „numerus clausus”.

Contents

Cuprins

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): / Issue: 01/2011

THE STONE GRAVE FROM ŞINCAI (MUREŞ COUNTY)

MORMÂNTUL ÎN CISTĂ DE PIATRĂ DE LA ŞINCAI (JUD. MUREŞ)

Author(s): Zoltan Szekely / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: Coţofeni Culture; Schneckenberg Culture; funeral rite; stone grave; Roska Mârton.

In this paper the author discusses an original manuscript of the great archaeologist of the last century. Mârton Roska, in which he presents the inventory of a stone grave, discovered on "the heathen castle" („Cetatea Păgânilor”, " Pogânyvâr "), located 3 km south- west of the Şincai village (Mureş county). This manuscript, although in many respects it is already antiquated, however does in my belief provide valuable information, and in terms of chronological classification - in the Schneckenberg culture - the author's observations are still valid. Particularly important is the fact that it has enriched the repertoire of stone graves in the area of Schneckenberg culture with one more point, up to the present unknown in the archaeological literature. This information is especially interesting, because during the five systematic excavation campaigns conducted by Valeriu Lazăr in the settlement of Şincai no other grave made of stone slabs was found. Not even the presence of such building blocks is mentioned.

OUR LIBRARIANS’ BOOKS

CĂRȚILE BIBLIOTECARILOR NOŞTRI

Author(s): Mircea Regneală / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2016

General Table of Contents: Issues XXI to XXX

Sumarul numerelor XXI-XXX

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: General Table of Contents: Issues XXI to XXX

General Table of Contents: Issues XXI to XXX

Memoirs regarding the Activity of the Romanian Legion from Prague (1918)

ÎNSEMNÃRI MEMORIALISTICE REFERITOARE LA ACTIVITATEA LEGIUNII ROMÂNE DIN PRAGA (1918)

Author(s): Mihai-Octavian Groza / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 13/2019

Keywords: memoirs; Romanian legion; Prague; soldier; officer;

The Romanian Legion from Prague, founded on the 30th of October, 1918, on the background of the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian army and monarchy, was an organism that brought its contribution to supporting the actions coordinated by the Czech national-political militants, as well as to organizing the Romanian soldiers and officers of the Second Regiment Braşov, the 51st Cluj and the 37th Oradea, quartered in the Bohemian capital. Through the present study with the aim of providing the academic comunity with research material and not only with a series of fragments scored in the autumn and winter of the year 1918, especially in Prague, where a legion consisting of the former Romanian soldiers and officers of the Austro-Hungarian army was born, we analyze and restore three annotations of memoirs written by Gavril Câmpeanu, Gheorghe Repede and Horia-Petra Petrescu (members of the Romanian Legion from Prague), less known authors of memoirs. From our point of view, the three fragments of memoirs represent essential texts for studying the activity of the Romanian Legion from Prague which outline the contribution of this national organism to the proclamation and defence of the Czechoslovak state, founded in the autumn of the year 1918, and also the action of concentrating, organizing and sending to Transylvania the Romanian soldiers and officers of the former Austro-Hungarian army.

Yearbook of the Institute for Social Sciences and Humanities from Sibiu”, volumes I-XXI (1994-2014). Summary of the Summaries

Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane Sibiu, tom I-XXI (1994-2014). Sumarul sumarurilor

Author(s): Mariana Vlad / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 22/2015

The chronicle of the Symposium ''Archaeological and Numismatic Research '' (2015-2019)

Cronica Simpozionului ''Cercetări Arheologice și Numismatice '' (2015-2019)

Author(s): Dan Pîrvulescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 5/2019

Judge Mihail C. Ardeleanu and the Dongorozian school or the „discipline” of criminal law

Judecătorul Mihail C. Ardeleanu și școala dongoroziană sau „disciplina” dreptului penal

Author(s): Iuliu Crăcană / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 06/2020

Keywords: Criminal Code of 1936; Criminal Code of 1968; rehabilitation; post-mortem; interpretation by analogy; political repression with judicial means; Vintilă Dongoroz;

