Ко бира судије уставног суда?, Фондација Центар за јавно право, Сарајево, 2012, стр. 286.
Review of: Đorđe Marković "Who Elects the Constitutional Court Judges ?", Center for Public Law Foundation, Sarajevo, 2012, p. 286.
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Review of: Đorđe Marković "Who Elects the Constitutional Court Judges ?", Center for Public Law Foundation, Sarajevo, 2012, p. 286.
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Pred vama se nalazi publikacija koja je rezultat realizacije projekta Jačanje uloge profesionalnih udruženja u oblasti pravosuđa u Bosni i Hercegovini - JUP BiH. Projekat je podržala Vlada Velike Britanije, a realizovala ga je Asocijacija za demokratske inicijative (ADI) Sarajevo, tokom četrnaest mjeseci. Cilj projekta bio je jačanje profesionalnih udruženja u oblasti pravosuđa (udruženja sudija, tužilaca, advokata, notara i udruženje medijatora), kao organizacija civilnog društva, koje trebaju aktivnije učestvovati u procesima reforme pravosuđa i uključiti se u šire društvene trendove. Organizacija ADI Sarajevo, doprinijela je jačanju kapaciteta profesionalnih udruženja u oblastima pravde i pravosuđa tako što je, u sklopu ovog projekta, organizovala edukativne programe za predstavnike profesionalnih udruženja, ali i zajednički rad predstavnika u radnim grupama. Jedanaest bosanskohercegovačkih profesionalnih udruženja, koje djeluju u oblasti pravosuđa, delegirali su svog predstavnika/cu. Delegirani predstavnici/ce udruženja su činili fokalnu radnu grupu. Članovi/ce fokalne radne grupe pohađali/e su ciklus od četiri tematska treninga i imali/e su četiri radna sastanka na kojima su raspravljali o aktuelnim pitanjima u oblasti pravosuđa, i to radeći u tri tematske radne grupe, koje su se bavile pitanjima vezanim za sadržaj i implementaciju zakona o maloljetničkoj delinkvenciji, zakona o advokatima i notarima, te zakona o stečajnom postupku. Pravac pri realizaciji procesa izgradnje kapaciteta išao je od pojedinačnih članova/ca ka njihovim udruženjima i od profesionalizacije udruženja, kao organizacija civilnog društva, ka njihovoj zagovaračkoj ulozi na nivou praktične politike...
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This is the third successive year in which the Balkan Human Rights Network (BHRN) prepared and published a unified report on the state of human rights in the region. All texts in this publication were prepared by authors who in each of the respective societies in the region have been consistently and persistently observing and analysing the state of human rights. They are esteemed theoreticians and activists in the field of human rights. It seems that this year the preparation and publishing of the report unfolded more smoothly and more efficiently. Among others, this is no doubt attributable also to the experience gained in previous similar activities. However, whether or not the state of human rights in countries covered by this report has also improved, and did their protection become more efficient, is for the readers to decide. We present you here just a short survey of themes contained in the presented national reports, with no intention to offer "binding instructions". Albania. - The report on the state of human rights in Albania is starting with a common judgment that, generally speaking, the government is respecting the human rights of its citizens. Nevertheless, it is noted that many institutions within the public administration are not sufficiently aware of their obligations regarding respect and protection of human rights. The authors claim that corruption, poverty, non-transparent procedures and an insufficiently developed independence of the judiciary represent major challenges facing the Albanian society. It is stressed that there is still a significant number of complaints regarding the conduct of the police, although there is certain progress in the field of procedural and substantive guaranties for a ban on abuse. Widespread child labour and exploitation of children are yet another problem noted in 2007. There was progress regarding protection of the right to education, but there are still relatively frequent examples in which this right was breached, particularly in cases of discrimination. The authors also conclude that for the time being the ombudsman remains the only institution directly assigned to promote and enhance the state of human rights. Bosnia and Herzegovina. - Authors of the report on the state of human rights in Bosnia-Herzegovina are stressing in this edition, too, the specific features of this state's constitutional arrangements and their influence upon the realization and violation of certain guaranteed rights and freedoms. The report is specifically pointing at the fact that, despite being very frequently an issue in all political and legal discussions in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the realization of the right to education and equal treatment within it has not yet produced adequate legal and substantive results. As regards access to law and justice, the report presents a survey of legal provisions and the real scope of the work of institutions dealing with the protection of human rights: the institution of the ombudsman and constitutional courts. Finally, the report paid special attention to the legal and physical situation of the discriminated and endangered groups, particularly disabled persons. Analyzed are the most important aspects of the situation related to members of this population regarding the realization of the right to work, the right to education, the right to adequate health care, social