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“One Camp, One Banner”

“One Camp, One Banner”

Author(s): Krisztián Ungváry / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Political parties;Hungary;historical memory;reevaluation of history;House of Terror;double-faced policy

The historical memory of a society reflects its political situation. In the last two and a half decades, the political system radically changed in Hungary,and a reevaluation of the historical past is completely natural after such a change of regime. In a country where after 1945 the (first clandestine,but soon open) dictatorship of the Communist Party made any discussion of the past all but impossible, with the communist view of history being forced on the society, the years of the transition should have brought significant changes in symbolic memory. Yet, looking back on those years, it is surprising how little changed in the first decade after the regime change,and how much a decade later.The failures of the socialist–liberal government, the economic crisis, and the policy of Fidesz are all responsible for the renaissance of extreme rightwing ideas, though not to the same extent. What proved decisive is the elevation of a memory politics that is compatible with Jobbik to the status of state policy—a continuation, in fact, of the slogan “One camp, one banner.”This policy proved to be a success to a certain extent, as today the rightwing interpretation of history dominates in Hungarian society. This politics legitimizes figures who can only be despised in Western Europe. Far from being a temporary phenomenon, the radical shift is more and more marked in Hungary. Similarly to the situation in Poland, a social democratic renaissance is quite unlikely to happen in Hungary any time soon. Neither has the former state party any chance to return to power. As opposed to Poland, however, liberals have no chance either in Hungary—they are not even represented in the parliament any longer. For the time being, only Fidesz is capable of keeping Jobbik at bay. This, however, should not make us forget that there is no clear boundary line between the view of history of the two parties, a fact that is the result of Fidesz’s double-faced policy. Will there be anything to convince voters, fed by dangerous ideological fodder, to use their common sense, and choose a democratic option at the time of crisis and social conflict? The answer to this question is shrouded in obscurity.

The Role of Business Plan Competitions in the Processes of Defining and Launching a New Venture Cases of Companies Involved in the ‘StartCup’ Palermo and Developed Inside the ARCA Academic Incubator

The Role of Business Plan Competitions in the Processes of Defining and Launching a New Venture Cases of Companies Involved in the ‘StartCup’ Palermo and Developed Inside the ARCA Academic Incubator

Author(s): Marcantonio Ruisi / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: ARCA Academic Incubator; business plan; new venture; business competition

In the last decade there has been a proliferation of business plan and start-up competitions, most of them organized by universities. This chapter reflects on the effectiveness of these competitions, starting from a theoretical framework, and analyzing the experience of some Sicilian entrepreneurs and their business histories. Attention is paid to three companies that made their debut by participating in two editions of the StartCup – a business plan competition sponsored by the University of Palermo - and who were later differently involved in ARCA academic incubator.

The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Lebanon. Challenges and Opportunities

The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Lebanon. Challenges and Opportunities

Author(s): Bettina Bastian,Yasser Akkaoui / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: entrepreneurial ecosystem in Lebanon; entrepreneurship; start-ups; incubator organizations,; economic development

The following article describes the EES in Lebanon as an example of a country in development. Worldwide, and especially in the developing world, economies face major challenges regarding the alleviation of poverty and unemployment (Naude 2010). Here, the demands for entrepreneurial projects that help stimulate growth and forward the economic development process are very high (Ho and Wong, 2007). Still much of the literature in entrepreneurship addresses the context of advanced economies. However, the majority of people live in a developmental context and nearly half of them are below the poverty line (ILO 2012). Thus, it is important to pay closer attention to entrepreneurship in developmental contexts which typically face great institutional weaknesses and constraints.

