Series:Uniwersytet Łódzki

The Islamic World in Contemporary and Historical Perspective

Świat islamu w perspektywie współczesnej i historycznej / Мир ислама в современном и историческом освещении

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish

Keywords: Islam; High Schools in Saudi Arabia; Muslim Minority; Iran; World Trade Center; terrorism

What is and where is the Islamic World in 2019? If we understand the Islamic World as all Muslim-majority countries, according to the Pew Research Center (2015) we would find 50 such countries with a total population of over 1.8 billion. The highest percentage (91%) of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, can be found in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA). The starting point of Muslim history would be the prophet Muhammad’s revelation in the 7th century, followed by the Islamic Golden Age (8th–14th centuries), when Muslims were ahead of the rest of the world in the arts, science, philosophy, and technology. This period is still remembered and cherished with pride by both Sunni and Shia Muslims, the two biggest denominations within Islam, which – despite common misconceptions in the West – is not a monolith but splits into different religious schools and branches. The modern era has been marked by the more or less direct colonial domination of European powers which left its legacy in many states belonging now to the Islamic world. Much of today’s turmoil in the MENA region has its roots in the colonial times and the fault lines drawn by the European politicians. However, the blame cannot be wholly assigned to external powers: the list of factors contributing to the Middle East’s present complex and often difficult situation is long and includes many internal issues.

Methods of communication and media researches. Theoretical and analytical perspective

Metody badania komunikacji i mediów. Perspektywa teoretyczna i analityczna

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Development Strategies Pursued by Foreign Retail Chains in Poland. New Marketing Challenges

Strategie rozwoju zagranicznych sieci handlowych w Polsce. Nowe wyzwania marketingowe

Author(s): Tomasz Domański / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: strategies of foreign retailers; strategies of hypermarkets chains; strategies of discount chains; retail trade in Poland; Polish consumer behavior of retail chains

This monograph aims at outlining business development strategy of foreign large format retail in Poland after 1990. The Polish model of economic transformation stimulated retail internationalization at a scale unseen in other countries of the region. At the same time, foreign retail chains played a major role in modernization of Polish retail by encouraging a series of innovation processes. The work discusses the strategies and positioning policies adopted by selected retail chains vis-a-vis competitive formats such as hypermarkets and discount stores. Case study methodology has been used widely to present the strategies followed by selected foreign retail chains in Poland and globally. The publication also examines results of original empirical studies conducted in 2021 on a group of Polish households and devoted to shopping habits exhibited in preferred foreign retail chains. This monograph bridges the research gap in analyses of business development strategies of foreign retail chains in Poland in a broader context of retail internationalization. Both in Poland, as well as abroad in-depth strategic case studies for this group of enterprises are still missing. At the same time, the monograph reveals strategic challenges faced today by brick-and-mortar retail chains. Today, the previously applied strategies of traditional large format retail need to be redefined. Modern large format chains must be able to increasingly better deploy online channels and put in place innovation designed to improve their store formats. The absent of necessary innovations or their delayed implementation may jeopardise their future market operations. This monograph complements the author’s earlier works on marketing strategies of large format retail chains and retail development strategies.

The reality of post-unitary Italy in the Alfredo Oriani’s oeuvre. An analysis of the case of an author appropriated by a political regime

La realtà dell’Italia post-unitaria nelle opere di Alfredo Oriani. L’analisi storicoletteraria del caso della ricezione di un autore preteso dal regime politico

Author(s): Katarzyna Kowalik / Language(s): Italian

Keywords: Alfredo Oriani; fascism; post-unitary Italy; Italian novel; reception of literary works

