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A characteristic feature of the Westminster system, which includes the Canadian system, is the lack of a tradition of cabinet coalitions formation at the federal level. A much more frequent form of government is a one-party minority government supported by selected political parties in specific votes. This article is a case study of the process of cabinet coalition formation that took place in Canada in 2008. The aim of the opposition parties' cooperation was to counterbalance the minority government of Stephen Harper supported by the Conservative Party. In the article, the elements of the political system were distinguished, which indicate that even obtaining the support of the parliamentary majority did not allow the opposition to finally take power. Particular attention was focused on the role of the Canadian governor general, who had a significant impact on the dynamics of events on the Canadian political scene during the analyzed period.
More...Албаноидне опсене „сопствене” историје и културе
Prikaz knjige "Kosovo na kraju istorije. Sažeta analiza privida" od Aleksandra Petrovića i Danka Kamčevskog
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The book “Liquid Generation” [transl. Sz. Żuchowski, “Czarna Owca” Publishing House, Warsaw 2018] is a record of a conversation between Zygmunt Bauman and an Italian journalist Thomas Leoncini; probably the last interview given by the world-famous sociologist and philosopher, the author of the term ‘Liquid Modernity’. Within the chapters of the book the interlocutors discuss the issues connected with the observed changes which occur in the European community at the turn of the century. The authors talk about the physical transformations (tattoos, plastic surgery, growing a beard); about the changes occurring in committed acts of aggression (verbal exclusion, aggression via gesture and physical assault), as well as they direct their focus to the changes in the field of sex and love, giving a part of the chapter the following title: “The twilight of taboo in the age of the internet trade of the feelings”.. The discussed publication ends up with the “cut off” of the conversation, when one day Zygmunt Bauman does not reply to one of Thomas Leoncini’s e-mails. At first Leoncini loses patience but ultimately he acknowledges the fact that Bauman died. The Bauman’s wife, Aleksandra Kania Bauman, furnished the book with a brief introduction, whereas Szymon Żuchowski translated the book from Italian.
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This study offers an interpretation of Miguel de Unamuno’s and John Dewey’s views on education. The article consists of three parts. After the short introduction which describes Unamuno’s and Dewey’s general views on education and their impact on the development of the system of education in different countries, in the first part of the article I describe Unamuno’s approach to education in general and the role of pedagogy in particular; in the second part the education is interpreted based on Dewey’s point of view; and the third part represents the analysis of similarities in the understanding of the role of education and its place in the formation of personal liberty. This is the first attempt to connect Unamuno’s and Dewey’s views on this topic.
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Book-Review: Zakaria Fareed. Przyszłość wolności. Nieliberalna demokracja w Stanach Zjednoczonych i na świecie. Tłum. Tomasz Bieroń. Warszawa: Fundacja Kultura Liberalna, 2018, ss. 329. Reviewed by Grzegorz Bednarczyk.
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Culture formed a significant element of political thought of every major politicalmovement, both during the final years of partition of Poland, and after it regained itsindependence. The scope of interest of people’s parties covered almost everything thathad a rural context, relating to the many millions of peasants. The present article analyzesthe program assumptions of the Polish People’s Party “Piast” [Pol. Polskie StronnictwoLudowe “Piast”], Polish People’s Party “Wyzwolenie” [Pol. Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe“Wyzwolenie”], Peasant’s Party [Pol. Stronnictwo Chłopskie] and the People’s Party [Pol.Stronnictwo Ludowe] relating to the aforesaid category of political sciences. These partiesplayed a significant role in the history of people’s movement, influencing the shape of therecreated Polish state during the interwar bi-decade. The political thought of people’s partiesaimed at bestowing the peasant’s culture with both autonomous, and nationwide value.These ideological assumptions were included in the political programs of people’s parties
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Sudden changes in power and unfinished terms have been a part of Latin American politics since the countries’ birth. For more than one and a half century they had been made by way of coup d’état or revolution. However, the “third wave” of democratization brought new, democratic and legal ways to remove the most important people from power. The article aims to compare specific cases of impeachment, which took the place of the coup, although the political, economic and social background differs in each case. The analysis showed that some patterns are noticeable, like removing a president after a corruption scandal or because he had not fulfilled his campaign promises or because of mass demonstrations of discontent with neoliberal reforms. Impeachment is a very welcome alternative to any use of force, but at the same time its high frequency proves that there are some faults in the political systems.