security and access to objects. Bulgaria. - The Bulgarian report starts from the fact that the year under review is also the first year of this country's full membership in the European Union. Mentioned are the basic challenges, which are important both for satisfying EU's standards and for adequate and efficient guarantees related to the respect of human rights. Among these issues particularly important are those related to suppression of corruption and of organized crime, the independence of the judiciary and the efficiency of state administration. The authors of the report hold the view that certain positive developments were achieved regarding demands for respect of provisions on equal pay for equal work, the realization of the right to go on strike in certain state institutions and sectors, and the increase of civil activism regarding environmental protection - the Ombudsman and the Commission for Protection from Discrimination. Macedonia. - According to the authors of the Macedonian report, the authorities in this state are generally respecting human rights, and the most important problems are the misuse of police competences, widespread corruption, trafficking in human beings and discrimination of ethnic minorities. In the last year Macedonia has made progress in fulfilling (political) the necessary criteria for associating with the European Union, and has entered a period of consolidation of institutions in the transition process. In 2007 there was a negligible decrease in complaints regarding violation of civil and political rights, particularly those allegedly performed by the police. On the other hand, the number of complaints regarding violation of the right to education is somewhat bigger than before, and mainly related to violation of certain rights in higher education. The report gives a detailed survey of the functioning of institutions which protect human rights, and presents the situation regarding the right to work of members of marginalized groups. Montenegro. - For the context in which human rights are implemented in Montenegro of substantial importance is the fact that during 2007 this state acquired full membership in the Council of Europe, and that in the same year the state signed the Stabilization and Association Agreement, and also got a new Constitution which implies full capacity of institutions of an independent state. However, the authors point out that the negative consequences of previous armed conflicts, and of the policies and legal instabilities which for many years were present in Montenegro, can still be felt and were not fully removed. Reminding of conclusions of institutions which follow the reform processes in Montenegro, it is stressed that major concerns are caused by a lack of genuine and efficient reform of the judiciary, by the fact that there are no efficient mechanisms for suppressing discrimination (particularly of Romas and displaced persons) and no punishment of torture, by inadequate protection of the right of access to information of public importance and by failures related to guarantees and the realization of the right of children. Serbia. - The state of human rights in Serbia were strongly influenced and frequently overshadowed by the turbulent political events. The National Assembly was inactive from October 2006 until mid-May 2007 which led to delays in the adoption of laws - the Assembly adopted only 70 or so laws by the end of 2007. Only about 20 of them were totally new and nearly all of them were merely fulfilling the formal obligations laid down in the Constitutional Act on the Implementation of the Constitution. The main problems hindering the effective enjoyment of this right lie in the absence of oversight over the implementation of the Act and in mere misdemeanour penalties for its violation. Tolerance of discrimination in practice is above all reflected in inefficient investigation, prosecution and punishment of its perpatrators and in the lack of systematic and comprehensive legislation.
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In 2011, Belarus experienced a currency crisis and an almost threefold devaluation of the Belarusian ruble. As a result of the crisis, real incomes of the population fell due to high inflation rates. This Policy Paper describes the results of the 2011 Real Income Survey. Average real income in the fourth quarter of 2011 fell by 15% compared to the same period in 2010, however, at the same time, those strata of the population who received relatively higher incomes in the first quarter of 2011 suffered the most. If those who were included in the first decile in terms of income in the 1st quarter of 2011 (10% of the population with the lowest income). By the 6th quarter, real incomes did not decrease, then the representatives of the tenth decile (10% of the population with the highest income) had real incomes decreased by 30%. Pensioners have also been hit hard by the crisis - the real incomes of pensioners have decreased by 16.7% (Q4 to Q1 2011).
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The extension of the Iasi-Ungheni pipeline is a major objective for the Moldovan energy sector. Interconnecting Moldova with the gas market in Romania and Europe is the first step to diversify energy sources and routes, which would reduce the monopoly of Moldovagaz and consolidate the country's energy security. Currently, the Iasi-Ungheni interconnector is still much underutilized and can be fully used only by extending the pipeline to Chisinau, where there is the gas demand, and by increasing the transport capacity on the Romanian side.