The monograph “La realtà dell’Italia post-unitaria nelle opere di Alfredo Oriani. L’analisi storicoletteraria del caso della ricezione di un autore preteso dal regime politico” raises the topic of a unique phenomenon in the history of Italian literature, so far rarely described in Italian studies, which was the evolving reception of the work of the writer, journalist and historian Alfredo Oriani (Faenza, 1852 – Casola Valsenio, 1909). Nowadays, little known even among Italian readers and not often mentioned in literature textbooks, ignored by literary critics during his life, forced to publish further texts for his own financial resources and in a few reviews described as an obscene artist and scribbler, in the interwar period he was surrounded by the cult of a fascist ideology’s precursor and, thanks to the personal commitment of Benito Mussolini, raised to the rank of one of the greatest writers in the history of Italy.In the thesis were discussed two motifs. First of them is an analysis of five novels of Oriani in terms of the image of Italian reality after 1861 presented in them. The second issue considered in the work is the writer’s extraordinary literary case, whose reception, changing over the decades, was strongly related to the appropriation of his oeuvre by the fascist regime seeking intellectual grounds of its ideological-political activity. The methodological assumptions of the dissertation are based on the reflection on the author’s position in the reception of a literary work and the issue of intentionality in its interpretation.

The Art of Living, Surviving, Reviving. Studies in Linguistics. The 50th Anniversary of Romance Studies at the University of Łódź

L’art de vivre / de survivre / de revivre. Le 50e anniversaire de la Philologie romane à Łódź. Approches linguistiques

Author(s): / Language(s): French,Spanish,Italian

Keywords: Commemoration; 50th anniversary; Institute of Romance Studies; University of Lodz; live; survive; revive

This book presents the volume The Art of Living, of Surviving, of Reviving. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Romance studies at the University of Łódź which was designed to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the reactivation of Romance studies at the University of Łódź, carried out today within the Institute of Roman Studies. At the same time, the book celebrates the 10th anniversary of the creation, within the Institute of Romanesque Studies, of the Department of Italian Philology. These anniversaries take place at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, an unprecedented event in the global world of the 21st century, with confinement as a compulsory mode of operation for long weeks, even months.The rupture thus brought about undoubtedly led to a new perception of life and of what ił means to live. For more than one, this thick line that separates our existence before and after Covid-19 constitutes a memento inciting to wonder how to live the pandemic and during the pandemic, how to survive it and if it is possible to (re)live completely when it has corne to an end. These questions launched as the driving theme of the commemorative volume have called for a rich and varied reflection contained in 25 articles, falling within different sub-fields of linguistics.

“The dispute with a Turk over the Christian faith and the mystery of the Holy Trinity found in the Quran”

Rozmowa z Turczynem o wierze krześcijańskiej i o tajności Trójce Świętej, która w Alkoranie stoi napisana

Author(s): Bartłomiej Georgiewicz / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Bartholomaeo Georgius; Bartolomeo Georgijević; Bartul Đurđević; Pro fide Christiana cum Turca disputationis; Christian-Muslim relations; anti-Turkish literature; turcica; Trinitarian formula in the Quran; Turkish captivity

In the 16th century, Christian Europe was experiencing increasing unrest due to the expansion of the Ottoman Empire deep into the continent. A response to the threat of an Asian power was the abundant anti-Turkish literature. One of the authors of this type of literature (so-called turcica), was Bartholomaeo Georgius, a Hungarian subject of Croatian descent. After the battle of Mohács he was captured and sold to work in the depths of Asia. After a risky escape, which ended nearly ten years of captivity, he returned to Europe and devoted himself entirely to anti-Turkish propaganda. He described and harshly judged the oriental reality of the Ottoman Empire, which he saw with his own eyes. He gave Europeans information about the political system, army, religion, customs and basic Turkish vocabulary. His most original concept was the analysis of the Arabic basmala as a Trinitarian formula hidden in the Quran. Georgius’ writings, published throughout Europe in Latin and in national languages, were also published in Kraków in 1548, both in Latin and Polish versions. Those writings captured the imagination of Polish readers and our native writers. This edition of the monument of Polish writing includes an introduction, explanations and dictionaries. The publication is addressed to philologists (not only Polish and Turkish), linguists, bibliologists, librarians and library scientists, editors, religion experts, and historians.

