Comunităţile romano-catolice, protestante şi lipoveneşti din Basarabia în secolul al XIX-lea (Les communautés romano-catholiques, protestantes et de Lipovènes de Bessarabie au XIXe siècle)

Author(s): Liana Lăpădatu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2015

review of: ------------------ Gumenâi, Ion (2013). Comunităţile romano-catolice, protestante şi lipoveneşti din Basarabia în secolul al XIX-lea (Les communautés romano-catholiques, protestantes et de Lipovènes de Bessarabie au XIXe siècle). Chişinău: Institutul de Studii Enciclopedice, 283 pages

О неким особеностима црногорског друштва 1914. године

Author(s): Živko M. Andrijašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2014

The paper presents the social, cultural and political structure of Montenegrin society before the beginning of the First World War. It questions both territorial and population changes and their consequences on creation of a “new” Montenegro. Regarding the uniqueness of political life of Montenegrin society and its character and structure after the Balkan wars, it proves that Montenegro entered the First World War as a state made up of disintegrated and in many ways confronted parts. Two types of society, colloquially referred to as “the old” and “the new” Montenegro since 1913, and two political groups, which were only formally based on different programs for the state and the government, outlined the borders of divided Montenegro in 1914.

Београдска управа и развој простора леве обале Саве 1934–1941

Author(s): Goran Antonić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2015

Until the First World War left bank of the river Sava was the border of the territory which is due to its location, water flooded land and wetlands remain undeveloped. With the formation of the Kingdom of SCS at the end of 1918, that terrain became suitable for the development of Belgrade, due to its relatively short distance from the city center and because of the opportunity to integrate the neighboring Zemun into the capital. The first ideas about the spread of Belgrade across the Sava River were formed during the preparation of the General Urban Planning of Belgrade in 1923. However, only with the development of the bridge of King Alexander and his inclusion of this area into the Belgrade in 1934 was created more favorable conditions for implementation of urban planning. By the beginning of World War II in 1941, the Belgrade administration developed a regulatory plan for left bank of the Sava and began with restoration work in this field, in order to undertake planned construction. Also, it was built Belgrade Fair, started the construction of the racecourse, and from the mid-thirties public transport began to traffic. At the same time, it was formed unplanned settlement “New Belgrade”, with which the first populations of the Belgrade began to settle over the Sava River. With that it had begun the process of urban development in this area and setting the foundations of New Belgrade, which was built in this area after World War II, at the time of socialist Yugoslavia.

Orașul Buzău și lumea rurală (1880-1940)

Author(s): Viorel Gheorghe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2015

The relationship between the city of Buzău and the rural world was a profound, complex but also controversial one. The city’s economic development has led to an extensive migration of peasants, originating inside and outside the county. Consequently, in terms of area, the city grew up with new districts. The railroad was another engine of the city’s development. At the beginning of the 20th century, the government allowed the construction of private railways. One of the projects of the time was the construction of a railway which was supposed to connect Valea Buzăului (Buzău Valley) with the city of Ploiești. The county councilors refused to approve that project, because they were afraid that the wealth of the Buzău Valley would have been directed towards other cities instead of going to the county’s capital. It was a selfish decision, which did not follow the interests of the residence in the area. Year after year, the so called Dragaica fair attracted merchandisers from all over the country, being an eagerly awaited event. But, besides merchandisers, the city was stormed by the practitioners of the oldest job in the world. Most of them had their origins in the rural world. The poverty, the lack of perspectives and education were the main causes of that scourge. The sanitary authorities of the city had to react against that phenomenon, which could have developed into a dangerous one for the city of Buzău. In a different situation, in the years of the Ist World War, more exactly during the German occupation, the sanitary authorities of the city have helped the rural communities, badly affected by hunger and typhus. After the Great War ended, the city continued its economic development and also its territorial expansion. In 1927, Simileasca village became a suburban village, a proof that the city became attractive to the rural community. Around the beginning of the IInd World War, Buzău had already become the location of important industrial objectives, which capitalized the grain and mineral resources of the county

Evoluţia spaţiilor publice verzi urbane în oraşul Timişoara

Author(s): Iasmina Nicolau / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2015

The uprising degree of urbanization in the last decades, with its increasing number of tall buildings and high densities, makes green areas within the perimeter of cities very important in our days. The paper brings to attention a new problem that has emerged recently, that of a constant tendency for the mineralization of urban public spaces in the city of Timişoara. This proccess is unfortunate for a town which has been considered for many decades the city of parks and roses and still fights for this title. According to local administrative reports, a lot of work regarding the maintenance and evidence of existing green spaces has been continuously done. Even so, a high number of mature trees has been cut and new urban design interventions consist of large mineral areas. The result is unused public space (sometimes just covered with concrete), without the ability to gather people, to create urban life and to draw up activities. New trees are being planted, unfortunately not so much for their ecological importance but mainly for satisfying criteria such as: ease of maintenance, questionable aesthetics and recently the idea of being moved from one public space to another. Such possibility may be of interest in particular cases, but it cannot work as a proper plantation of trees that reduces air/noise pollution, creates a better local micro climate or shades large urban areas. The paper is based on the study of several old maps and images of Timişoara and their correlation with the present situation in order to determinate the evolution of green public spaces within the city and to show where it may be possible to create such places even in the context of a dense urban tissue.

