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PERSONALITATEA JURIDICĂ A UNIUNII EUROPENE

Author(s): Gabriel Micu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The European Union, as it was presented before Lisbon, represents much more than what constitutes a subject of classic domestic and international law, being an association of states, which was endowed with powers with legal effects in the domestic law of the states. The competences with which the European Union was invested by the member states, in order to encompass an increasingly wider sphere of European integration, have the implementation of the EU acquis. and have the effect of including certain legal instruments of the E.U. in national legislation, thus becoming a subject of domestic law. The analysis presented in this article aims to clarify certain aspects related to the legal personality of the European Union, viewed as an international organization with a sui generis internal organization.

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ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ НА СИСТЕМАТА ЗА ЗАЩИТА ПРИ НАВОДНЕНИЯ

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov,Galina Baicheva,Ivan Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Flood risk management is a dynamically evolving field that covers all aspects of flood protection. A circumstantial reading of foreign and Bulgarian specialized literature can establish a complete similarity in the understandings of flood risk management.

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КУЛТУРА ПО БЕЗОПАСНОСТ В АВИАЦИЯТА

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The management of civil aviation safety is one of the main responsibilities of the state. It develops, implements, implements and constantly improves strategies and processes in order to ensure control over all aviation activities, complying with all international and national standards for ensuring safe, scheduled, efficient and economical air transport.

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ОПРЕДЕЛЯНЕ СТЕПЕНТА НА РИСКА ОТ ГОРСКИ ПОЖАРИ НА ТЕРИТОРИЯТА НА СТРАНАТА

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov,Ivan Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Forest fires have a negative impact on the economic, social and environmental condition of individual countries and entire geographical areas. To solve these problems, significant human, financial, material and scientific resources are allocated, the existing concepts and methodological approaches in determining the risk of forest fires are analyzed.

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Drepturile fundamentale, statul de drept și democrația, priorități ale Uniunii Europene

Author(s): Loredana Nicolae / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This study aims to identify the tools of the European Union in developing a culture of the rule of law and to show the prerogatives that the citizens of the Union have based on the adopted European treaties. At the same time, the project aims to highlight the trends of European states in supporting the indivisible and universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity, which are based on the principles of democracy and the rule of law.

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FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE QUALITY

Author(s): Elena Cigu Rusu,Mihaela Onofrei,Anca Florentina Vatamanu (Gavriluță) / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Officially, European states has been implementing local autonomy and fiscal decentralization policies since 1985, based on European Charter of Local Autonomy. Thus, the local public authorities were asked to assume the status of autonomous authorities, which implies the assumption of the democratic principles, among which we invoke the principles of local autonomy, decentralization and subsidiarity. Local public authorities are considered by central authorities as important partners in the management of competences and in the development of public policies. In this context, the paper aim is to show that local governments under fiscal decentralization operate in an increasingly open and receptive manner by developing increasingly robust governance mechanisms that facilitate the development and improvement of living standards.

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INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN GOOD GOVERNANCE INDICATORS AND WELLBEING IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT

Author(s): Lenuta Cojocariu,Florin Oprea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Life satisfaction may be influenced or depends by a lot of factors, alike education level, health, income level, interpersonal relationships, personal and professional success, religion, and the list may continue. It is imperative to emphasize that beyond internal factors, wellbeing can be observed, measured and improved in a national context, as a result of public governance. Broadly speaking, the state governs the directions of development and welfare by setting legislative framework, enacting policies, by its institutions, offering to the society certain economic, social, political, cultural characteristics, etc., context in which people's lives take place.By this study, we analyse the correlation between good governance indicators and some relevant indicators describing and measuring wellbeing of citizens, with the purpose of emphasizing and prioritizing the role of good governance principles in influencing the wellbeing in societies. Correlation analyses generally cover the period 2000-2020, based on the available data collected from World Bank, Eurostat, Human Development Reports and World Happiness Reports databases. Being useful for public decision makers and other specialist in the field, our results show strong positive and statistically significant interconnections between almost all world governance indicators and GDP per capita, Human Development Index and Happiness Index, validating simple and general principles of governance for conditioning the happiness for dynamic and permanent changing civilizations.

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Dochowanie należytej staranności na gruncie VAT w dobie cyfryzacji

Author(s): Dariusz Strugliński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to present the possibilities of using IT tools and databases by a taxpayer exercising due diligence. The most important circumstances that will be taken into account by tax officials in the assessment of entrepreneurs’ activities in VAT settlements are presented in the document Methodology for assessing due diligence by buyers of goods in domestic transactions, which is why this document is presented in this chapter. Selected IT tools and databases are also discussed useful in verifying contractors and transactions. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the purpose, the documents published by the Ministry of Finance was used. In addition, information available on the Internet about search engines and databases was used. Information obtained during various meetings and trainings with taxpayers was also used. Findings: Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the taxpayer can verify the contractor and partly the transaction using publicly available databases and IT tools. For a taxpayer who wants to exercise due diligence, it is useful to know the Methodology and know about the available sources of information and how to use them.