Poetry and translations

Poezje i przekłady

Author(s): Antoni Korwin Kossakowski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: occasional and laudatory poetry; Stanislavian enlightenment; translation; ancient literature

Literary pieces written by Antoni Korwin Kossakowski has not been known to the wider public. Literary legacy of the poet who was also the secretary of the office of king Stanisław August Poniatowski, consists of numerous laudatory poems praising the reign of the last Polish king. It also contains poems written for different occasions, quite often panegyric, dedicated to aristocratic families affiliated with the poet. Kossakowski’s literary creations, who was also called Moliwda, have been preserved mainly as flyers and pieces published in the magazine “Pleasant and useful games” (Polish: “Zabawy przyjemne i pożyteczne”). They published his original poems and translations of ancient writers. A few of his literary pieces are known from handwritten messages. This book contains rhymings originated from the baroque tradition as well as pieces written according to other aesthetics: original, translated and paraphrased, amongst which a special place has been assigned to the comedy written by Catherine II The Great, the empress of Russia, called Obmanszczik (Eng. The Cheater, Pol. Oszukaniec). Hereby presented critical edition of Kossakowski’s literary pieces enriches the knowledge of the literary culture of the era, especially Stanislavian times.

Conditions of the development of the Russian Far East

Uwarunkowania rozwoju gospodarczego rosyjskiego Dalekiego Wschodu

Author(s): Natasza Duraj / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Russian Far East; Russia; economic development; development of Russia; exploration expeditions

The main goal of the monograph is to present the issues related to the economic development of Russian Far East. The monograph is addressed to a wide audience interested in the economic development of Russia and the Russian Far East.

Stanislaw Brzozowski and the Parisian „Kultura” circle

Stanisław Brzozowski w kręgu „Kultury” paryskiej

Author(s): Monika Anna Noga / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Stanisław Brzozowski; the Parisian „Kultura”; Czesław Miłosz; Jerzy Giedroyc; Gustaw Herling-Grudziński; Józef Czapski; brzozowskism; brzozowski-ites

For more than one hundred years Polish intellectuals (writers, critics, philosophers, historians, literary and cultural theorists) have been referring to a central figure of Young Poland, the literary critic, philosopher of culture, and writer Stanisław Brzozowski (1878-1911). Following World War II many émigrés Polish intellectuals chose Brzozowski as a model for how to perceive and assess the world, Poland in particular. Brzozowski’s name appeared on the pages of „Kultura” in its very first issue, as it did in issue 637, the last issue of the journal. This is of considerable symbolic importance. It suggests that that the period between the beginning and end of the journal is also the period during which Brzozowski was present, and intensely so, in its history. In 1948, in the fifth issue of „Kultura”, the journal carried fragments from Brzozowski’s Diary; thereafter, in virtually every subsequent issue, apart from 1955, 1957, and 1990, Brzozowski was either cited or at the very least mentioned. Considering the regular presence of Brzozowski in the more than half-century history of „Kultura”, it is impossible to assess the activity of those gathered round the journal, the so-called ‘„Kultura” circle’, the main object of interest in this study, without investigating the influence Brzozowski exerted on them. What specifically made Brzozowski the person and his ideas so attractive to the „Kultura circle”? The number of studies devoted to „Kultura” continues to rise. However, to date no study has been devoted to Brzozowski’s reception within the ‘„Kultura” circle’. The present investigation seeks to fill that gap by examining the specific interests of the key figures of the „Kultura circle” in the person and work of Stanislaw Brzozowski, viz., Jerzy Giedroyc (1906-2000), Józef Czapski (1896-1993), Gustaw Herling-Grudziński (1919-2000) and Czesław Miłosz (1911-2004).

