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W dniach 18 – 20 maja 2009 r. w Ośrodku Konferencyjnym Instytutu Matematycznego Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Będlewie koło Poznania, odbyła się konferencja naukowa „Antropologia polityki i polityka w antropologii”. Konferencja zorganizowana została przez Komitet Nauk Etnologicznych i Pracownię Etnologii Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii PAN oraz Instytut Etnologii i Antropologii Kulturowej Uniwersytetu Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Konferencja zgromadziła głównie etnologów, jak również politologów, przy czym przedstawiciele nauk politycznych stanowili wyraźnie mniejszą grupę uczestników.
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The first international organizations of political movements were founded in the nineteenth century, and, therefore, can be included in the classic conceptual categories of political science (party systems). However, at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries there were social changes related to the omnipresence of the Internet so it was necessary to ask whether organizations characteristic for the industrial era are present in the reality of the Internet era. Organizations included in the third stage of the internationalization process of political parties/ movements were accepted as the starting point of the analysis. The author concludes that contemporary organizations of international political movements (fourth stage) are networked, and have multimodal as well as multifaceted character, and differ from international ones established in the 20th century.
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The study presents selected issues related to the role of the national parliament in the implementation and execution of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). It presents the specificity of the national law-making process as a system of ad hoc legislation, which to a small extent is a response to international obligations in the field of human rights. The study also attempts to examine the impact of the case law of the ECHR on the national legal system by analyzing the subsequent stages of the legislative process. It emphasizes the role of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, whose task is to ensure that states do not overlook — by their actions or omissions — the effects of judgments. The study attempts to assess the degree of sensitisation and the increase of awareness regarding the significance of the standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Convention) in the national institutions and executive and legislative authorities that actively cooperate with each other. The implementation of the guidelines of correct legislation in the context of human rights is an activity of entities involved in the law-making process which, taking into account the standards of national and international law, shape in a specific manner the situation of individuals as well as of all entities. Parliaments can hold the executive authorities accountable for the execution of obligations by means of various instruments, and thus many legal issues that were the subject of the judgments of the ECHR had significant impact on the legislative process and the undertaking of respective legislative actions towards bringing Polish legislation closer to the standards of the Convention. The Sejm (the Polish Lower House) and the Senate bear enormous responsibility for the quality of the adopted law; at the parliamentary stage the role of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland becomes less leading, but not excluded. This is what determines the unique role of the dialogue between the executive and legislative authorities, which should finalize the vision of the legal regulations closer to human rights in a constructive manner.
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The conditions related to the relationship between the political system and the shape of criminal law solutions in the period of a fundamental change of the political system in the model system — in accordance with the concept proposed by the author — are as follows: change of the political system, introduction into the political system of legal acts which validate it in the basic scope, adoption of a provisional constitution, adoption of a basic law (formally changing the state system), adoption of code solutions in the area of substantive criminal law. However, there are certain deviations from this “model”, depending on the direction of system changes. This process is different, for example, in a totalitarian system, and different in a democratic one. Therefore the role of criminal law in this process is different, and the intensity and scope of changes that are made by the provisions of this law are also varied. The answer to the question about the role of criminal law in individual political systems was the main research problem raised by the author.
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The aim of the opinion is to assess the impact of the Government’s draft bill on interest rate subsidies for bank loans granted to provide financial liquidity to entrepreneurs affected by COVID-19 and amending certain other acts. The changes to the law made in this respect meet social expectations.
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The commented judgment concerns the assessment of the compliance with the Polish Constitution of the provisions regulating the effects of removal of the entities entered in the former commercial registers which have not been entered to the new National Court Register. The property of these entities was taken over for the benefit of the State Treasury, and the rights of partners, cooperative members and other persons to a share in the liquidation of assets expired upon the removal of the entity from the register. The Tribunal did not question the mechanism of the arrangement of the ownership relations of the entities removed from the register. Nevertheless, the Tribunal considered that the legislator’s solution to this problem was not entirely correct, as it did not pass the proportionality test in respect of claims against this property of former company partners or cooperative members.The author agrees in principle with the Tribunal’s position, but in his commentary he raises polemical remarks about certain arguments cited in the justification of the judgment. In addition, the author points out that it is worth supplementing the Tribunal’s argumentation with certain threads that were omitted by the Tribunal for formal and legal reasons.
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This article shows how Schmitt’s work is animated by a fundamental conflict between two concepts of conflict: the one is Schmitt’s own, war, polemos, and the other one is discussion, dialogue, conversation or polemics, which may be said, accordingly, to be Schmitt’s foe. Schmitt’s project is thus described as a conflict between war and discussion: polemos vs polemics, an inner war within the notion of war. The article contemplates this basic configuration and points at some of its major significations for Schmitt’s political theology and theory of state and international law.