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Извънредното положение като средство за управление на кризи

Author(s): Rada Smedovska-Toneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

At first glance the state of emergency is an attractive instrument for dealing with different kind of crisis. It gives to the executive power extraordinary prerogatives in order to manage with and control a concrete extreme situation. It seems like emergency and crisis are used as synonyms; which makes the suspension of a state of emergency a difficult task. In this context; the text examines in a comparative perspective that very state of emergency; its practical implementation and the appearance of new notions related to the sanitary emergency. Is it possible to talk about it as an effective instrument of managing social crisis and public fear and what are the consequences?

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Friendly Hand – Accusing Finger. Metaphors in the Persian Political Discourse

Author(s): Sirma Kostadinova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Subject of this paper are metaphorical linguistic expressions, which reflect the relation between the target domains of NATION and COUNTRY and the source domain of HUMAN BODY in Persian. Media analyses on Iranian policy, speeches, and statements of government officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran are the main source for the research. The corpus of the collected phraseological units is analysed and classified in the light of the Conceptual metaphor theory. Metaphorical linguistic expressions containing the terms 𝑑𝑎𝑠𝑡 “hand”, 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜š𝑡 “finger” and 𝑚𝑜š𝑡 “fist” are in the focus of the paper. It discusses the question if Persian political discourse demonstrates features of cultural conceptualisations, providing comparative analysis with English and Bulgarian. It is a part of a broader research on conceptual metaphors in contemporary Persian.

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Bulgaria and the EU Convergence Reports from 2022

Author(s): Kaloyan Simeonov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The 2022 Convergence Reports from the European Commission and European Central Bank are currently the last official assessments of the preparedness of the EU Member States that are outside the euro area about their readiness to adopt the euro. In these reports only Croatia was assessed as a Member State that is ready to adopt the euro. The paper will analyse the assessment of the EU institutions on the Bulgaria readiness to adopt the euro. The initial reading of the reports may suggest that they are not too positive about Bulgaria as there are several requirements that shall be further met in the short to medium term, including in relation to the price stability and the need to further amend the legal framework. However, these reports contain also many good news for Bulgaria that will be the focus of the current research.

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The Changing Globalization: What Possible Changes for European Companies?

Author(s): Iskra Christova-Balkanska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Globalization has given rise to new forms of production and trade, which have found expression in the fragmentation of production processes within Global Value Chains (GVCs). The European Union is an open economy and the European single market, European GVCs oriented their investments, not only in Southeast Asia and mainly China, but they localize industries in geographically close regions, as Central and East European (CEE) countries. The EU CEE member states were bound by production and trade value chains and they became part of the international trade. Recently, the pandemic crisis related to COVID-19 changed the structure and the organization of GVCs and they followed (albeit more slowly) to strengthen the broken connections and productions. The EU faces new challenges in relation to rising inflation and rising economic and political risk factors. Questions are being asked about the future economic and political power stance in the world and how it would affect European companies and the EU‘s goals towards a digitalized and green economy.

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Asylum Seekers and Economic Burden: Evidence from Refugees’ Realities in Germany

Author(s): Mykhaylo Kunychka,Martina Brezániová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the context of refugee crises, which have become the leading topic of political as well as scientific debates in past decade, the impact of migrants and asylum seekers on the labour market of the receiving country has attracted remarkable attention. Empirical research in this area indicates that migration has an insignificant effect on the change of the average wage, but it negatively affects the low-skilled labour force on the one hand and positively affects the high-skilled labour force on the other. The purpose of this article is to analyse the influx of refugees and asylum seekers to Germany with an emphasis on the genesis of the crisis in 2015-2016. We try to illustrate the integration of refugees in the local labour market. In accordance with the purpose of the paper we suggest two hypotheses reflecting refugees’ economic burden for hosted country and spatial distribution relevance for integration. To reach the purpose, we apply qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews. Our results suggest the limited refugees’ economic burden for German economy and significant effect of geographical allocation on integration process.

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European Union and Welfare Economics – Reasoned Through Some Papers of Sir Angus Deaton

Author(s): Atanas I. Vladikov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this report, a comparison is made between the classical paradigm of welfare economics and its application in the European Union, based on the understanding of the Nobel laureate in Economic Sciences – Sir Angus Deaton. The report discusses the challenges facing the institutional establishment of the EU, positioned on the principles of federalism without the EU being a federal state. In practice, the „fiscal federalism” for building the US welfare economy is currently not possible to be implemented by and through the institutions of EU without changing the two main treaties – the Treaty on EU /TEU/ and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU /TFEU/.