Equity-based Crowdfunding in the Italian Experience

Equity-based Crowdfunding in the Italian Experience

Author(s): Antonio Del Pozzo,Loprevite Salvatore / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: crowdfunding; equity-based crowdfunding; innovative start-ups

The needs of strategic services, prevalence of investments in intangible assets and difficulty in finding the financial resources to support the development plans are the main factors that hinder recourse by start-ups to traditional sources of financing, getting them to refer to specialized investors, typically, venture capitalists, who request, in addition to financial resources, also financial services, like guarantees, and strategic services, for example, for internationalization, promotion, and so on.In the United States, an alternative form of financing to the specialized investors has become popular: crowdfunding. This is financing in various forms by a multitude of subjects. In Italy, even responding to the constraints laid down by the MiFID regulations, but only nation in Europe, the Legislators have qualified the phenomenon of start-up and regulated the equity-based crowdfunding as an alternative method that allows enterprises to intercept equity from the savings.The aim of this chapter is to establish whether the Italian start-ups consider the equity-based crowdfunding favorably for their needs of financial resources and other services, and if this attempt by the Legislators to regulate a typically informal phenomenon can be considered effective. In addition to providing a framework of the structure and financing strategies for innovative start-ups, this chapter will also allow understanding what are the prospects and limits of crowdfunding developing in Italy. Specifically, whether the current legislative regulation may be a model to be exported to other countries.

Military Magistrate General Alexandru Petrescu: Cursus Honorum

Magistratul militar General Alexandru Petrescu: Cursus honorum.

Author(s): Iuliu Crăcană / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Alexandru Petrescu; magistrate; justice; political trial; corruption

Alexandru Petrescu was the president of the law courts that imposed the heaviest sentences for political offences in the 1950s. Petrescu’s inclination towards corruption and compromise, his versatility and the ability to get in contact with people at the highest political level, made him a reliable man during all the political regimes. Thus, he was selected for the highest offices. Until 1942 Petrescu imposed heavy political sentences on legionnaires and communists. Between 1942 and 1944 he was appointed Director General of the Directorate for Prisons by Ion Antonescu. Although he was accused of war crimes, after 1944 he became pawn in the communists’ attempt to annihilate the Romanian elite through judicial procedures.Finally, the general was appointed President of the Military Court of M.A.I. departments, the highest court of appeal for political trials. Petrescu’s political obedience did not prevent him from delivering favorable verdicts to some defendants in exchange for favors. For that reason he was called the “black market of justice”.

On the Interpretation of Dwelling Complexes from the Eastern Linear Pottery Cultural Area: new materials from field investigations from the Republic of Moldova

К интерпретации жилищных комплексов восточного ареала культуры линейно-ленточной керамики (новые материалы полевых исследований на территории Республики Молдова)

Author(s): Thomas Saile,Stanislav V. Ţerna,Maciej Dębiec,Martin Posselt / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Neolithic; settlement; longhouse; Linearbandkeramik (LBK); architecture;geophysics;

The article presents new data on the LBK architecture coming from recent geophysical and archaeological investigations on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. Combining geomagnetic prospections and test-trenches we have proved that the architecture of eastern LBK communities from the Prut-Nistru interfluve is very similar to the one known from Central-European settlements, namely the presence of longhouses with postholes accompanied by parallel-running long pits. In contrast to Central Europe, the presence of a thick chernozem layer above the Neolithic features as well as the effect of heavy bioturbations complicate both the recognition of dugout features and the interpretation of geomagnetic plots. Nevertheless, our research has shown that the geophysical identification of eastern LBK features is essentially possible, bringing to the reconsideration of some of the results of older investigations.

REAL ECONOMY - Monthly Review of Economy and Policy - 2009-09

REALITATEA ECONOMICĂ - 2009-09

Author(s): Valeriu Prohniţchi,Alex Oprunenco,Ana Popa,Adrian Lupuşor,Marina Cernov / Language(s): Romanian

REAL ECONOMY - Monthly Review of Economy and Policy - 2009-08

REALITATEA ECONOMICĂ - 2009-08

Author(s): Valeriu Prohniţchi,Alex Oprunenco,Ana Popa,Adrian Lupuşor,Marina Cernov / Language(s): Romanian

EUROMONITOR 10 (2008/03/20)

EUROMONITOR 10 (2008/03/20)

Author(s): Igor Boțan,Sergiu Bușcăneanu,Valeriu Prohniţchi,Alex Oprunenco,Ana Popa / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Democratic institutions; Transnistria conflict; capacity of administration; juridical system; economic reforms; foreign trade; social development; human traffic; migration; border control;

The reports in the "Euromonitor" series aim at independent and objective monitoring of the implementation process of the Republic of Moldova - European Union Action Plan. The actions adopted and implemented by both signatories of the Plan will be monitored quarterly. The action plan is a complex document, structured in 7 chapters, which provides for the implementation of about 300 actions, some defined more or less precisely, others very ambiguous. Unable to monitor such a complex document, the authors of "Euromonitor" focused on priority actions, identified in the Action Plan itself.