Name – style – text. A jubilee book dedicated to Professor Elżebieta Umińska-Tytoń

Nazwa – styl – tekst. Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana Profesor Elżbiecie Umińskiej-Tytoń

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: onomastics; stylistics; textology; diachrony; synchrony

The monograph contains articles on synchronic linguistics, diachronic linguistics (textology, onomastics, stylistics) and biblical studies. In the description and analysis of the diverse material, various research methodologies were used, which correspond to the interests of the authors of the collected texts and reflect these interests. The aim of the monograph was to show the diversity of the Jubilarian's scientific interests. This goal has been fully achieved.

Stanisław Bareja. His times and films. Second edition

Stanisław Bareja. Jego czasy i filmy. Wydanie II

Author(s): Dorota Skotarczak / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Bareja; Polish People Republic; Film

Stanisław Bareja (1929-1987) was a Polish film director born in Warsaw. After the war, the family moved to Jelenia Góra. Staszek had great intellectual passions from the beginning and after graduating from high school he decided to continue his education at the film school in Łódź. In 1960 he made his debut with the comedy “The Man of His Wife. ” The 1960s were successful with the comedies “Wife for an Australian” and “Marriage with Reason. ” His films, in which popular actors appeared, moved to cinemas and attracted increasing criticism from the press and parts of the film world. In the late 1960s, Kasimir Kutz, an old friend of Barei’s, used the term “ba reizm” for artistic mediocrity. This helped to block further projects of the director for four years. Bareja returned in 1972 with the movie “Wanted Wanted. ” A new, more mature period of his work began. His comedies will now consistently brand the absurdities and humiliations of life under real socialism. That’s why there’s always trouble with censorship and crowded public halls. In the 1970s, criticism of Bareia remained ambivalent. On the one hand, he was still under condemnation, but on the other hand, there were positive voices on “What are you gonna do with me when you catch me” and “Bär” that put his films in a circle of moral discomfort. Since the late 1970s, Bareja had been a member of the Democratic Opposition, and his house had an illegal print shop. In the 1980s he produced two series “Alternative 4” and “Changer. ” The fight against censorship affected the health of the director, who died in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1987. Bareja’s wife didn’t have time to reach the dying man. The power of that time prevented them from doing so. Bareja left two children: the daughter Kasia and the son Janek. Today, the director’s work belongs to the permanent work of Polish film art.

Outline of sport pedagogy

Zarys pedagogiki sportu. Wydanie II rozszerzone

Author(s): Arkadiusz Kaźmierczak,Piotr Kędzia,Jolanta Elżbieta Kowalska,Paweł Ławniczak,Anna Makarczuk,Anna Maszorek-Szymala / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: sport; education; social values of sport; health; Olympism; fair play

The textbook raises the issues of the field of sports pedagogy aimed at deepening the basic knowledge in this subject, useful especially for students of social and medical sciences, with particular emphasis on pedagogical and physical education departments specialties. The content of the first edition of the textbook referred to the issues of sports pedagogy in the context of its historical, socio-cultural, social rehabilitation and ethical conditions as well as the importance of the idea of Olympism and the principle of fair play in sport and social life. Consequently, the second edition of the textbook, developed by the author and his associates from the Center for Education of Sport Pedagogues at the Faculty of Educational Sciences of the University of Lodz, has been improved with the subjects related to the perspective of the historical development of sport in the context of changes in the environment of Lodz, the role of the trainer as a teacher / educator in the process of sports training, the social value of women's participation in sports activities, the health-related contexts of physical effort as well as its impact on the human body, and the social need for education enabling better understanding of sports events. The second edition of the textbook, extended with the indicated topics, will probably allow students to better understand the meaning of sport in the social space, with particular emphasis on its pedagogical values.

