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The technological boom recorded at the end of the second millennium and the beginning of the third one has led to major, unprecedented, mutations in the way people communicate, interrelate and interact on every level of their personal, social and professional lives. Technological inventions and gadgets have subtly, unnoticeably, but indispensably infiltrated into everyday reality. The article aims at analyzing the extent to which applications, software and websites specifically designed to create and disseminate social media content - in audio, video, text and other formats - between members of social groups can pose challenges or opportunities for the specific processes of the intelligence cycle.
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The hereby article aims at reviewing the following elements: actions of the Russian Federation which have shaped the current security context in Europe, since 2014 up to present day – the WHAT; the main reason for its actions on NATO’s Eastern Flank – the WHY; and how the North-Atlantic Alliance chose to respond to Russia’s aggressive actions against Ukraine, in 2014 – the HOW, asking the legitimate question if the deterrence and defence measures taken so far are enough to provide collective security for all Allies on the Eastern Flank. With Russia’s switch from a NATO partner to a state with an aggressive position on the Allied Eastern Flank, with the aim of regaining the power it once held, as well as its actions against Georgia, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, this paper will conclude on the necessity for NATO to have a clear strategy on Russia’s assertive actions on the Eastern Flank.
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Since ancient times, people eager for expansion and rapid adaptation have developed strategies and capabilities of conquest, colonizing different areas on earth. For this, it was necessary for the respective people to develop, first and foremost, expeditionary and autonomous capabilities, with the possibility to travel over very long distances, for long periods of time. The same thing happens nowadays. There are states, that have highly developed capabilities, while employing strategies to obtain operational access in a certain area or theatre of operations, in a short time and with minimal losses. Augmenting these capabilities is extremely expensive, so that, some states, that cannot afford it or do not intend to do so, have begun to develop strategies that prevent a potential opponent from obtaining operational access into their own territory. One of these strategies, developed especially by China and Russia, is called by NATO anti-access/area denial or A2/AD.
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In the Romania’s Defence White Paper for the 2015-2019 timeframe, it is emphasized that, for the defence of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of our country, one of the most important tasks under the responsibility of the Romanian Army is granting Host Nation Support, to back up the military actions that are taking place on national territory by the armed forces belonging to allied states and NATO partners. Throughout this article, we have dealt with the main specific elements intended for granting Host Nation Support on the national territory, namely: the goods and services that can be offered to the military within the foreign allied forces participating in military actions, the declared Romanian facilities, the data contained in the Romanian HNS Capabilities Catalogue and in the Romanian HNS Data Base and we have determined the directions of action to be followed, in order to modernize the process of granting Host Nation Support by Romania.
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This paper analyses the actions taken by stakeholders following the United States’ alleged intention for a full troop drawdown from Afghanistan, which drew regional and international attention, thus facilitating a negotiating framework for attaining an Afghan peace agreement. Taliban Movement is the main player in brokering a political resolution to end the Afghan war, but, at domestic level, the negotiating forum needs to embody Afghan government officials and civil society minority representatives. A comprehensive and lasting Afghan peace pact demands the implication of external stakeholders which have contributed to the peace talks by orchestrating consultative summits or persuading specific actors to step into peace debates. The paper will endeavour to outline the geopolitical interests held by these players within Afghanistan and the Central Asian region, all of them struggling to entirely preserve and expand them to their advantage. Thus, it is difficult to reach a robust Afghan peace deal that satisfies all sides.
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Regional security issues generate more and more concerns in the international community. The increasing interdependence on the international arena makes it impossible to ignore security issues its actors are confronting with. One of the regions that deserves a thorough insight is Southeast Asia, especially Myanmar, due to the events that have taken place here lately. We will primarily focus on interethnic conflicts resulted from religious differences. For the paper’s scientific consistency, we will use the method of the three triangles of Galtung that deals with the dimensions of conflict, violence and peace. Avoiding, at first, to emphasize the security issue, Galtung proposes a different approach than his contemporaries, arguing in favour of improving relations between the parties. This new method is based on the development of links between the actors involved, focusing on conflict resolution. The paper will encompass three perspectives of analysis, respectively: the first focuses on contradictions, attitudes and behaviours, during the conflict, the second deals with the three dimensions of violence – direct, structural and cultural – and the third triangle examines the possibilities for solving the conflict through peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding.
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The paper provides an analysis of the balance of military expenditures in 2019, mainly allocated for the replacement of outdated military equipment with state-of-the-art equipment, with an emphasis on NATO, USA, China, and Russia.
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The paper analyzes NATO events and actions in the last quarter of 2019, emphasizing on those that questioned its cohesion, as the Leaders Meeting in London (3-4 of December, 2019), also pointing out topics related to the Alliance's development directions reaffirmed by the London Declaration. As NATO cannot be analysed by referring exclusively to the organization itself, but in correlation with its member states, at the same time, the paper addresses issues that dominated the international agenda during the second half of 2019: US withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), Turkey’s actions worldwide, allocation of 2% from GDP for defence spending, but also the statements of the French President regarding the Alliance’s present and future evolution.
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This paper analyzes events that happened in the EU in the second half of 2019, that show Europe’s vulnerabilities. Among them, the manner in which Brexit would become a reality, the repercussions of UK’s withdrawal from the Union, the possibility other states could follow the same course of action are just some examples of the topics the paper approaches.
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The permanent state of tension in the Middle East countries results in a massive population displacement, with international implications. The approach to this problem generated by the refugee waves is highly sensitive and it requires a thorough analysis of its causes and consequences. From an European perspective, if we consider the new waves of refugees heading towards Europe, the situation is starting to be quite alarming. In the absence of a common policy and in the context where a huge wave of refugees is heading towards the Union Border, the European Community’ security is suffering. In this regard, identifying viable solutions and devising an action plan are an absolute necessity in order to avoid a regional crisis.
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