Keywords: authors list;
Dr. Bence ASZTALOS Prof. Dr. Georg BRUNNER MgA. Mgr. Hana HAVELKOVÁ PhDr. Renata HORÁKOVÁ Doc. PhDr. Judita KUČEROVÁ, Ph.D. Mgr. et Mgr. BcA. Bc. Lenka KUČEROVÁ, DiS., Ph.D. et Ph.D. Mgr. Ondřej MUSIL Mgr. art. Nikolaj NIKITIN Doc. PhDr. Marek SEDLÁČEK, Ph.D. Mgr. Zdislava Voborná ZÁLESKÁ
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Keywords: Inverted/flipped classroom model; music studies; learning videos; University Teaching; evaluation and effectiveness study; student-centered teaching;
This article discusses the Inverted Classroom Model (ICM) as a concept (use of learning videos) for university teaching and presents the results of an evaluation and effectiveness study conducted in the summer semester 2018 at the Institute of Music of the University of Education Freiburg within the field of musicology. After a brief introduction to the concept of ICM, the focus of the article will be on the intervention and research design. Using qualitative and quantitative research methods, it will be explored what effects ICM has on attendance during scheduled class time, how students respond to the videos, how they evaluate the concept and especially the classroom sessions, and what effects on students’ learning success can be attributed to ICM. Furthermore, the article will provide an outlook on further possible uses of ICM for Music Studies.
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Keywords: grieving; school; special educational needs; children at risk; teamwork; resilience; case study;
The chapter deals with the issue of children grieving over the loss of a parent in the school environment. The aim is to clarify the process of grieving, needs and symptoms of the children and provide a management overview of grieving in schools to highlight the complex system of child care in the school environment. Based on a case study, the chapter describes resources and risks of a young boy after mother‘s death and the proces of longitudinal accompanying in the school environment. Analysis of art therapy and intervention, communication with the child, teachers and the bereaved parent refers to the importance of school support, recognition of supportive measures in the case of the grieving child, close cooperation and resilient environment in the class. Early intervention with the child, further education of teachers and other school employees is an essential part of the school support.
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Keywords: questionnaire; hygiene; addictive substances; illness; obesity; computer; physical aktivity; prevention; sleep; stress; school; research; nutrition; health; lifestyle;
A range of risk factors, so-called civilization diseases, begins to develop in childhood and fully manifested in adulthood. It is important to point out these factors and affect them with appropriate preventive activities. The chapter contains the results of the research carried out on a sample of elementary school pupils. The quantitative survey uses a method of an anonymous questionnaire sent to 100 pupils attending the selected elementary school. Several areas of life style (nutrition, physical activity, risk behaviour of addiction, sleep, leisure) were mapped. The final results show that the pupils participated in the research do not respect the principles of the healthy lifestyle to the extent necessary. Their knowledge and habits are average. The research reveals that the emphasis should be focused on nutrition composition and regularity in eating, drinking regime, the strengthening movement and reducing the risks for substance abuse.
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Keywords: family; family therapy; education of professionals; family support; interdisciplinary care; institutional care;
The chapter presents a research study focused on the role of family therapy in the child‘s life and its merit in the whole family system. We proceeded from the analysis of six foreign language reports, in which the authors deal with children in institutional care, substitute family care and the hospitalization of children. All research defines the importance of family therapy in the process of change that is expected from the family system or its well-founded role in preparing the family for new situations. Based on the analysis, we have defined the importance of family therapy as a means of understanding the family situation, enhancing the competencies of its members, coping with the family burden as well as unifying the family and strengthening the area of functional behaviour. We also investigated the situations in which family therapists are sought after abroad, where researchers often encounter not only child-threatening situations (maltreatment, trauma, hospitalization), but also the preparation for alternative family care and, last but not least, the issue of the disturbance of emotional ties. We also looked at the demands of professionals involved in the change process in the child‘s family. The authors also mention the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Keywords: prevention; problems in behaviour; educational needs; inclusion; teacher; pupil; elementary school; communication;
This chapter deals with a dialogue between teacher and pupil in the elementary school environment. The mutual relationship makes basic communication lines which fulfil the educational process. Both participants‘ actions create the given environment as well as the environment shapes and affects the participants. The text draws readers‘ attention to disharmonic aspects of the mutual communication, especially regarding school discipline. There is important to focus on barriers which are related to the figure of the teacher. The personal attitude of the teacher and his prejudice against the pupils‘ risk behaviour are in particular considered one of the possible barriers. The main aim of the text was to carry out the research related to the topic of teacher-student dialogue in the available literature and point to information resources for further study.
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Keywords: client; addictive substances; prevention; behavioural disorder; case study; family; school; educational institution; research; health;
A stimulating and harmonious family environment is a necessary condition for the child‘s healthy development. Institutional care takes over the responsibility for the care of children whose families are not able to provide them with relevant services. The chapter presents 5 educational institution clients coming from families with a positive family history of behaviour and substance use disorders. The qualitative survey uses a method of case studies, interviews and observations to analyse their life stories. The aim of the study was to clarify whether children who have undergone institutional care have a chance to integrate into the society and succeed in the labour market. The results show that clients who take responsibility for their future life are able to develop real-life goals, study and get a job. Clients who have undergone institutional care consider the years spent in the facility with joy and highly appreciate the interest and effort of pedagogical employees.
