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How Effective is Microfinance on Poverty Reduction? Empirical Evidence on ACSI (Ethiopia)

Author(s): Bogale Berhanu Benti / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As per the World Bank report (2015), in 2000 Ethiopia had one of the highest poverty rates in the world, with 56 percent of the population living on less than (U.S.) $1.25 purchasing power parity (PPP) a day. According to International Fund Agricultural Development (2008), “Under the IFAD, initiated Rural Financial Intermediation Programme (RUFIP), impressive results have been achieved over the past five years in expanding outreach in the delivery of financial services by operationally sustainable microfinance institutions (MFIs) and RUSACCOs, with the clientele growing from about 700,000 to nearly 2 million poor rural households. The programme has demonstrated the potential of rural finance in enabling a large number of poor people to overcome poverty. Women account for about 30 per cent and 50 per cent of beneficiaries of MFIs and RUSACCOs respectively. However, much remains to be done, particularly in improving management information systems and expanding outreach to access-deficit and pastoral areas” Republic (2008). Based on the strategy of poverty eradication, microfinance institutions are playing significant role on the reduction of poverty and increase source of income by providing financial services, such as saving and credit to rural poor household society particularly poor women household. Therefore Amhara credit and saving institution (ACSI) has a significant effect on poverty alleviation and the institution stands for poor rural household and enable them to invest small sum of money in productive activity.

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Młodzież i nowe media. Wpływ statusu socjo-ekonomicznego na użytkowanie nowych mediów przez nastolatków w Polsce i w Niemczech

Author(s): Krystyna Doktorowicz,Christoph Huth,Anna Latos / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Research on the role of media in the lives of young people1 has a long tradition and dates back to the 1930s. It was in the United States that the use of radio as an important leisure activity for children was studied for the first time.2 Even earlier, in 1911, M. M. Davis made New York teenagers’ attendance of film screenings the subject of scientific interest. With the development of media, and above all the television and subsequent generations of new media, young audiences and users have become the subject of research of many disciplines such as psychology and pedagogy, sociology, cultural sciences and media studies… [fragment of introduction]

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Wykorzystanie mediów społecznościowych przez miasta na prawach powiatu w województwie śląskim

Author(s): Kamil Niesłony / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Social media have been playing an important role in the informational and promotional process of city councils. In the article, it has been investigated to what degree and on which planes social media are employed by the officials of cities with county rights in Silesian Voivodeship. It has been demonstrated which tools city officials use, what the popularity of individual profiles is, how long the profiles have been run, whether the main potential of social media, i.e. the possibility of interaction, has been properly exploited, and whether the higher number of workers of the promotion departments guarantees a higher efficiency in running social profiles. The article concludes with the presentation of the most engaging and active profiles, as well as those where the response time of the sender to users’ comments was the shortest.

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Efektywność wykorzystania narzędzi komunikowania politycznego w Internecie przez prezydentów miast na prawach powiatu województwa śląskiego

Author(s): Agata Olszanecka-Marmola / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Internet is at present one of the most important tools of political communication. From the point of view of politicians, it is a perfect tool, not only for economic reasons, but also because the fact that it offers the possibility of permanent communication, which is especially important in the period in-between campaigns. The present article aims to discuss the use of internet sites and social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube) by the presidents of cities with county rights from the Silesian Voivodeship. The research conducted indicates the insufficient and inefficient use of the Internet by the politicians subjected to the study. It also demonstrates the intensification of communicative activities on the Internet during election campaigns, and its gradual suppression in the period in-between campaigns.

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Franciszkanie – od średniowiecznej mistyki do obecności w cyberprzestrzeni

Author(s): Dagmara Drzazga / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Catholic church appreciates and exploits social media as an essential tool of information and evangelization. The possibilities that open up in the sphere of the so-called new media are recognised by many parishes, dioceses, and communities. Active in this area are the Franciscans, who transfer the spirituality of their patron and founder, Saint Francis of Assisi to the cyberspace. The continuator of the ideas of the Poor Little Man was Saint Maksymilian Maria Kolbe, called “a visionary of contemporary social communication”. His achievements in this area, even before the II World War, have been discussed in the second part of the article. The third part has been devoted to the present achievements of the Franciscans in building dialogues on the Internet.

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Popularność utworów muzycznych i ich coverów na YouTube

Author(s): Olaf Flak,Adrian Robak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present a reply to a research problem concerning the reasons why a demand for song covers on YouTube measured by the number of hits is higher than the demand for their original versions. The problem has been exemplified by the music piece ‘I will always love you’. The article contains the description of the functioning of YouTube as a music market, its basic subjects, the model of the market, as well as the market mechanism in which a song and its cover are goods. An attempt at solving the research problem is the musical analysis of the original song and its cover, as well as the specification of basic determinants that cause greater demand for song covers than for their original versions.