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Borders and links are common to any system and the interaction occurring through them is essential to the existence of those systems (Chadwick, 1970). Territorial systems like countries, regions, towns and communities depend strongly on the structuring and channelling performances of their links borders. As argued by (Anderson et al., 2003) there are cisergic - both negative and positive - consequences of borders and links. In the location of activities, in the allocation of public facilities and related fiscal issues, in the flows of goods, services, people and capital and in the creation and enrichment of trust; all of them fundamental for economic development, especially in the case of borders associated with the peripheral territories.
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This paper contributes to the literature that explores the effects of European integration, providing new evidence about its impact on population distribution in the EU28 regions (NUTS 3 level) during the period 2000-2018. The main objectives are to explore the effects of the recent three EU enlargements on the growth in population share within the border regions and to compare the behaviour between core and peripheral regions. We use an empirical difference-in-difference approach. The findings show that border regions experienced positive effects on growth in population share since EU integration, but it did not completely reverse their relative population decline. At the same time, the process of European integration seems to have aggravated the demographic decline of EU peripheral regions compared to the EU core regions. Moreover, for the regions that are both border and peripheral, the EU integration effect has been stronger than in border only regions.
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Cross-border projects are aimed at reinforcing relations between partners and achieving mutual objectives important for cooperating organisations and for the development of the borderland in which they are implemented. The quality and sustainability of these projects' results depends, among others, on the manner of skilful management thereof. Many processes in the projects are based on knowledge. Mutual planning and implementation of a cross-border project includes joint resolution of the problem underlying the project and, at the same time, providing a joint learning opportunity for partners. Therefore, knowledge can be treated as an important factor influencing the cross-border project management process. The paper is aimed at assessing the impact of the process of joint learning in cross-border projects on the effectiveness of managing them. The research problem was solved due to the quantitative and qualitative research in the Polish-Czech-Slovak borderlands (2018-2019). Research conclusions proved that sharing knowledge and experiences has a significant impact on the effectiveness of cross-border project management.
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The paper delivers a comparative overview of the research on capturing the impacts of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) programme by connecting the literature on urban regeneration with the literature on sustainable development. We observe a shift from assessing mainly the economic impacts towards the challenging task of capturing the social and cultural impacts in the context of the increasing preoccupation for assuring a long-term legacy of the programme. The paper also provides a comparative examination of the research methodology (impacts and indicators) for the self-evaluation proposed by three future ECoCs placed in cross-border regions: Timisoara 2021, Novi Sad 2021 and Esch-sur-Alzette 2022. Comparing data, we observed that different ECoCs have similar discursive understandings of the social and cultural impacts of the title. Still, they use different fine-tunes indicators for measuring these impacts or the cross-border cooperation, which is a neglected aspect of the ECoC evaluation.
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This work is devoted to studying the quality of governance in the Eastern Partnership countries - a project of the European Union, which includes Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. We aim to understand how external and domestic conditions influence the quality of governance in this area by applying the QCA method and regression analysis. We reveal a significant influence of the EU even though many authors doubt the EU’s ability to influence countries beyond its borders that are not offered the membership. We also show that, in this case, the influence of Russia as another external actor does not contradict the influence of the EU on governance but can overlap in other sectors, an aspect which should be investigated in further research. The level of GDP, the democratic regime, the polarization of elites, ethnic fractionation and reserves of resources are significant domestic conditions for the quality of governance.
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Cross-border cooperation (CBC), as part of the European Union regional development policy aiming to increase territorial cohesion, is implemented based on operational programmes and projects prepared jointly in participatory and strategic manner. In particular, IPA Assistance is provided on the basis of the European Partnerships of the potential candidates and the Accession Partnerships of the candidate countries, which means South East European countries (Western Balkans) and Turkey. This paper analyses CBC Kosovo projects implemented so far, its effects in re-establishing social and economic links between inhabitants of the border regions involving Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia. Key questions addressed in this paper are: is CBC helping Kosovo's economic growth, sustainable development, and regional cooperation? To what extent can CBC be seen as a good opportunity for capacity building in countries aspiring to join the EU? What could be changed or improved in future CBC projects in Kosovo?
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Cross Border Cooperation (CBC) is one of the European Union’s key tools when it comes to territorial cooperation and engagement with its neighbours, this becoming even more relevant in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, which revealed the critical importance of international cooperation and solidarity. The 2007/2008 crisis triggered the deepest recession since the Great Depression in 1930s; however it appeared equally as a unique opportunity for the international, regional and local actors to promote sustainable solutions to tackle the crisis and to build long-term resilience.
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More than a conference proceedings which gathers Romanian and American scholars’ papers presented at the 2018 RAAS – Fulbright biennial conference, the volume Ideology, Identity, and the US: Crossroads, Freeways, Collisions is conceived as a forum on major challenges of American culture by the two well-versed editors—Eduard Vlad and Adina Ciugureanu. While many of the texts engage with literary works that document the challenges posed by a diverse society (12 novel, a play, a travelogue, 2 non-fiction testimonial accounts, and 2 films), there are two dealing with the fundamental concepts for American politics and history such as individualism, exceptionalism, and “white localism”, and other two focusing on how Romanian-American identity is forged and presented in the US.
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