Disability and education

Niepełnosprawność i edukacja

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: education people with disabilities; Education children with disabilities; education students with disabilities; Third Age University; new technologies in education

Kolejna czwarta z serii monografii Sekcji Socjologii Niepełnosprawności PTS poświęcona została edukacji osób z niepełnosprawnościami. Znalazły się w niej teksty dotyczące m.in.: funkcjonowania przedszkoli i szkół integracyjnych, szkolnictwa specjalnego, orzecznictwa poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznych, edukacji ustawicznej dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością, barier edukacyjnych osób z niepełnosprawnościami czy prawa osób z niepełnosprawnością w wymiarze edukacyjnym. Tematyka ta ma dziś istotne znaczenie. Z jednej strony wynika to z problemów, jakie dotknęły uczniów, nauczycieli oraz szkoły w dobie pandemii COVID-19. Z drugiej strony kształcenie osób z niepełnosprawnościami stanowi istotny element polityki społecznej. Z tego względu w niniejszej monografii zaprezentowano diagnozy i ukazano problemy związane z kształceniem osób z niepełnosprawnościami, realizacją ich potrzeb oraz wspieraniem w rozwoju. Dzięki tekstom przedstawiającym najnowszy stan wiedzy i wyniki prowadzonych badań możliwe stało się również wskazanie pożądanych kierunków w kształceniu osób z niepełnosprawnościami z uwzględnieniem potencjału, jaki do edukacji mogą wnieść najnowsze technologie.

Hawks, Desert Onagers, Arabian Wolves. Neighbours of the Eastern Roman Empire from the Arabian Peninsula and Their Image in Sources. Pre–Islamic Period

Jastrzębie, onagry pustyni, wilki Arabii. Sąsiedzi cesarstwa wschodniorzymskiego z Półwyspu Arabskiego i ich wizerunek w źródłach. Okres przedislamski

Author(s): Teresa Wolińska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Arabs; stereotypes; image; Roman Empire; Byzantium; historiography

The book is dedicated to creating and evolution of the image of inhabitants of Arabia in ancient and early medieval sources. At the beginning the author attempts to answer the questions, which area in the discussed period was treated as Arabia, which ethnoi were considered Arab and what names were used to name them. The second part begins with the chapter devoted to the sources of knowledge of the Greeks and the Romans about Arabia and its inhabitants. The author then presents the lands and tribes considered “Arabic” (rightly or not) by ancient writers, as well as their opinion about the people of the Arabian Peninsula. She tries to explain with which tribal groups and in what circumstances the Greeks and the Romans maintained relations and how it influenced the perception of their Arab neighbours. The above findings have become the foundations for the third part, devoted to the image of the Arabs in late antique and early Byzantine sources. Having presented the fluctuations of geopolitical situation in the early years of current era, the author presents the process of forging a new network of alliances of the two powers: the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire and the Persian Empire with Arab tribes. Much attention has been paid to religious issues, pointing to the cohabitation of pagan beliefs, Judaism and different currents of Christianity in the Peninsula before Islam. The vast chapter discusses the image of the inhabitants in the texts written in a variety of languages by Byzantine authors. It points to the persistence of some, not infrequently stereotypical opinions, spread by the Byzantines, who thus followed the ancient writers, but also to different points of view on the Arab neighbours, resulting from the fact that many of them became Christians. The book is supplemented by the biographies of selected Arab leaders.

Modern conditions of urban development management

Współczesne miasta. Aktualne możliwości rozwoju

Author(s): Danuta Stawasz / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: city economy; city development concepts; urban policies

The theme of the monograph is city in the following relationship: the modern world - economy - society - the system of power and management. The considerations revolve around the question on the factors determining the development possibilities of a modern city. Particular attention is given to the issue of why some cities are successful, while others - despite seemingly favourable circumstances - do not keep up with the dynamics observed in various places and areas of human activity. This publication explains the theoretical aspects of the construction and functioning of the city in relation to the laws and principles arising from the sciences such as economics and management. The issues raised relate to many aspects concerning cities, for example: development phases, their causes and consequences, spatial development of cities, metropolises, metropolisation, sustainable development, "intelligent" development, revitalization, climate change, housing, waste management, mobility and communication, costs of city functioning or the impact of globalization on city situation. The subsequent parts of the publication focus on explaining how contemporary cities are shaped, what functions, factors and resources determine their development. The issue of external effects, social capital and city costs is also raised. The assumptions of modern urban development concepts, i.e. sustainable development and the concept of "smart city" are presented. Further, the institutional economics theory framework is used to present how laws and principles regulate social relations in cities. The significance of the norms and values which are the domain of various types of institutions affecting the regulation of relations between entities, organizations, institutions and residents, property rights, transaction costs, and the public interest is discussed. The issues of the impact of globalization on the city's economy, the change of social attitudes, urban policies as an instrument used for management efficiency and cultural foundations conditioning the development of cities in a globalizing world is also raised.