O rememorare a originilor rurale ale orașului Câmpulung Muscel: monumentul dedicat lui Negru Vodă

Author(s): Carmen Oprescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2015

One of the hypotheses regarding the origins of Câmpulung Muscel is that the town was, at the beginning, one of the Romanian Villages pertaining to the Muscel area. An old Romanian organizational form ensured certain rights over the estate located within a town. These rights were ensured to the successors of those who had received the land from the legendary ruler of the medieval state of Țara Romaneasca. The ruler’s name, known from the 17th – 18th centuries’ chronicles was Negru Vodă or Radu Negru Basarab. The same name was also found in the 19th century Romanian historiography. In 1893, the successors of the families having inherited admi¬nistrative rights over the Câmpulung estate decided to build a monument to honor the memory of Radu Negru Basarab, which was inaugurated in 1898. The monument was designed by the architects Otto Ulbricht and Al. Săvulescu and sculptured by Dimitrie D. Mirea. The documents which are analyzed describe the way the monument’s preservation was handled by the successors of the initial Câmpulung administration.According to these documents, the overall work cost, the stone (socle) and bronze (the bust and four plates fixed on the socle) made in Albesti, was up to 8 800 lei, out of which around 3 000 lei were collected by the inhabitants from donations, balls, tombola and public collection. Information about the town’s topography, about the people involved in the above mentioned activities and the specific Romanian mentalities towards the end of the 19th century were pointed out.

Gabriel Bethlen și orașul Târgu Mureș

Author(s): Zsolt Simon / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2015

The present paper analyzes the relation between Gabriel Bethlen, the prince of Transylvania between 1613 and 1629 and Târgu Mureş (in Hungarian: Marosvásárhely), a Transylvanian town of circa 2500 inhabitants. The main sources of the investigation were the documents of the town’s archive: charters issued by the prince and the tax accounts, most of them being unpublished.The biggest part of these sources refers to the town’s obligations toward the ruler. The settlement paid yearly circa 600–700 florins in taxes. These sums were calculated on the basis of its 31 „gates” („kapu”: a tax unit, theoretically incorporating ten families) and the tax sum fixed for a „gate” by the general assemblies of Transylvania. In other cases, the town had to fulfill obligations of military nature or to make gratuitous works at Bethlen’s construction sites.The relation was not unilateral, as the prince donated sums for the town’s school, confirmed the statutes of some guilds in TârguMureş, and most importantly, in 1616 raised the market town to the rank of a free royal town.

Юбилейно за българската философска медиевистика

Author(s): Atanas Stamatov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2015

The current text has been delivered as a key speech during the celebration of the 30-th anniversary of the Bulgarian school in medieval philosophy, which took place on 1st of December 2014 at Sofia University. The text draws a detailed historical picture of the whole thirty years long period of the school’s existence – since its unsecure spontaneous and not easy start in 1984 at the very heart of the totalitarian regime that gripped Bulgaria at the time, until the present day, when the school is holding a prestigious place within the international field of medieval studies.The texts critically elaborates and finally summarizes the core contributions of the medieval studies of the school to the Bulgarian philosophical culture, like establishing a conceptual coherent fullness of the language of history of philosophy and the humanities as a whole, „immunizing“ against the constant recurring value relativism, and „paving“ the way to Bulgaria’s reintegration to Europe’s field of philosophical thought and research.

Samorządowa polityka przyznawania subwencji wobec potrzeb żydowskich mieszkańców Krakowa (1918-1939)

Author(s): Hanna Kozińska-Witt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

The author analyses the welfare policy of the Kraków commune toward the Jewish inhabitants of the city and the Jewish community. She differentiates between two periods of the interwar years, the Great Depression being the dividing line. In the first, liberal, period the Jewish community was treated as an agency implementing the municipal welfare policy vis-á-vis the Jews. This translated into a continuation of the practices of Galician times, consisting in subsidizing the main Jewish community institutions, such as the hospital, the bathhouse, etc. When the crisis struck, the subsidies were severely cut or withdrawn altogether. During the latter period, the welfare activities of the Jewish communities were curtailed while the Jews did not come under the state welfare policy, which meant that this denomination was denied any welfare aid. The author also outlined the capital expenditures policies of the local government of Kraków’s Kazimierz district, whose population was predominantly Jewish.