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Wybrane aspekty propagandy gospodarczej – na przykładzie Centralnego Okręgu Przemysłowego (1936–1939)

Author(s): Wojciech Chudzik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Central Industrial District (COP) built in 1936–1939, intended as the largest business enterprise of the Second Republic of Poland, became the subject of great economic propaganda conducted by the state authorities. The deliberations in the article have been focused on presenting an analysis of the issue of the propaganda disseminated because of the construction of the COP. There have been presented different actual examples of that propaganda. Giving answers to several questions posed at the beginning of the article was aimed at providing an assessment of whether the character of economic propaganda is negative or positive

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Przyczynek do powstania i działalności Komitetu Słowiańskiego w Polsce w pierwszych latach po zakończeniu II wojny światowej

Author(s): Marcela Gruszczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The years of 1945–1947 constituted the peak of the popularity of the idea of Slavic unity in Poland. In those days, the communist authorities treated the cooperation of the Slavs as the primary determinant of the internal and foreign policy of the state, considering it as the guarantee of peace and security in post-war Europe. The appealing to the myth of the Slavic community was also aimed at gaining certain advantages. The role of the Slavic Committee, as the institution of propaganda, was to deliberately shape the society through carefully selected catchwords and role models. They moulded the attitudes and behaviour of the citizens into the ones desired by the communists.

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Przywództwo w Sojuszu Lewicy Demokratycznej

Author(s): Michał Radecki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The work has been aimed at conducting the analysis of the leadership in the Democratic Left Alliance and in its predecessor, the Social Democracy of the Polish Republic. What was taken into consideration were formal regulations related to the election of the leader, the degree of the inclusiveness and decentralisation of the election, the modification of the election procedure and its basis, and the competitiveness of the internal elections. Moreover, there have been presented the socio-demographic profile of the party leaders and the reasons why they desisted from occupying the position.

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Obywatelski Panoptikon? Idea społecznego nadzoru

Author(s): Kinga Jaruga / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The experience of recent centuries teaches that the concept of Panopticon, an ideal prison designed in the eighteenth century, whose idea consisted in the conviction/sensation of being continuously controlled, reaches well beyond the sketch of the penitentiary architecture. The Bentham’s vision, adapted into the domain of science in the form of an idea being the symbol of permanent surveillance, more and more frequently is becoming an object of the discussion among the citizens concerned about the fact that it will eventually be an inevitable element of life in the modern state. The chief aim of this article is to attempt to reverse the order proposed by Jeremy Bentham and Michel Foucault by presenting forms and tools of public scrutiny over public institutions and centres of power. The author’s intention is to present forms provided by law to control power, examples of organisations (such as WatchDog, Think Thank, etc.) and initiatives undertaken by them in order to eliminate negative practices being the effect of the governance. The deliberations will be therefore focused on the attempt to outline the conditions determining the actual attainability of enforcing transparency of acting of the state administration bodies.

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Trudna sytuacja życiowa dzieci i młodzieży z obszaru wielkomiejskiej biedy jako zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa społecznego – egzemplifikacja miasta Siemianowice Śląskie

Author(s): Natalia Stępień-Lampa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article addresses the problem of difficult living conditions of children and young people living in the area of urban poverty. The deliberations are based on the example of the town of Siemianowice Śląskie. After 1989, in this town there have been numerous social problems, which resulted from the systemic transformation and restructuration of heavy industry. What is particularly disturbing is the concentration of poverty on a spatially limited area and the emergence of areas of urban poverty. Their occurrence contributes to the threat to social safety.

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Istota i wybrane aksjologiczne uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa społecznego

Author(s): Paweł Grzywna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Abstract: This article is aimed at presenting and analysing the concept of social safety along with the evolution of this category. There will be also outlined the main risk factors for social safety and the welfare state. Additionally, determinants of social safety (especially axiological determinants), their character and the consequences of their influence on the national security policy will be the other subjects of the deliberations.

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Zjawisko transseksualizmu w polskiej polityce

Author(s): Żaneta Krawczyk‑Antońska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The sphere of politics is the domain reserved for a group which meets certain criteria of competence and ideological affiliation. Over the years, some socio-cultural factors, such as gender, race, sexual orientation and others, also constituted the barrier against entering politics. Meanwhile, gradual removing restrictions upon the access to legislative bodies was always surrounded by controversy and discussion. The year 2011 showed, however, that Polish politics was ready for a new opening which resulted in granting parliamentary seats to a self-confessed homosexual and a transsexual person. These changes made a contribution to undertake the research on the phenomenon of legitimacy. This article constitutes an attempt to answer the question whether, from the perspective of the average citizen, transsexualism of a politician may affect the voters’ sense of their interests being represented in the state bodies. The conclusions have been based on the empirical studies carried out by the author in 2012.

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Wartości społeczne w kontekście dewaluacji idei politycznych

Author(s): Zbigniew Boleń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The strategy of public relations employed by major political parties in Poland is primarily based on ideological and philosophical discrepancies in the society, thus distracting people’s attention from the programme discrepancies, which appear to remain in the background. Axiological references in politics are intended to maintain emotional bonds with potential voters. The aim of the study is to examine the influence of political ideology on the results of the election and the reasons for abstention. The ideas referred to as social are being abused and exploited by politicians in the power struggle. Unfulfilled election promises lead directly to the devaluation of political ideas. This weakens the individual’s willingness to participate in public life, which is not without significance for modern democracy.