EUROMONITOR 12 (2008/10/22)

EUROMONITOR 12 (2008/10/22)

Author(s): Igor Boțan,Corneliu Gurin,Valeriu Prohniţchi,Alexandru Mocanu,Elena Prohniţchi,Alex Oprunenco,Ana Popa,Victoria Vasilescu / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Democratic institutions; Transnistria conflict; capacity of administration; juridical system; economic reforms; foreign trade; social development; human traffic; migration; border control;

The reports in the "Euromonitor" series aim at independent and objective monitoring of the implementation process of the Republic of Moldova - European Union Action Plan. The actions adopted and implemented by both signatories of the Plan will be monitored quarterly. The action plan is a complex document, structured in 7 chapters, which provides for the implementation of about 300 actions, some defined more or less precisely, others very ambiguous. Unable to monitor such a complex document, the authors of "Euromonitor" focused on priority actions, identified in the Action Plan itself.

EUROMONITOR 17 (2010/03/01)

EUROMONITOR 17 (2010/03/01)

Author(s): Igor Boțan,Corneliu Gurin,Valeriu Prohniţchi,Elena Prohniţchi,Alex Oprunenco,Ana Popa,Adrian Lupuşor,Victoria Vasilescu / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Democratic institutions; Transnistria conflict; capacity of administration; juridical system; economic reforms; foreign trade; social development; human traffic; migration; border control;

The reports in the "Euromonitor" series aim at independent and objective monitoring of the implementation process of the Republic of Moldova - European Union Action Plan. The actions adopted and implemented by both signatories of the Plan will be monitored quarterly. The action plan is a complex document, structured in 7 chapters, which provides for the implementation of about 300 actions, some defined more or less precisely, others very ambiguous. Unable to monitor such a complex document, the authors of "Euromonitor" focused on priority actions, identified in the Action Plan itself.

The World Economy System

Sistemul economiei mondiale

Author(s): Ioan Bari,Rodica Milena Zaharia / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 2017

Objectives: - To introduce key players in the world economy - To exemplify the interdependence between the key players in the world economy - To identify the influence exercised by these players on international business

ANTHROPOMETRIC METAPHORS IN ROMANIAN ANTHROPOMETRIC METAPHORS IN ROMANIAN

METAFORE ANTROPOMETRICE ÎN LIMBA ROMÂNĂ ANTHROPOMETRIC METAPHORS IN ROMANIAN

Author(s): Elena Lacusta / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: anthropometry; metaphor; somatism; phraseological unit; (folk) metrology

The article presents the anthropometric principle in designating andknowing the reality. Two perspectives of the metaphorical transfer based on theanthropometric principle are proposed: from the human to the extrahuman fieldand vice versa. It is illustrated with elements of (folk) metrology where somatismswith proper meaning function as units of measurement (foot, palm, toe etc.); themetaphorical meanings from dictionaries are presented and the existence of ananthropometric somatic symbolism in phraseological contexts is demonstrated.

PARTICULARITIES OF THE WILL TO THE LITTLE SCHOOL

PARTICULARITĂȚI ALE VOINȚEI LA ȘCOLARUL MIC

Author(s): Oxana Paladi,Tatiana Lungu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: will; the characteristics of will; school adaptation; the elementary student;

Despite its theoretical and practical significance, the concept of will regarding students has not yet found its proper scientific justification in our socio-cultural space, which indicates the need of studying the relationship between will and other psychic phenomena (psychic processes, psychic activity, internal conditions and psychic features) at different stages of life. In this scientific approach, I've addressed the particularities of the elementary student's will, mainly the cognitive, affective, motivational and behavioral sphere, approaches that founded the importance of will towards educational achievements. Thus, known as a superior form of self-regulation, will indicate a way of a functional arrangement of the entire system of personalities and is formed throughout life through activities and permanent exercise of voluntary intensity efforts, contouring certain qualities which are manifested in personality traits.