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Keywords: philosophers of Central Europe and France; phenomenology and existentialism; dissent; solidarity of the shaken;
Jan Patočka’s French experience dates back to his youth; he studied at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University (among other fields also Romance Studies), in 1928 he went to Paris where he attended lectures of E. Husserl at the Sorbonne. Already in the 30’s, Patočka expressed his views on Descartes’ thoughts in the epilogue to Discourse on the Method. Jan Patočka excelled in penetrating thinking as well as in the ability to critically reflect French existentialism at the time of its emergence and penetration to the Czech lands in the 60s of the 20th century. In fact, the ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and J.–P. Sartre significantly influenced Patočka’s concept of asubjective phenomenology. But how do the French perceive Jan Patočka? Is their attempt to rank Patočka among other Eastern European philosophers like the Pole Czeslaw Milosz or the Hungarian István Bibó – influenced sometimes by too uncritical viewpoint of and admiration for so-called dissent? The aim of this paper is a small insight into the French intellectual world. The intention is to map which Patočka’s topics are beneficial for French thinking in the (not just contemporary) “European community of the shaken [in solidarity]” (Laignel-Lavastine, 2010, p. 237).
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Keywords: beginning of history; responsibility; demonic mystery; religious mystery; Christianity; soul care; Platonism;
In his analysis the author refers to the distinction that the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka makes between demonic, orgiastic experience of sacrality and to the responsibility relating philosophical questioning as two forms of overcoming of the service to a self-fulfilling life. Freedom from the everydayness and orgiasm and responsibility for what rules over all things, though it does not exist in the sense of the thing, in philosophy takes the form of soul care that the soul becomes “immortal”, because of its self-surrender it overcomes even the most recent link to life in the middle the inter-secular being. Platon’s care of the soul, with which begins the history of philosophy and of Europe, contains the orgiastic mystery in itself that there is, however, subordinated to the discipline of reason and responsibility. The crisis of Europe originates in the fact that history is no longer understood as a history of responsibility, which does not arise from insufficient knowledge, but from the tendency to conceal the immense difference that divides the orgiastic mystery from the religious mystery, most perfecty embodied in the Christian myth about the God-man.
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Keywords: Patočka; Nietzsche; Heidegger; platonism; metaphysics; morality;
The idea of negative platonism, formulated by Jan Patočka in the early 50’s, can be understood as an interpretation of the history of philosophy, with a special reference to it’s Greek origin. It opens the way to critical thinking in connection with the metaphysical tradition and to the formulation of basic phenomenological themes, but ultimately it leads to the reconstruction of the conditions for further Greek interpretation of the Christian heritage. Patočka reconstructs the approach of Greeks understanding of metaphysics in the sense of shifting from a non-objectivizing way of understanding the world as a whole to fulfilling the ambition of a systematic knowledge of absolute reality. Based on this, Patočka proposes a new reading of Plato – a sphere of thought, separated from empirical reality, becomes a symbol of human freedom, which is understood as the ability to overcome the (objective) world, creating the possibility of understanding it as an absolute horizon. Then the concept of freedom refers to the hidden subject of metaphysics, with a more explicit rethinking of this problem in the context of Patočka’s reflections associated with selected problems of Nietzsche and Heidegger’s philosophy.
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Keywords: solidarity of the shaken; ecological crises; ethics; the temporary autonomous zone; moral subject;
The article analyses the ethical ideal of Jan Patočka. The author examines what solidarity possibilities the shaken have as moral subjects in times of ecological crisis. It considers the forms of solidarity and the way the shaken can get involved in the current world. The author of the article challenges Patočka’s demands on moral subjects as combatants and ascetics, and confronts Patočka’s views with selected contemporary authors. He compares the possibilities of Patočka’s ideal with the ideal of Bey’s temporary autonomous zone. He confronts the impacts of being shaken at the front with the feelings of the ecological crisis. He defines the moral model of the western, modern, resigned, subject based on the studies by G. Lipovetsky, and compares it with the behavioural models provided by the others analysed authors. The author of the article examines whether his moral model is similar to the Patočka’s ideal of great Czechness. The author comes to the conclusion that Patočka’s solidarity of the shaken is going to be more actual with the approach of an ecological disaster.
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Keywords: Patočka; Rorty; freedom;
In Patočka’s and Rorty’s philosophy, despite of the diametrically different concepts and the conditions in which they were created, they offer a common moment for the reconstruction of liberalism and the theoretical possibility of fulfilling the freedom of the personal entity. Patočka tries to point out the importance of transcendence for human life. He tries to save metaphysics, which not has to be necessarily dogmatic. He urges people to combine their spirituality with skepticism and modesty, and on the basis of the Socratic knowing of unknowing and with humility, they become the people who are opening for transcendence. Rorty in his reflections about man points to moral responsibility and tries to lead him to knowing itself and the to the ambition to take responsibility for his own action, because only man has unique possibilities and the ability to form his own authentic way of life. Rorty’s concept of freedom understood as a contingent phenomenon is based on the concept of the history of Western philosophy and is closely linked to the problem of metaphysics and truth as well as by Patočka. Based on reflections of human freedom (which are different in some moments, but in many of them, they are significantly complementary and they are blend together, both philosophers will try to point out some kind of timeless ideal of human freedom in relation to the context in which, and which we are thinking about.