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After in 2015, against the background of the banking crisis and the economic decline, the annual inflation approached the level of 10%, the Republic of Moldova entered a phase of moderate price increases. However, the year 2021 marked the end of this period. The rapid global economic recovery in the context of the promotion of stimulatory economic policies and the relaxation of anti-Covid measures in several states, the emergence of problems related to the operation of logistics chains, as well as severe climatic conditions have generated an explosion in the prices of energy, food products and building materials. As a result, the global economy was hit by a strong inflationary wave. The start of the war by Russia against Ukraine led to an additional disruption of international logistics chains and jeopardized the distribution of agri-food goods globally, which further intensified the trend of global price increases started in 2021. Republic of Moldova , likewise, was affected by international economic developments and collided with a rapid rise in prices. In new:2021 annual inflation exceeded the level of 10%, and already in apr:2022 the increase in prices reached 27.1% f-o-p. Moreover, for the year 2022 the NBM forecasts a high level of average annual inflation that will constitute 27.3%. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze in more detail the inflationary developments of the last period, identify the impact of price increases on poverty and formulate some policy recommendations aimed at mitigating the impact of these shocks.
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The recent rise in the number of COVID-19 infections, which was most likely caused by new virus strains, stirred heated public debates about the need to enforce tougher restrictions in order to prevent the virus from spreading. In this context, as a result of the recent meeting of the Supreme Security Council, President Sandu suggested to impose a 2-week state of emergency and for the Government to develop the list of restrictions regarding social and economic activities, which would be then submitted to the Parliament for consideration and approval. The idea of establishing these restrictions (or a lockdown) is controversial per se, as its impact will be felt by everyone, implying costs for some and benefits for others. On the one hand it could lead to economic and social costs, with particular damage to small enterprises and employees with lower salaries, especially if we take into account the population’s low income and the economy that is barely recovering from the most severe recession in the last 20 years, while on the other hand a lockdown could relieve some of the pressure on the health system, prevent infection spreading and allow saving people’s lives. Nevertheless, the heated arguments about this issue miss a cold review of the effects caused by the lockdown of 17 March - 16 May 2020, which could be used as a yardstick for understanding the effects of a potential lockdown in 2021. This analysis estimates those effects on the level of infection cases and deaths caused by COVID-19, as well as on the major economic indicators, by means of precise econometrics and statistical techniques.
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The study "The COVID-19 crisis: state companies between uncertainty and opportunities" was carried out in the context of unexpected developments in economic activity following the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known worldwide as the COVID-19 pandemic. To limit the spread of the virus, the vast majority of states have resorted to unprecedented quarantine and social distancing measures, unimaginable until a few months ago, which are affecting the conduct of several types of economic activities. As time passes and there is still no medical solution to the virus, all the conditions for a major economic crisis appear to be present – sharp decline in GDP, bankruptcies and rising unemployment. In response, broad state intervention is seen as the key to economic recovery, even by those who in the past viewed the state as a threat to the free market. The general acceptance is that "ordinary tools are not enough to deal with these extraordinary times" and "state companies are part of the governments' effort to recover the situation both medically and economically".
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Moldova's natural resources are in a precarious state. Water is a scarce resource and the country's afforestation rate is extremely low1. This is compounded by inefficient waste management and increased pollution from car emissions. At the same time, the Republic of Moldova fails to explore the potential of fiscal-budgetary instruments in addressing environmental issues. For many years, budget spending on environmental protection has been extremely low. In addition, a number of shortcomings in the regulation of environmental taxes are eroding their ability to stimulate environmentally friendly behaviour of citizens and businesses. The existing system of pollution taxes in the Republic of Moldova is outdated, does not correspond to other countries' practices and is lagging behind other environmental reforms. In this context, this study assesses the national practice in the field of pollution taxes. The study concludes with a set of proposals for making pollution taxes more effective.
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In the present study, we evaluated, based on statistical data and interviews with representatives of commercial banks and payment systems, the current situation and the development potential of cashless payments in the Republic of Moldova. A desk research was also carried out of the practices of other countries aimed at stimulating cashless payments, especially among small traders. Economic policy proposals were submitted to support small and medium enterprises in the Republic of Moldova in the implementation of cashless payments.