DMITRI ȘOSTAKOVICI AND HIS CREATION. GENERAL PRESENTATION

DMITRI ȘOSTAKOVICI ȘI CREAȚIA SA. PREZENTARE GENERALĂ

Author(s): Sebastian Vîrtosu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Dmitri Shostakovich's musical creation; twentieth century; musical orientations and currents;

According to the spirit of the age (zeitgeist) in the musical art of the twentieth century are shown the searches, the innovations brought and the constant struggle of the pioneers against the tradition of the old masters. Atonalism, for example, was promoted as a reaction to the tonal system considered obsolete, unable to satisfactorily reflect the new features of modern society. Serialism is, without a doubt, the most faithful expression or mirror of the industrialized, automated society, of the entry of machinery into people's lives, robotizing, and finally, dehumanizing the human being. Serialism, by the unchanging order of the string of notes in the musical composition, strongly suggests the inflexibility and automatism of the machines started with the industrial revolution. Dodecaphonism reflects the strong socialist and communist egalitarian movements. Just as all men were to be equal in rights, so the 12 notes in a range had an equal right to manifest themselves in full, and any of them could be the concluding center of a composition. There was no such thing as tonalism. If the center was, for example, the D major, the work could only be completed on the re note, not on any of the twelve notes. Slowly but surely, each new current will generate more and more ruptures, destroying the unity of tradition in smaller and smaller parts, thus reflecting the atomization of modern society, in hundreds and thousands of social groups, professional, cultural, or religious. From this perspective, we intend to present a brief summary of Dmitri Shostakovich's creation.

ENSURE ACCESS TO GENERAL COMPULSORY EDUCATION. Civil Society and Private Sector Contribution to Achieving the National Targets of MDG 2 in the Republic of Moldova

ENSURE ACCESS TO GENERAL COMPULSORY EDUCATION. Civil Society and Private Sector Contribution to Achieving the National Targets of MDG 2 in the Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Anatol Gremalschi / Language(s): English

Keywords: education in Moldova;

The survey’s goal consists in making an analysis of the contribution of civil society organizations and of private sector to achieving the targets of MDG 2 in the Republic of Moldova, identification of the constraints faced by non-governmental organizations and private companies while conducting relevant for MDG 2 activities and making recommendations for improving and expanding the collaboration among public authorities, associative sector and private sector in terms of ensuring universal access to preschool and general compulsory education.

DIGITAL ADDITCTION: PATHOLOGY, PSHYCHOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL TREATMENTS

DEPENDENȚA DIGITALĂ: PATOLOGIE, REMEDII PSIHOLOGICE ȘI DUHOVNICEȘTI

Author(s): Vasile Crețu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: digital addiction; pathology; psychological treatment; spiritual treatment; social networks;

The digital addiction is already acknowledged by the medical specialists as a mental disorder, because it involves a pathological use of the computer or of any other type of technology, characterized by the urgent need to engage in online activities to the obvious detriment of daily and real life (school, family, friendships, etc.). This type of attitude is also dealing to other behavioural disorders. Some psychologists are comparing the states (involving changes in brain maps) caused by digital addiction to those of "classic" (somatic) addictions. Thus, a similarity was identified between the abuse of psychotropic and hallucinogenic substances, which chemically alter the human brain, and the abuse of the virtual space, which psychologically affects the human being as a whole. This is clearly a phenomenon, specific to post-modernity, unprecedented in its scale in history.