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Keywords: Philosophy; phenomenology; world; society; politics;
The paper tries to define what Patocka’s could understand as a Socrates personality. In the individual parts of the paper, based on the content analysis of selected texts about Patocka’s, the reader acquaints himself with the basic contours of Patocka’s thinking, that the complex philosophical speech interprets his understanding of the phenomenology of the essence of Patocka’s asubjective phenomenology. He explains Patocka’s understanding of Socrates’s soul-lover, and in this context he explains the subsequent relationship of philosophy and politics. The contribution leads to contemporary European issues of the sense of the crisis in modern times. The conclusion at the end comes to the belief that man only enters history by living in opposition to any arbitrarily ruling power present. In this spirit they are Patocka’s philosophical thoughts are timeless and not bound by any pre-given or life-unverified sense. One should realize the moral basis of truth in an unprejudicary and still open mind.
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Keywords: History; Historicity; Negative Platonism; Care of the Soul;
An inevitable part of Patočka’s philosophical work is the philosophy of history. His has been working on it during his whole life and he has seen the main task of philosophy in it. The paper is trying to show the main line of Patočka’s philosophy of history – the relationship between the human and the history and the historicity as a rise on one side, in the opposite relation to the decadence on the other. Exactly the rising movement coming from the decadence is the main principle, on which Patočka’s new – philosophical – periodicity of the history is based. Significant part of Patočka’s understanding of the concept of history is an idea of taking care of the soul, which is marking the main line of the history, understood as something that has created European man and Europe as a spiritual form. Patočka’s theory of the philosophy of history is very inspiring and actual even in the present time. The main reason of its actuality, is the idea of historicity, which in its essence means to be willing to see a human behaviour as an endless problem and which has created the base for the care of the soul and for the philosophy itself.
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Keywords: Patočka; phenomenology; neohellenism; philosohphy of history; Foucault;
Patoček’s philosophy of history and its concept of European time are based on the neohellenistic myth that puts the representatives of the ancient Enlightenment in the center of western thinking without properly reflecting the real socio-political context of this Enlightenment. Once this myth was combined with Patočka’s need to find a phenomenological constitution of philosophy of history, Patočka and his faithful pupils lost their sense of reality. They have ceased to make a distinction between the formulation of the ideal of freedom, responsibility and democracy from its actual fulfillment. Therefore, they closed their thinking in nostalgic romanticism. This has serious consequences. This is illustrated by the example of the failure of the Palouš’ educational philosophy.
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Keywords: labyrinth; paradise of the heart; pansophia; conversion; open soul; pedagogy of turnover;
The article seeks to outline Patocka’s contribution to the interpretation of Comenius pedagogical legacy, especially in connection with contemporary issues concerning the further direction of pedagogy as a theory of education. Here, on the basis of content analysis of the selected Patocka’s texts devoted to Comenius’s pedagogical ideas, the article brings a new perspective on Patocka’s concept of openness of the soul and so-called pedagogy of turnover as inspiration for next development of pedagogical ideas. In individual parts, it gradually analyzes the main Patocka’s texts of comeniology, and notes the problems faced by Comenius and Patocka in connection with the realization of the concept of openness of the soul. It emphasizes the importance of a fundamental change in attitudes based on the harmonization of individual aspects of human personality, a comprehensive approach to the human being through education. The paper concludes on the necessity of an authentic conversion to the open soul, a deep internal transformation towards real humanity, which can now be one of the few possibilities to escape from the crisis of today’s society.
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Keywords: Home; phenomenology; solo-living people; We and Others;
This paper is focused on the methodological and theoretical influence of phenomenological studies on the field of studies of home. It is mainly focused on the theoretical work of Czech phenomenological philosopher Jan Patočka. In the text his work on space is applied on empirical data gathered during the research of home of solo-living people. The aim of the text is to show the possibly interpretation of this data based in the phenomenological tradition of everyday life studies.
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Keywords: philosophy; Jan Patočka; spiritual man; Faculty of Education of the Masaryk University;
The paper introduces Jan Patočka as one of the possible guides from the world of shadows to the real world, based on the assertion that this important Czech philosopher can be considered as a representative of the so-called “spiritual people”. Patočka’s guidance can be observed in his texts including those related to his pedagogical activity, but can be connected even to his pedagogical missions. The second part of the text describes one of these missions – his four-semester long term at the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University in Brno in 1946-1948. The pedagogical mission of Jan Patočka is considered at the Faculty of Education as one of the cornerstones, on which the faculty providing academic education to teachers, was built in 1946. The system of the faculty was based on seminars at the time of its foundation. One of them was the philosophical seminar for which Jan Patočka was called upon from the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague. As such, Jan Patočka became the first “philosophy teacher“ at the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University.
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