The topic covered in this study is related to one of the few polemics that took place in the pages of the Romanian Law Magazine in the ’80s. In Issue 1/1987 of the magazine, Octavian Cojocaru criticized in the study „Judicial rehabilitation. Application made by the spouse or close relatives, after the death of the convicted person, before the execution of the sentence” a correct sentence of the Suceava County Tribunal, pronounced in 1985, in disagreement with the provisions of the Criminal Code in force at that time and against a decision of the Supreme Tribunal, according to which the convicted person who had died before the execution of the sentence could no longer be rehabilitated. Later, in 1988, Valeriu Ciucă, a judge at the same Suceava County Tribunal, published in the same magazine a critical article related to the case law note signed by Octavian Cojocaru, which shows, with solid arguments, that the decision pronounced by Suceava County Tribunal was correct from a juridical point of view. In the communist regime, a convicted parent not rehabilitated was a serious and irremovable stain in his son’s personal file. In 1985, a panel of judges of Suceava County Tribunal, presided by Judge Mihail C. Ardeleanu, pronounced a courageous sentence, contra legem, with interesting short- and, especially, long-term implications. In this case, a young graduate, the highest ranking graduate at the Military Marine Institute from Constanța, could not become an officer nor could he advance in rank, because his father, who died in prison, had not been yet rehabilitated. The study analyzes the theoretical implications that, unlike the criminal school promoted by Professor Ion Tanoviceanu, the Dongorozian school has, which separates the criminology, influenced by the positivist school, from the „discipline” of criminal law. It is known that the great Romanian criminal specialist, Vintilă Dongoroz, creates a theoretical system in which he does not leave too much room for interpretation to the judge, with regard to the court document. According to the provisions of Article 137 of the Criminal Code of 1968, the rehabilitation of the deceased person in prison was impossible. The convicted person could not fulfil two mandatory requirements for rehabilitation, provided in the Criminal Code, unless he was alive. However, against the doctrine and against a decision of the Supreme Tribunal, Judge Mihail C. Ardeleanu used the method of analogue interpretation and pronounced a sentence by which the young man’s father could be rehabilitated. The polemic created in the Romanian Law Magazine eventually led to the loss of the injustice arising from the text of the law in front of the courage to enthrone justice, which was demonstrated by the judge Mihail Ardeleanu, and, the following year, the subject, as a legal argumentation, be turned into a subject at the examination of capacity (permanent teacher certification) for judges.

Literary Work of Metropolitan Bartholomew Anania – homiletic source for stylistic ideas, strategies and ideas

Opera literară a Mitropolitului Bartolomeu Anania – izvor omiletic pentru teme, idei şi strategii stilistice

Author(s): Bogdan Lupaştean / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 06/2019

Keywords: Metropolitan Bartolomeu Anania; literary work; homiletic ideas; Romanian homiletics; sermon; poetry; dramaturgy; prose;

The intent of the present study is to make a lapidary incursion into the literary work of the worthy “laborer of the Romanian language” from the city of Cluj, Metropolitan Bartolomeu Anania, highlighting some homiletic themes and ideas, an approach through which we wish to encourage including the author’s creation amongst the sources of today’s sermon. Thus, we note the necessity of such a thesaurus for the Romanian homiletics, finding with joy that the literary work of His Holiness turned him into an Orthodox Christian missionary among the Romanian intellectuals, who again understood the natural interdependence between faith and culture in the history of the people Romanian. If we all agree that preaching is a “solemn” thing, that is rigorous, very serious, requiring increased attention, then we need all the arguments, even literary, less used, to produce a persuasive speech. Thus, the literary creation of His Holiness Bartolomeu Anania is a first-hand source for the thorough construction of many sermons and occasional speeches, which can also represent vibrant testimonies of not forgetting a dear and generous parent.

Early La Tène scheme iron fibulae in the Republic of Moldova

Fibule din fier de schemă La Tène timpuriu descoperite pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova

Author(s): Octavian Munteanu,Mihail Băţ,Aurel Zanoci / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: fibulae; early La Tène scheme; Middle Dniester; Getic fortifications; “late Scythian” tombs; Celts;

The present study brings to the foreground of discussions a certain type of artifacts, the importance of which in the process of analyzing archaeological finds is difficult to overestimate, but which, unfortunately, was not used by the researchers to the proper extent. Thus, in the archaeological literature there is no single work on the Iron Age fibulae that were discovered on the present-day territory of the Republic of Moldova. Moreover, even when some specimens were introduced into scientific circulation, their publication was very short, often without a clear and precise presentation of the context, and the images accompanying incomplete texts in most cases are not clear enough for detailed analysis. Based on this situation, we decided to fill this historiographic gap and at the first stage we devoted our research to the iron fibulae of the early La Tène scheme found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. As a result of the investigation, a lot was allocated, consisting of 12 fibulae, most of which were found on the territory of the Getic hillforts on the right bank of the Dniester. The degree of preservation of the items leaves much to be desired. The number of undamaged fibulae is relatively small, and those preserved fragmentarily create sufficient impediments for the possibilities of classification. Despite these circumstances, a catalogue of early La Tène scheme fibulae was developed, on the basis of which the main analogies were identified both in the neighboring areas (Romania and Ukraine), and in the Central Europe. We suggested to trace the chronological landmarks for the existing analogies, as well as to evaluate the chronological framework of the presented artifacts. At the same time, we set out to follow the ways and means by which these fibulae reached the Prut-Dniester area and, where possible, to highlight probable phenomena and processes that were behind the respective distribution of this type of artifacts.