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Rodna ravnopravnost u oblasti socijalne, ekonomske i zdravstvene politike je izuzetno važna kako na razini Evropske unije i Vijeća Evrope, tako i na razini domaćih institucija zaduženih za promociju i implementaciju međunarodnih standarda ženskih ljudskih prava. U zadnjih nekoliko godina napravljeni su određeni pomaci, ali je još uvijek potrebno ulagati napore kako bi se reducirala stopa nezaposlenosti i socijalne isključenosti žena, a napose žena koje pripadaju najosjetljivim dijelovima bosanskohercegovačkog stanovništva, a to su povratnice. Socijalna isključenost povećava stopu siromaštva, nesigurnosti, a time i ukupnog razvoja društva. Siromaštvo i obespravljenost općenito najviše pogađaju žene, a u Bosni i Hercegovini zbog teške sveukupne ekonomske situacije i postratne tranzicije povratnicama je izuzetno teško, jer često same vode brigu o domaćinstvu i porodici i suočavaju se sa različitim vrstama traumatskih iskustava koja su preživjele i za koja ne nalaze adekvatno razumijevanje i podršku u zajednici. O socijalnoj uključenosti do sada se pisalo i govorilo (UNDP, Socijalna uključenost u BiH), ali status povratnica nije posebno analiziran, niti postoje podaci o njihovom ekonomskom i socijalnom statusu. Situaciona rodno osjetljiva analiza koju je provela TPO fondacija, prvi je pokušaj da se detektira stanje i da se shodno tome predlože mjere unaprijeđenja statusa povratnica. Te mjere podrazumijevju promicanje rodno osviještenih politika u cilju postizanja ravnopravnosti i jednakih mogućnosti za žene i muškarce, o čemu se detaljnije govori u TPO publikacijama: ''Mjere zapošljavanja za povratnice u BiH'' i Rodno osjetljiva analizi zakona i drugih dokumenata relevantnih za povratnike/ce.'' TPO fondacija implementira projekat Socijalne uključenosti povratnica zahvaljujući partnerskim organizacijama u lokalnim zajednicama Bosne i Hercegovine: Lara Bijeljina, Forum žena Bratunac, Krajiška suza S. Most, Udruženje žena B. Grahovo, Medica Zenica i Žena BiH Mostar, bez čije podrške ne bi bilo moguće uspješno uraditi posao na terenu, te im se na ovaj način najiskrenije zahvaljujemo za uspješnu saradnju. Nadamo se da će ova analiza biti od koristi relevantnim državnim institucijama koje se bave pitanjima povratka i rješavanjem socijalnog statusa povratnika/ca da u svojim politikama povratka uključe i rodno osjetljive pristupe i perspektive i osiguraju veću uključenost povratnica kroz različite vidove pomoći u obrazovanju, prekvalifikacijama, zapošljavanju i boljim uvjetima socijalne zaštite. Na taj način će se ispoštovati postavljeni standardi evropske unije u oblasti socijalnih politika, a što je još važnije, najranjivijim grupama – povratnicama bit će data šansa da osiguraju sebi i svojim porodicama život dostojan čovjeka. Norveška vlada je podržala ovaj projekat na čemu smo posebno zahvalni, jer smo po prvi put u Bosni i Hercegovini dobili mogućnost da se pozabavimo povratnicama i općenito rodnom perspektivom povratka. Stavovi izeneseni u ovoj analizi ne odražvaju zvanične stavove norveške vlade.
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Monitoring represents a continual activity which encompassess the systemic data collection on specific indicators, which provides the clear indication to managers and stakeholders of various programs and projects on the progress towards set objectives. Evaluation on the other hand means the systemic and objective assessment of ongoing or completed programs, projects and policies, their design, implementation and results. Combined, purpose of monitoring and evaluation is to establish goal relevance and determine level of attainment of those goals; to determine efficiency and effectiveness, effects and sustainability of the results achieved by implementation of program, project or policy. Evaluation should provide reliable and useful information for incorporation into decision-making processes. Purpose of this Manual is to provide basic information to current and future monitoring and evaluation personnel working on minority population social inclusion programs on how to monitor and evaluate their programs and project. The forms, methods and procedures listed in the Manual should not be considered set in stone. After all, monitoring and evaluation, as well as any other analytical discipline, are dependent on logic, commons sense and the creativeness of the analysts. The Manual additionally contains guidelines and examples of the statistical data analysis and the results presentation. However, considering the breath and degree of difficulty involved with some statistical concepts, these guidelines focused on the descriptive statistics which has a wide range of applications in monitoring and evaluation of social programs. The more sophisticated statistical methods and tests are listed but the procedures on how to do those tests were not elaborated. That segment of the indicator analysis should be left to more experienced analysts, familiar with the statistical science. The intent of this Manual was to describe minimal but sufficient framework for data analysis and presentation and to demonstrate on practical examples what the purpose of monitoring and evaluation in management practices truly represent. We hope that we have succeeded in that endeavor.