Unstable parliaments. Intraparliamentary volatility in Serbia and Vojvodina in 2016-2020

Niestabilne parlamenty. Chwiejność wewnątrzparlamentarna w Serbii i Wojwodinie w latach 2016-2020

Author(s): Katarzyna Domagała / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Serbia; Vojvodina; party system; intraparliamentary volatility

The main aim of the research was to analyze the genesis of the scale and the dynamics of the volatility in the exercise of the mandate of a deputy to the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia and the Assembly of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. I chose national and regional parliaments for analysis to find out to what extent volatlity in the performance of deputies’ mandates interfere in Serbia on these two levels (in other words: how often regional deputies "cross" to the national parliament – and vice versa). Analyzing the intraparliamentary volatility on the personal level, I decided to examine both party-switching and replacement. I tried to refer the findings of the researchers - focused on the systems of consolidated democracy and parliaments at the national level - to the case of unconsolidated democracy and parliaments at various levels: central and regional. An additional goal of the study was to trace the dynamics in the evolution of the party systems in Serbia and Vojvodina, in order to show that in fact these systems remain fragmented and extremely polarized, which is important for the scale and dynamics of the volatility in the exercise of deputies’ mandates.

Controlling marketing activities – concept, tools, stages

Controlling działań marketingowych. Pojęcie, narzędzia, etapy

Author(s): Wojciech Grzegorczyk / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: marketing controlling; controlling analysis; marketing audit

The purpose of the presented work is to present basic information about marketing controlling, its functions, tools and stages, as well as to present the necessary controlling analyses relating to the marketing activities of the enterprise. The work consists of two parts. The first presents the concept of control, controlling and marketing controlling. The assumption is made that a necessary condition for an enterprise to use marketing controlling is that it has a Marketing Information System. The second part presents controlling analyses relating to the enterprise's environment, its personnel resources, financial situation, marketing strategy and applied marketing-mix tools. The enterprise implements a marketing strategy and its execution should be controlled. During the implementation of this strategy, information is therefore collected on the degree to which marketing objectives are achieved, the marketing-mix instruments used and the company's position on the market. These are subjected to controlling analyses, which makes it possible to decide whether to stay on the current market, to serve temporal segments, possible adjustments to the marketing strategy or expansion into new markets. planned. On this basis, it prepares a revised strategy for the next period or decides to withdraw from the current market and expand into new markets. Controlling analyses are carried out during the execution of the marketing strategy and can also be carried out after the execution of the strategy as part of a marketing audit. Their scope is then much broader and also includes the industry in which the company operates and the geographical scope of its operations. 

Income redistribution in the world of inequality

Redystrybucja dochodów w świecie nierówności

Author(s): Anna Krajewska,Piotr Krajewski,Katarzyna Piłat / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: income inequality; redistribution; taxes; public spending

For many years, discussions of changes in the Polish economy have focused primarily on economic growth and relatively little attention has been paid to the growing income inequality. However, the growth of interest in the world literature in the problem of inequality and the increase in income inequality in Poland have prompted attention to ways of counteracting this phenomenon against the background of the experience of other European Union countries. For this reason, the book analyses income inequality in the European Union, with a special focus on the Polish economy, and shows the mechanisms through which redistribution affects the reduction of income inequality in modern economies. The analysis carried out in the book shows that income redistribution taking place through taxes and public spending can be an effective tool for reducing income inequality in the countries of the European Union. At the same time, based on the international comparisons, it can be observed that these instruments have been used to an unequal extent in different models of social policy. In particular, the analyses indicate that taxes have an insufficient effect on income redistribution in Poland. Therefore, in order to more effectively reduce income inequality in the Polish economy, a significant reform of the tax system is recommended, including, among other, an increase in the share of income and property tax revenues in budget revenues, or unification of the rules on the use of progressivity in income taxes.