CREATIVITY, AS A RESULT OF DIVINE INFLUENCE

CREATIVITATEA, CA EFECT AL INFLUENŢEI DIVINE

Author(s): I. Gabriel Năstase / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 47/2021

Keywords: creativity; divine influence; inventions; innovations; progress;

In 1993, at the suggestion of eng. Valeriu POPA and at the initiative of professor, Phd Dolphi DRIMER, at that time the rector of the Ecological University of Bucharest (UEB), the Faculty of Parapsychology was established (later it changed its name to the Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences).In 1996, one of the guests, my regretted friend Dumitru Panu MISĂILESCU, brilliant inventor, a good Romanian and a good Christian, managed to capture the attention of the participants for 3 hours. His presentation relating to the theme Conference: “Creativity as an Effect of Divine Influence” was exceptional.

Laudatio in honorem Valerii Sîrbu septuagenarii

Laudatio in honorem Valerii Sîrbu septuagenarii

Author(s): Costin Croitoru / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XXVI/2020

Interferences in Spanish Translations of Chromatic Lexemes in Eminescu’s Poetry

Interferencias en la traducción al español de los lexemas cromáticos presentes en la poesía de Eminescu

Author(s): Roxana Maria Crețu / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 59/2021

Keywords: chromatic lexeme; Eminescu; Spanish; poetry; translations;

Eminescu is undoubtedly one of Romanian literature’s essential poets and arguably the best known Romanian poet globally. Named “The Last Romantic”, Eminescu managed to capture the essence of Romanticism and mixed it with the characteristics of traditional Romanian poetry of the age. Eminescu’s poetry stirred the interest of various writers, critics and translators, both Romanian and foreign. This article aims to present and analyze the interferences that appear when translating chromatic lexemes in Eminescu’s poetry into Spanish, since the poet uses a complex, innovative and unique language. The use of colour is commonly known to be a way of expressing feelings, particularly because colours grant expressiveness to the text and contribute to the codification of the message. In Eminescu’s poetry, we can identify colour in chromatic epithets, metaphors, and comparisons, where the meaning of colour is highlighted by using shades and contrasts. One objective is to see whether the stylistic units containing chromatic lexemes maintain the same meaning in translation. Another objective is to see what options the translators propose for these phrases, specifically whether they resort to equivalence, derivatives or ellipsis. For this purpose, I will use six editions of Eminescu’s poetry translated into Spanish: Poesías, translated by María Teresa León and Rafael Alberti (1973); Poezii-Poemas, translated by Omar Lara (1980); Poemas, translated by Valeriu Georgiadi (1989); Poesías, translated by Dana Mihaela Giucă in collaboration with José Manuel Lucía, Megías (2004), Poesii alese/Poesías escogidas, translated by Mario Castro Navarrete (2016), and Lumină de lună/Luz de luna (2019), translated by Dorel Fînaru and Enrique Nogueras.

Rev. Iustin Tira (coord.), Centenary of Metropolitan Bartolomeu Anania (1921-2021)

Pr. Iustin Tira (coord.), Centenarul Mitropolitului Bartolomeu Anania (1921-2021)

Author(s): Maxim (Iuliu-Marius) Morariu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 9-12/2021

Keywords: Iustin Tira;Metropolitan Bartolomeu Anania;;

Pr. Iustin Tira (coord.), Centenarul Mitropolitului Bartolomeu Anania (1921-2021), Editura Rena[terea, Cluj-Napoca, 2021, 178 p.

The Religious Freedom of the Orthodox Romanians in Banat during the Great War

The Religious Freedom of the Orthodox Romanians in Banat during the Great War

Author(s): Daniel Alic / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: Banat; freedom; religion; faith; the Great War; national emancipation;

The proposed study is a sequence of history that talks about the religious freedom of Romanians in Banat during the First World War. Three distinct periods are identified in the religious and national expression of Romanians. The first refers to the first two years of the conflagration, when the Romanians from Banat fought in a war that was not theirs. Priests or believers who dared to make statements against the official position of the state, or to act in support of peace suffered arrests and torture. Another stage was marked with Romania’s entry into the war. The difficulties intensified, the soul of the Romanians was put to the test and those who showed up to join the brothers from across the Carpathians were sent to the camps and even killed. The expression of the desire for national unity that happened in Alba Iulia on December 1,1918 did not solve the problems of the people of Banat either. They also went through a period of suppression of freedoms during the Serbian occupation, which ended in early August 1919.