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Analiza "Rodno inkluzivne zajednice u BiH" dio je implementacije projekta "Rodno inkluzivne lokalne zajednice u BiH" koji vodi Transkulturna psihosocijalna obrazovna fondacija (TPO) u saradnji sa dvije lokalne organizacije žena - "Lara" iz Bijeljine i "Li-Woman" iz Livna - uz finansijsku podršku Američke vlade. Cilj projekta je da se kroz analiziranje situacije na terenu, nova znanja i vještine žene osnaže da u svojim lokalnim zajednicama postanu aktivne građanke i liderice koje će se, dalje, zalagati za rodno inkluzivne lokalne politike u svojim okruženjima. Na osnovu rezultata i preporuka analize, planirano je da se uz pomoć iskusnih političarki, poslovnih žena i istaknutih liderica lokalnih nevladinih organizacija napravi prirucnik "Integriranje rodno inkluzivnog pristupa u javnom djelovanju". Od 2003. godine, tj. od donošenja Zakona o ravnopravnosti spolova BiH govori se sasvim konkretno i o rodnoj ravnopravnosti na lokalnom nivou1. Mnogi međunarodni i domaći dokumenti omogućavaju reformu lokalnih zajednica - od najznačajnijih dokumenata u oblasti rodne ravnopravnosti Ujedinjenih nacija2, preko Ustava Bosne i Hercegovine, i entiteta, i Gender akcionog plana, pa sve do donošenja Evropske povelje o rodnoj ravnopravnosti na lokalnom nivou.3 Iako je ravnopravnost žena i muškaraca jedna od pet vrijednosti na kojima počiva Evropska unija (EU), i iako se već više od 60 godina ovaj odnos pravno uređuje raznim dokumentima, još uvijek se prepoznaje da de jure ravnopravnost ne osigurava, uvijek i svuda, i de facto ravnopravnost među spolovima. Evropska komisija je 2010. godine usvojila Povelju o ženama, kojom, još jednom, potvrđuje svoju misiju jačanja rodne perspektive u svim svojim politikama i institucijama. I ova se Povelja najviše poziva na UN Konvenciju o eliminaciji svih oblika diskriminacije nad ženama (CEDAW). Također, donesena je i Strategija za ravnopravnost žena i muškaraca u periodu od 2010. do 2015. godine. Ova Strategija predstavlja radni program za konkretno ostvarivanje rodne ravnopravnosti, pri čemu je njen cilj da dodatno podstakne razvoj na nacionalnim nivoima. Strategija stavlja akcent na jednako pravo na ekonomsku nezavisnost, jednaku zaradu za jednak rad, ravnopravnost prilikom donošenja odluka, dostojanstvo, integritet i iskorjenjivanje rodno zasnovanog nasilja, kao i ravnopravnost u javnim aktivnostima. Sve ovo spominjemo kako bismo ukazale na činjenicu da ni u zemljama EU, koje imaju višedecenijsku tradiciju pravne, aktivističke i akademske borbe protiv neravnopravnosti spolova, unapređivanje ravnopravnosti žena i muškaraca nije jednostavna i završena priča, te da se neprekidno moraju analizirati i usklađivati životne realnosti ljudi, kako bi se stvorila kultura koja će stvarno biti zasnovana na rodnoj ravnopravnosti. Kako lokalna zajednica osim političkog značaja, predstavlja i okvir u kojem se odvijaju aktivnosti i donose odluke vezane za svakodnevni život ljudi, neophodno je uvažiti različite uslove života i potrebe žena i muškaraca kako bi one što više odgovarale realnoj situaciji i potrebama građana i građanki. Sve ovo se može ostvariti u okviru nadležnosti lokalne samouprave. Osim državnih, entitetskih, kantonalnih i općinskih pravnih akata, sada postoje i različiti izvori koji se bliže odnose na rodnu ravnopravnost u lokalnoj zajednici, ulogu i zadatke lokalnih mehanizama, a sve su češći priručnici koji približavaju koncept i proces rodne uključenosti u lokalnu zajednicu, pa i analize budžeta i rodnog budžetiranja i na lokalnom nivou.4 Analize koje sprovodi TPO sa partnerskim organizacijama, imaju kao osnovni cilj promociju i implementaciju domaćih i međunarodnih standarda