Onomastic Competence in The Teaching and Use of Italian as A Foreign Language. The Polish Context

La competenza onomastica nell’insegnamento e nell’uso dell’italiano L2. Il contesto polacco

Author(s): Artur Gałkowski / Language(s): Italian

Keywords: glottodidactics; Italian; foreign language; competence; onomastics; proper names

The monograph advances the results of research conducted for glottodidactic purposes from the perspective of the teaching and use (learning/application) of Italian as L2 by Polish users. The author validates an evolved scientificdiscussion on the integration of onomastic competence with other competences in the teaching of Italian language and culture. The need to introduce a more active and conscious use of proper names, i.e. onomastic competence in glottodidactic practice, is hypothesised. Onomastic competence is the starting point for activating operations that enrich knowledge of a foreign language – in this case Italian – at lexical, structural, communicative-cultural and pragmatic levels. The thematic essays In the theoretical part of the book account for precursory investigations and key information on the system of proper names in language, thus onomastics as a subdiscipline of linguistics that deals with the formations, processes, and functions of onyms in the oral and written register of language. The application part of the monograph contains onomastic material collected in a heterogeneous corpus, representative of the rich universe of proper names extracted and catalogued in tables with reference to the Italian language-culture: anthroponyms (first names and surnames), toponyms (place/geographical names), marketing chrematonyms (brand names), institutionyms (names of organisations and institutions). First names, toponyms and institutionyms are juxtaposed with Polish equivalents. The onimic material is supplemented by a set of didactic activities and lists of Italian cultural figures and a glossary of basic onomastic terms. The postulate of distinguishing onomastic glottodidactics as a field of interest in linguistic education leads to the suggestion that this strand of glottodidactic studies is the result of an interaction and part of a broader humanistic perspective, which consists of the introduction and integration of onomastics into interdisciplinary areas and didactics, including foreign language teaching.

Financial standing and sustainable development of enterprises in Poland. Sector studies

Standing finansowy a zrównoważony rozwój przedsiębiorstw w Polsce. Badania sektorowe

Author(s): Magdalena Kowalska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: financial standing of enterprises; sustainable development; sustainable development of enterprises

Sustainable development of enterprises is a process of quantitative and qualitative changes aimed at achieving favorable results in economic, social and environmental dimensions. One of the key factors affecting the sustainable development of enterprises is the financial standing, identified with the general financial and property situation of the enterprise, its credibility and ability to settle liabilities. The main objective of the monograph is to assess the impact of the financial standing on the sustainable development of enterprises according to the section of Polish Classification of Economic Activities in 2008-2019. The implementation of the research objective required the use of the method of critical and retrospective review of selected literature on the subject (Polish and foreign), cause-and-effect analysis, creation of econometric models. The layout of the work was subordinated to the verification of the adopted main hypothesis - Financial standing has a statistically significant impact on the sustainable development of enterprises according to the section of Polish Classification of Economic Activities in 2008-2019". The monograph consists of an introduction, six chapters, conclusion, bibliography, list of figures, tables and charts. The introduction contains a synthetic approach to the issues, the main hypothesis and sub-hypotheses. The first two chapters are theoretical and related to the sustainable development of enterprises and the financial standing as its determinant. The third chapter presents the research methodology. The next three chapters present the empirical analysis. At the end, a summary and conclusions resulting from the research are presented.