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The purpose of this article is a presentation of Turkey’s state policy toward the Kurds, the Republic of Turkey’s largest ethnic minority under AKP rule. The main point of reference is an internal situation in Turkey from the 2000s. The author points out the beginnings of the next stage of Kurdish-Turkish conflict taking into account the results of the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2014 and 2015 and Turkey’s security policy after a failed coup d’état attempt on July 2016. This paper provides a new wave of political repression against Kurds and discusses the Kurdish issue as one of the interests of the main regional powers including Turkey, Iran, Syria and Russian Federation. Finally the article indicates Turkey’s military engagement role in Syrian Civil War and implicates this engagement on the situation of Kurds in Republic of Turkey and in the region. As a result of the analysis, author pointed out possibility to reinforce of Kurdish nationalism and support of the Kurds for PKK. The effect of the new anti-PKK strategy will probably be increased political polarisation. It is also probable that the PKK will intensify its actions. At the same time, the strategy may lead to the consolidation of the AKP’s and Erdoğan’s electorate, resulting in strengthening the government’s position. In the regional dimension, the strategy requires an increase in Turkish actions on Iraqi and Syrian soil. Taking into account the relationship between PKK and PYD, Turkish military intervention in Syria and involvement in Iraq could lead to greater consolidation of Kurds in all three states. As an example for international relations, Turkey’s tense relations with Iran, which is interested in preserving its influence over Iraq, and the central government in Bagdad may be further strained.
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Article characterizes relations between most powerful military pact – Northern Atlantic Pact and neutral state – Sweden. In this article is analyzing cooperation on military ground, non-military ground and it is also analyzing aspects of cooperation involving neutral status of Sweden, Crimea annexation and growing danger from Russia. Studies connected to main theme of article were based on official documents od NATO, press notes or official releases. Main reason of article is to answer on question if neutral state can cooperate with NATO and can we say that between NATO and Sweden exists partnership relation. Except of above issues, in this article I will try to define neutrality, neutral policy and partnership. After made analysis of available documents, emphatically we can agree that partnership between NATO and Sweden exists.
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The article is presenting axiological conditions of the activity of paramilitary organizations and military classes in context of recruitment. In context of the article author presents background narration that appear while creating and managing educational and training organizations. Author pointed differences between causes of joining to the military classes and paramilitary organizations. Features and formula of recruitment can be useful for directors of military schools, commanders or paramilitary organizations and people that are connected with security educations as well.
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The model of contemporary urban centers is shaped as a result of the influence of a growing number of pejorative urban processes as well as newly emerging global trends on the spatial and social structure of the agglomeration. As a result, urban spaces are transformed into defragmented structures, characterized by much lower readability than their modernist counterparts, which is an important dilemma associated with reality and the environment in which the future man would function. This article is therefore an attempt to diagnose the condition of Polish urban spaces and to indicate the ongoing transformations that require the most urgent actions to stop unfavorable conversions. The essence is also the approximation of the process of urban renewal, as well as the awareness of the prognostic conditions of Polish urban cities in the future.
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The aim of the study is to present the wealth of public statistics resources, illustrated by the basic statistical data on mass events. The paper analyzes the statistical results obtained from the research „Mass entertainment and sports events in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship compared to other Polish voivodeships and the whole country. The results show that mass events, especially in the form of sporting events, are the strength of the region and can be a showcase for the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region in Poland.
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The opening article is an introduction to the thirty-fourth (1/2020) issue of the World and Word semi-annual journal which is mainly devoted to various aspects of different concepts of the future. The authors summarize the articles from the first part of the volume and briefly introduce the subject, arguing that contemporary times, which are marked by chaos, unpredictability, uncertainty and various threats (such as COVID-19 pandemic), require alternative ways of thinking about what the future is, what it can and what it should be.
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All that was ‘normal’ has now evaporated; we have entered postnormal times, the in-between period where old orthodoxies are dying, new ones have not yet emerged, and nothing really makes sense. To have any notion of a viable future, we must grasp the significance of this period of transition which is characterised by three c’s: complexity, chaos and contradictions. These forces propel and sustain postnormal times leading to uncertainty and different types of ignorance that make decision-making problematic and increase risks to individuals, society and the planet. Postnormal times demands, this paper argues, that we abandon the ideas of ‘control and management’, and rethink the cherished notions of progress, modernisation and efficiency. The way forward must be based on virtues of humility, modesty and accountability, the indispensible requirement of living with uncertainty, complexity and ignorance. We will have to imagine ourselves out of postnormal times and into a new age of normalcy – with an ethical compass and a broad spectrum of imaginations from the rich diversity of human cultures.
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This study investigates changes in the popularity of Brutalist buildings from the 1940’s to present. Our methodological framework is derived from three sources: (1) Reinhardt Koselleck’s work on historical consciousness in the field of conceptual history; (2) Martin Heidegger’s phenomenological approach to temporality, mood, and perception, and: (3) Ernst Becker’s work on the denial of death and the quest for immortality. Our thesis is that changing perceptions of Brutalist architecture, in many cases radically different evaluations of the same buildings, are the effects of historically specific cultural, political, and social structures. In phenomenological terms, these structures form fairly discrete systems of relevance. That which is held to be profoundly interesting, or exciting, or progressive in one system of relevance can appear dull, menacing, or foolish in another. The systems that we identity, describe, and explain, are: (1) Collective mobilization in the service of progress (1941–1978); (2) In the shadow of the tyranny of the state 1978–2001; and (3) seeking certainty and security in the ambiguity of global risk: 2001 to 2019. We show how each system has produced a distinct perspective on brutalist architecture which influences the popularity of the style, or lack thereof.
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