o ravnopravnosti spolova i pružanje podrške državnim mehanizmima rodne ravnopravnosti na svim nivoima vlasti. Ova analiza tiče se konkretno lokalnog nivoa vlasti. Obuhvaćeno je 8 općina/opština (Bosansko Grahovo, Livno, Bijeljina, Ugljevik, Zvornik, Drvar, Lopare i Glamoč) u kojima su urađeni intervjui sa načelnicima/ama odjeljenja za društvene djelatnosti u općinama, predsjednicima/ama općinskih komisija za rodnu ravnopravnost i predsjednicima općinskih vijeća. Također, analizirana je spolna struktura skupština općina, spolna struktura predsjedavanja skupštinskim komisijama, te je napravljena i anketa sa 400 osoba - vijećnici/e općinskih vijeća i zaposleni/e u službama općina. Na osnovu dobivenih informacija sa terena napravljena je analiza procjene diskrepancije između trenutne situacije i stanja koje bi bilo u skladu sa važećim zakonima, i drugim dokumentima, koji se tiču ljudskih prava i posebno ravnopravnosti spolova u oblasti političkih, administrativnih i partnerskih struktura i mehanizama, kao i raspodjele budžeta, na lokalnom nivou vlasti. Doprinos ove publikacije jeste u tome što na osnovu detaljne analize političkih, administrativnih i partnerskih struktura i mehanizama ovih lokalnih zajednica nudi konkretne preporuke koje bi trebalo da omoguće da rodno uključujuće politike postanu svakodnevica u svim institucijama javne i privatne sfere života lokalnih zajednica. I za kraj, budući da se iz intervjua sa osobama koje rade u općinama kao načelnici/e ili predsjednici/e vidjelo da je već i sam pojam rodne ravnopravnosti ponegdje nedovoljno jasan ("(...) pojam rodne ravnopravnosti mi je poznat, ali kada pričamo o tome i žene imaju podijeljena mišljenja.”), shvatile smo da je problem u razumijevanju termina i da treba krenuti od predstavljanja osnovnih pojmova rodne i spolne ravnopravnosti, jer ne vjerujemo da bilo koja osoba želi da bude omalovažavana, vrijeđana, diskriminirana, podcjenjivana ili da trpi nasilje samo zato što je ženskog spola ili roda. Zahvaljujemo partnerskim organizacijama "Lara" Bijeljina i "Li-Woman" na podršci u provedbi intervjua i anketa u osam općina u regijama Bijeljine i Livna, a posebnu zahvalu dugujemo Radmili Žigić i Jasminki Borković koje su se angažirale u pripremi, organizciji i provedbi intervjua.
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This publication outlines and analyses the regulation, availability, and practices of and access to abortion in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first part outlines and analyses international and national legal framework pertaining to abortion and sexual and reproductive rights in a broader sense, with the aim of mapping the positive (existing) regulations in this area, and identifying gaps and room for improvement. Therefore, the first part of the report covers: – analysis of international documents that address sexual and reproductive rights and health, and – analysis of BiH legislation (Federation of BiH, the Republika Srpska, Brčko District of BiH) pertaining to healthcare, reproductive health, specifically abortion, statistical indicators and financing of services under health insurance. The second part outlines and analyses the practices of healthcare institutions and facilities in terms of recognition, enjoyment and exercise of the right to abortion from the perspective of availability of and access to abortion services. Furthermore, we present and analyse the experiences of women from BiH who have had the experience of abortion. In the end, the report presents the findings/conclusions of the research on the availability of abortion, and develops recommendations for improving access to abortion in BiH based on the findings of the research.