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Competitiveness of Bulgarian Economy – Comparison with Other Member-States of the European Union

Author(s): Sabrina Kalinkova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of a country (economic and social) is one of the key issues in modern society. For this reason, it is an object of increased research interest - with different research goals and objectives, as well as with a different methodology used for this research. One of the categories often used in modern economic life is competitiveness. It is the focus of the present study, which has as its main objective the analysis, assessment and comparison of the competitiveness with which the Bulgarian economy functions in the context of its membership in the European Union.

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Structural Changes and Convergent Processes of Employment in Bulgaria and Romania

Author(s): Silvia Gospodinova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report analyzes the structure and convergent processes of employment in the Bulgarian and Romanian economies for the period 2000-2020, and examines the dynamics of relative shares and rates of change for the respective period. In order to quantitatively measure the degree of convergence/divergence, a divergence index and a difference index were calculated, comparisons with other EU countries with similar characteristics were used, and some possible explanations and consequences of the structural changes that took place were also derived. Overall, the results show a slow process of convergence of the sectoral structure of employment of the Bulgarian and Romanian economies with that of the Eurozone, which continues throughout the period, regardless of some specifics before and after the global recession.

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The European Labour Market in the Technological Era

Author(s): Tsvetina Tsakova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The global climatic changes and the reindustrialization of the European economy in the technological XXI century construct a cause-effect chain which starts and ends with education and science: digitalization and robotization – structural economic reforms -imbalance in the labour market – professional qualification and competence – transfer of science and innovations in the applied economy – lifelong learning. The ambitious aim of the ecologically-oriented European Union is to achieve a carbonneutral economy by the year 2050. In the process of Green and Digital Transformation innovative industrial productions will be opened with the integration of digital and ecological technologies. The segments of the labour market change. The professional realization in the education, science and information and communication technologies increases, and the one in the industrial and agricultural decreases. The deficit of engineering human capital (educated and competent workforce) reaches record levels on the labour market. The focus of the study is on the education and science in the context of the Green and Digital Transformation of the European Economy. The long term aim of the research is the sustainable professional balance on the labour market. The topic concerning the European labour market is developed on the base of the modern multidisciplinary method of scientific research. The educational policies in the Victorian industrialization of the economy and the analogous present day reindustrialization are compared in the analysis and interpretation of the results of the study.

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The Role of the European Union as a Factor for Security, Stability and Prosperity of the Balkan Countries

Author(s): Todor Kondarev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The report "The role of the European Union as a factor in the security, stability and prosperity of the Balkan countries" presents an in-depth analysis of how the foreign policy priorities and the domestic political situation in the countries of the Western Balkans are changing through the harmonization of local legislation and policies with the aim of rapprochement and achieving of full membership in the European Union. After years of war caused by ethnic conflicts in the 1990s in Yugoslavia, to date the countries of the region have focused on covering pan-European norms and values, namely political stability, civil security and economic growth, so that one day to be able to join the big European family and take advantage of all the advantages that membership in the European Union would provide them - more security, more financial resources, more opportunities for development, etc.

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Културата в плана за възстановяване и устойчивост – възможност за сближаване на културната политика на България с държавите от Европейския съюз

Author(s): Diana Andreeva-Popyordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report will present the place and role of culture in the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, as well as the need for reforms to fulfill the goals and tasks set in the plan. In the study, an analysis of the main instrument of policy implementation and the distribution of financial resources - the National Fund “Culture” was made. Legislative and institutional changes have been proposed for the effective and efficient use of over BGN 80 million mainly for the private and non-governmental sector in culture, which has remained marginalized and underfunded for more than 30 years. A scenario will be presented regarding the creation of an ecosystem for the sustainable development of the cultural and creative industries.

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Въздействието на пандемията върху вътрешносъюзната търговия на ЕС с биологични продукти

Author(s): Kamelia Dragomirova Hadjiilieva-Biedermann / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The intensive development of intra-Union trade in organic products has been going on for second decade. It is affected by covid-19 in two directions. On the one hand, the pandemic favors the demand for healthy foods, and hence for organic foods, but on the other hand, difficulties arise in the supply of organic foods due to obstacles to intra-Union trade. The purpose of the study is to show how much these two effects of the pandemic impact dynamics of demand and supply both at the EU level and in individual member states, and in particular in Bulgaria. A forecast was also made for the prospects for the development of the sector in the light of the EU’s efforts to stimulate organic agriculture.

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