Challenges Regarding Non-Fulfillment of Bilateral Sales Promises Caused by the Health Crisis Generated by the Covid-19 Pandemic (Sars-cov-2)

Provocările privind neexecutarea promisiunilor bilaterale de vânzare determinate de criza sanitară generată de pandemia COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

Author(s): Mirela-Carmen Dobrilă / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: bilateral sales promises; pre-contract; COVID-19 pandemic/SARS-COV-2 virus; high housing prices; non-fulfillment of bilateral sales promises (breach of the contract); termination clause;

This article examines the issues related to non-fulfillment of bilateral sales promises (breach of the contract) or an execution that does not meet the expectations of the promising buyer, closely related to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the uncertainties regarding the security in Ukraine and, especially, in correlation with the issues related to the increase in real estate prices, which causes some real estate developers to stop executing pre-contracts or to ask for increased prices, according to the current requirements of the real estate market. In addition to the need for the promising buyer to be informed in advance and to understand the content of the concluded pre-contract, the article analyzes aspects regarding the situations in which the pandemic can be considered to meet the conditions to represent force majeure or to apply the theory of imprevision. The article highlights the solutions that the promising buyer has in case of non-execution of the bilateral sales promises by the promising seller, analyzing also aspects regarding the termination clause (which gives the parties the right to unilaterally terminate the contract in exchange for a sum of money) and the penalty clause from the pre-contracts.

Nicolae Breban and the Alteration of Identity

Nicolae Breban și alterarea identității

Author(s): Daciana Branea / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Romanian literature; Nicolae Breban; identity;

Îngerul de gips, spune Nicolae Breban, este istoria unui bărbat care decade. Doctorul Minda, medic celebru, universitar și autor de literatură specifică, bărbat matur aflat pe punctul de a face mariajul ideal, se pierde din pricina unei femei. Aceasta ar fi, în termeni inteligibili - desigur, simplificând enorm - povestea succesului și a decăderii eroului central. (Trebuie însă precizat că îmbolnăvirea, declinul, în fapt, metamorfoza personajului reprezintă nu un moment punctual, ci un proces de durată: doctorul Minda nu se trezește pur și simplu, „într-o dimineață, din vise neliniștite”1, transformat în gândac, asemeni lui Gregor Samsa; însă doctorul Minda nu este nici un personaj realist, cu evoluție coerentă și reacții logice, ci un erou scindat, paradoxal, cu evoluție nelineară, ale cărui gesturi țin de abisalitatea ființei omenești, și nu de domeniul raționalului.)

Witold Gombrowicz or The Crises of Polishness

Witold Gombrowicz sau crizele polonității

Author(s): Marius Lăzurcă / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Witold Gombrowicz; Poland; identity; Polishness;

Leopold von Sacher-Masoch reprezintă fără îndoială un caz; nu doar pentru faptul că rumoarea antumă și scandalul postum l-au transformat în exemplul prin excelență al unui gust erotic particular, ci mai curând prin uitarea aproape integrală a operei lui literare în beneficiul anecdoticului vieții sale private. Leopold von Sacher-Masoch a fost un scriitor celebru și prolific : foarte repede tradus, s-a bucurat de un succes prompt și de proporții, iar cenzura literară nu a găsit nimic necuviincios în prozele sale. Notorietatea i-a jucat însă un renghi, aproape definitiv: în 1869, baronul Richard von Krafft-Ebing, medic psihiatru și profesor, publică Psychopathia sexualis, primul „inventar” complet al tulburărilor de orientare sexuală. între cele 15 capitole descriind, cum o spune chiar el, „tendințele sexuale stranii”1, unul poartă numele Masochism. Krafft-Ebing este, prin aceasta, un descălecător : până la el tulburările similare purtau numele, cu etimon grecesc, de „algolagnie”. Noul nume al perversiunii se va impune, ajutat de succesul tratatului lui Krafft-Ebing, dar mai ales de consecvența cu care noul sens al „masochismului” va fi preluat de tradiția psihiatrică. în 1869 începe așadar o concurență a celebrității pe care scriitorul Leopold von Sacher-Masoch o va pierde în beneficiul perversului Sacher-Masoch. Femeia divorțată (1870) și Venus în blană (de asemenea, 1870) vor fi uitate destul de curând; va rămâne însă amintirea tenace a anunțurilor date la mica publicitate, a corespondenței sale amoroase și mai ales a contractelor prin care se reducea pe sine la condiția de rob al femeilor iubite.