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The aim of this research was to provide a deep understanding of the position of LGBTI people in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and the factors that shape their daily lives, as well as to provide insight into the views and offer an understanding of the attitudes and opinions of the general population in BiH towards LGBTI people, their rights and freedoms, and LGBTIQ activism. Through a selected representative sample of 1,023 respondents aged 18 to 65, the research examined the level of awareness and support for LGBTI people and their human rights. The methodological approach included an online survey via the CAWI platform and analysis through descriptive statistics and relations between demographic variables. Research findings indicate a positive trend in the knowledge of LGBTI topics and people in the immediate environment, as well as changes in the attitudes of the general population. The key findings are presented below…
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Vlast Bosne i Hercegovine ima dužnost da provodi svoje zakone, kao i pravne obaveze postavljene međunarodnim konvencijama, od kojih je jedna od najvažnijih Evropska konvencija o ljudskim pravima. U Konvenciji setačno nalaže da svaka osoba treba da uživa sva prava bez obzira na bilo koji društveni, politički, nacionalni ili neki drugi status. Međutim, uprkos tome, prava LGBTI zajednice se beskrajno i hronično dovode u pitanje. U svojim programskim deklaracijama i statutima političke stranke najčešće pišu o tom e da žele da se bore za prava svakog građanina_ke, te za svačiju slobodu bez obzira na njihova određenja i opredjeljenja. Ali, u veoma rijetkim slučajevima se to odnosi na LGBTI zajednicu, te iako se možda nazire podrazumijevanje LGBTI zajednice u tim „opredjeljenjim a", vrlo rijetko se to i izričito napiše. Zašto se riječ „LG B T I" tretira kao ružna riječ? Zašto se ova zajednica i njena povorka ponosa tretira kao politička igra u kojoj podrška znači manje, a osuda više glasova? Ako se sve političke partije stvarno bore za prava i jednakost svakog građanina i svake građanke, zašto su n eki_ejednakiji_e od drugih? Među svim ovim pitanjima, najvažnije isplivava: Kako ovo zaustaviti? Kako podržati LGBTI zajednicu unutar Bosne i Hercegovine i prihvatiti je kao dio ove države, jer ona to ustvari i jeste? Kao što je naznačeno, LGBTI zajednica postoji u Bosni i Hercegovini i puna je glasača i glasačica. Puna je pametnih, inovativnih i inspirativnih ljudi, koji bi ostali tu, samo kada bi se njihova prava poštovala i uvažila. Kako biste uvidjeli zašto je bitno zalagati se za prava LGBTI zajednice, u nastavku su predstavljeni neki od rezultata istraživanja Sarajevskog otvorenog centra o javnom mnijenju o LGBTI osobama u BiH. Prema istraživanju, 17% ispitanika_ca ima anti LGBTI stav, 21% njih je pasivno protiv LGBTI zajednice, a 24% je neutralno. Cak 55% ispitanika_ca tvrdi da im ne bi bilo prihvatljivo da im je dijete LGBTI osoba, dok 36% smatra da su LGBTI osobe bolesne. Zabrinjavajućih 43% vjeruje da je potpuno neprihvatljivo da im sin ili kćerka bude LGBTI osoba, a 34% da to bude član_ica porodice. 53% ispitanika_ca bi na saznanje da im je dijete dio LGBTI zajednice razgovaralo sa djetetom i pokušalo ubijediti dijete da je to pogrešno. Ovi rezultati Vam sami mogu pokazati koliko čak ni djeca koja se pronalaze i ispituju svoj identitet nisu sigurna u našem društvu, te koliko bi ih se uvjeravalo da oni_e nisu ispravni_e, čime bi mladi i inteligentni umovi ostali nepotrebno traumatizirani. Na pitanje koji su najveći problemi LGBTI osoba, 39% ispitanika_ca je reklo to što ih se odbacuje i ne razumije, dok je 28% mišljenja da je najveći problem diskriminacija. Najzanimljiviji nalaz je to da bi 35% ispitanih osoba još uvijek glasalo za favoriziranu stranku u slučaju da ta stranka uključi prava LGBTI zajednice u svoju programsku deklaraciju, 28% ih ne bi više glasalo za tu stranku, dok 8% tvrdi da bi im to još više učvrstilo odluku da glasaju za tu stranku. Uprkos strahovima da bi podrška LGBTI zajednici uzrokovala da se snaga političkih stranaka u BiH smanji, ovo istraživanje dokazuje da bi njihova podrška čak i potakla glasače_ice da ih podrže. Ako ste došli_e do ovog dijela vodiča, te nakon što ste pročitali_e rezultate spom enutog istraživanja, te i dalje mislite da podrška LGBTI zajednici znači protraćeno vrijeme i gubljenje energije koja se može iskoristiti za neka druga politička pitanja, dozvolite mi da Vas u sljedećem dijelu ovog resursa provedem kroz glavne probleme i problem atike LGBTI zajednice u Bosni i Hercegovini, kao i primjere kako ih najbolje riješiti, da se nijedan građanin_ka ne bi osjećao_la manje jednakim_om od drugih.