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Wojskowa emanacja władzy królewskiej w osobie hetmana na przełomie XV i XVI w.

Author(s): Katarzyna Niemczyk-Wiśniewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the reasons for which the monarch in the fifteenth century decided to cede part of their military prerogatives to the person of hetman, as well as the stages of the development of this position. The creation of the hetman office was the result of several factors. Firstly, in the mid-fifteenth century, significant changes took place in the military system: in place of the general militia, the role of the primary military unit was assumed by mercenaries. Simultaneously, firearms appeared and military tactics developed. In the new conditions, the monarch needed someone who was able to take command over a professional army, who had adequate knowledge and skills. Another factor influencing the formation of the hetman office was a constant threat to the south-eastern Polish border, which necessitated the formation of regular troops to defend the south-eastern borders and the establishment of their permanent leader. Finally, the third factor was the tradition of establishing in Poland general prefects or commanders of the court military troops as deputies of the king. These three factors engendered the formation of the office of hetman. The creation of the office went through several phases and in each of them the hetman prerogatives and powers were different. The titulature was also subject to transformation and in each of the phases the term of the Crown Hetman had in practice different significance.

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Społeczeństwo cyberdemokracji a władza realna – nowy wymiar relacji

Author(s): Małgorzata Kopeć,Maria Puls / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Abstract: As the result of the development of new media, the contemporary existence takes on a two-dimensional character. Scenes from the life of a human which take place in the real and virtual worlds are mutually complementing and actuating. On several occasions, after having begun their course in the Internet galaxy, they turn into real social activities. The popularity of the cyber-democracy citizenship and exercising freedom of expression on the Internet makes us the witnesses of a new relationship between the citizens and the government. This also includes electronic civil disobedience, which may be observed on blogs, web pages, or Idymedia network. The citizens organising themselves together via the Internet and their active participation in civic journalism leads to the fact that being an active citizen takes on another dimension.

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Polityka społeczna w dorobku Wacława Szuberta a obecne wyzwania społeczne

Author(s): Stanisława Golinowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

We live in a world of the increased dynamics of changes caused by new technology, globalization and the demographic revolution. Adapting to change requires indicating the most appropriate direction of reforms, which would favour settlement of social issues. Accordingly, one must decide: on the one hand, how much we should follow the principles of social policy shaped in the industrial era, with its institutional successes, such as social insurance and industrial relations, while protecting the world of work against poverty and moving peacefully from disputes and conflicts; on the other hand, how far should we proceed in altering the classic rules and institutions, while ensuring universal social rights, and leaving work-related commitments only to those who want and can work and do have appropriate skills and qualifications. Between these extreme visions a new model of social policy will be shaped.

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Dylematy współczesnej polityki zdrowotnej. Sugestie Profesora Szuberta

Author(s): Włodzimierz C. Włodarczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The simultaneous crisis of the recently-influential neoliberalism and the exploitation of left-wing ideas lead to the alarming rise of populism, disregarding the debate in which the arguments reaffirmed by the researchers do matter. The development of knowledge and technological progress open up more and more opportunities to protect health and prolong life, yet at the same time the unsubstantiatedly raised hopes lead to unreasonable expectations, and the absurd pressures resulting from disappointment become dangerous to democratic order. It can be argued that health policy is no exception, that it shares fate with other social policies, where the rational argument has ever weaker persuasive forces. The author is searching for answers to the following questions: on universal access to health care, on the model of the healthcare system, on health determinants, on health inequalities and confront them with the answers possibly given by Professor Szubert.

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Relacje polityki społecznej i prawa pracy (rozważania na temat związków polityki społecznej i prawa pracy w sferze powszechnej ochrony trwałości stosunku pracy)

Author(s): Andrzej Marian Świątkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The universal protection of the long-term employment relationship guaranteed by the labour law provisions serves the satisfaction of the basic need of people at the age of professional activity. Legal security as a universal axiological basis of modern labour law and social security has been presented to the entourage of lawyers specializing in labour law relatively recently. This raises the need to specify the relationship between social policy and labour law. The direct reason for the interest in these interdependencies constitute the activities of the modern legislator, that applies the structure of the termination of employment relations with the population of workers employed in public/state-owned workplaces, which is contrary to the idea of legal security.

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Pracodawca jako podmiot realizujący założenia polityki społecznej w zakresie zaspokajania potrzeb bytowych, socjalnych i kulturalnych pracowników – wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Paulina Matyjas-Łysakowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Social policy is focused on solving social problems. Labor law serves the implementation of social policy. Social policy, and in particular employment policy, plays a significant role in shaping better living and working conditions, protects against exploitation, improves occupational health and safety and is responsible for providing protection in the event of losing a source of income. Access to basic social benefits is obtained through participation in the labor market and in the absence of employment by social assistance institutions. The state is responsible for the implementation of the social policy objectives. By means of legal regulations, the state interferes with the content of the employment relationship in order to create decent living, working and paying conditions. In this study there are indicated some examples of solutions that involve the employer in the process of implementing social policy assumptions in the scope related to satisfying the living, social and cultural needs of employees.

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