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LGBTI+ osobe imaju pravo na poštovanje, dostojanstvo i jednakost pred zakonom. Međutim, mnoge LGBTI+ osobe se suočavaju s diskriminacijom, nasiljem i kršenjem ljudskih prava zbog svoje seksualne orijentacije, rodnog identiteta, rodnog izraza ili polnih karakteristika. LGBTI+ osobe nisu zakonski ravnopravne s heteroseksualnim cisrodnim osobama u BiH. Istopolni seksualni odnosi nisu krivično kažnjivi u Republici Srpskoj od 1998. godine, odnosno u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine od 1996. godine. Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije iz 2009. godine zabranjuje diskriminaciju na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i rodnog identiteta. Takođe, postoji zakonska obaveza da se uskladi zakonodavstvo i politike s evropskim standardima u oblasti ljudskih prava, uključujući i prava LGBTI+ osoba.Istopolna partnerstava nisu priznata na entitetskim nivoima, što znači da istopolni parovi nemaju pristup istim pravnim zaštitama i socijalnim pravima kao parovi različitog pola. Trenutni pravni propisi u Bosni i Hercegovini ne pružaju jasnu sliku o tome da li pravna promjena oznake pola zahtijeva „po tpuno" ili „djelim ično" (medicinsko) prilagođavanje pola. Zbog toga je neophodno da Bosna i Hercegovina, njeni entiteti i Brčko distrikt usvoje zakone i druge propise koji će na sistematski i sveobuhvatan način regulisati proceduru promjene oznake pola u ličnim dokumentima i jedinstvenog matičnog broja na osnovu vlastitog zahtjeva trans osobe i prava na sam oodređenje, bez zahtjeva za prethodnom bilo kakvom medicinskom intervencijom. To implicira potrebu da se jasno definiše zakonom ili podzakonskim aktom u entitetima i Distriktu šta jeste promjena pola koju je izvršila zdravstvena ustanova, šta čini medicinsku dokumentaciju kojom se dokazuje prilagođavanje pola, te koja nadležna zdravstvena ustanova vrši tum ačenje dokumentacije. Takođe, život u drugom rodnom identitetu treba prepoznati kao osnov za upravne postupke promjene pola.
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Rodni identitet vezuje se za individualno iskustvo i shvatanje vlastitog spola/roda, što može ali ne mora odgovarati spolu dodijeljenom pri rođenju. Rodni identitet se, između ostalog, odnosi na lični doživljaj roda, tijela, odijevanje i način govora. Osobe čiji je rodni identitet u skladu sa spolom koji mu_joj je dodijeljen pri rođenju nazivaju se cisrodnim osobama, a osobe čiji rodni identitet nije u skladu sa spolom koji mu_joj je dodijeljen pri rođenju nazivaju se trans(rodne) osobe. Transrodni muškarac je osoba kojoj je pri rođenju dodijeljen ženski spol, ali je njegov rodni identitet muški ili se nalazi negdje na spektru maskulinih rodnih identiteta. Transrodna žena je osoba kojoj je pri rođenju dodijeljen muški spol, ali je njen rodni identitet ženski ili se nalazi negdje na spektru ženskih rodnih identiteta.
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This volume includes the summaries of the articles presented at Conference Education in the Perspective of Values, 2022. Within the conference, an important space was allocated to the presentation of research that brought new data on topics of general pedagogy, psychology of Education, didactics, including the design and implementation of didactic activities carried out online. The research presented this year represented scientific fields such as: educational sciences, psychology, theology, philology, philosophy, history, sociology, engineering, music and mathematics, as well as a number of interdisciplinary fields.
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This volume includes the summaries of the articles presented at Conference Education in the Perspective of Values, 2023. Within the conference, an important space was allocated to the presentation of research that brought new data on topics of general pedagogy, psychology of Education, didactics, including the design and implementation of didactic activities carried out online. The research presented this year represented scientific fields such as: educational sciences, psychology, theology, philology, philosophy, history, sociology, engineering, computer science, arts, music and mathematics, as well as a number of interdisciplinary fields.
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