Społeczność żydowska w Białymstoku w latach 1944-1950

Author(s): Joanna Sadowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2015

As a result of World War II, Białystok ceased to be a centre of Jewish life as, out of a community of some 50,000 only about 1,000 Jews survived the war. Many of the Jews who returned to Białystok left the town quite soon, having found none of their relatives nor their own homes and encountered an unfriendly attitude of the locals toward them. Most of the assets of the Jewish inhabitants and institutions which were left standing when the war was over were taken over by the state, with just one synagogue remaining open. In the first postwar years, the town saw an influx of Jewish immigrants from the east, who joined for an interim period the local community, living in hard conditions. The Voivodship Jewish Committee provided comprehensive care over its members. It ran a canteen, a care centre for the elderly, day care centre for children, and an infirmary. Its activity also included supporting business undertakings, culture, education, upholding the memory of Holocaust victims. In order to create jobs, several Jewish cooperative were set up, e.g., a bakery, a tailoring shop, a cobbler’s shop and a blacksmith’s. For several years, a small, 4-grade, general school with classed in Jewish language also existed.Białystok Jews’ political activity after the war was low-key, with small Bund, Ichud and Ha-Shomer ha-Tsair units operating in the town, and there was also the Jewish Faction of the Polish Workers Party. Despite the efforts to improve the living conditions of the Jewish community of Białystok, their number were shrinking fast. As a result of emigration to Israel and also migrations to the so-called regained territories, only 300 were still living in Białystok in 1950. For this reason, and also due to the policies of the Stalinist authorities, by the end of the 1940s almost all the Jewish institutions in the town were wound up. All that was left were the not very vibrant religious congregation and a branch of the Socio-Cultural Jewish Society, which were unable to meet the expectations of the community

Nowosądeckie rodowody historyków. Ringelblum – Eisenbach – Mahler

Author(s): Łukasz Połomski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

In the times of Galicia’s autonomy, Nowy Sącz was perceived as a „town of opportunities”. It attracted many educated people but also the poorer Jews. It was the place from which three outstanding historians: Artur Eisenbach, Rafał Mahler and Emanuel Ringelblum hailed. Their paths crossed oftentimes, both in their private lives and their careers. They were close due to their political views, friendship and work for the same organizations. Not even the war or Emanuel Ringelblum’s death could sever these ties. One could get the impression that Mahler and Eisenbach dedicated their postwar work to the memory of their best friend.

Cele i skutki rozdwojenia sejmiku podolskiego w 1786 roku

Author(s): Andrzej Stroynowski / Language(s): Issue: 8/2015

The division of the sejmik of Podolia in 1786 went beyond the context of a mere struggle for the seats in the assembly. The local activists of the court party decided to divide the sejmik thanks to the appropriate support of the nobility and thanks to the fact that they started its session in a church which did not feature a tradition of holding sessions of an assembly. Despite this violation of the law their sejmik was recognised by the majority in the assembly during the expulsions from the assembly, which was a result of the overwhelming superiority of the supporters of the court. Another result of this violation of the law and customs was such antagonisation of those who participated in sessions that debate could not be brought under control and the session adjourned with the rejection of the bills of the reform of military regulations. Such a result of the division of the Podolia sejm was foreseeable. In this situation a question was made about the aims of the court which must have been significant enough that it was worthwhile to run the risk of the failure of the attempts at a military reform for the sake of the realisation of these aims. An intention to demonstrate before Petersburg the inability to bring the sejm under control in the context of the emergence of a strong opposition could have been an undercurrent of this intention. However, a more likely reason for this was the intention to discredit Prince Adam Czartoryski, whose ideological and cultural activities in Puławy began to endanger the king’s monopoly for propagating the ideas of the Enlightenment in the country. Whereas a permanent result of the division of the session in Kamieniec Podolski, which was unexpected by the court, was the elaboration of the bill of the reform of the regional assemblies by the Potocki family, which was realised until the sessions of the Four-Year Sejm.

Tablice epitafijne w kościele pw. Narodzenia Najświętszej Marii Panny w Mysłowicach

Author(s): Agata Bryłka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2015

The article contains an epigraphical analysis of five epitaphs from the Church of the Nativity of Our Lady in The article contains an epigraphical analysis of five epitaphs from the Church of the Nativity of Our Lady in Mysłowice: the epitaph of Katarzyna Salomonowa, of Father Michał Gosławski, of Father Jerzy Antoni Mieroszewski, of the married couple Felicjan and Helena z Łętowskich Mieroszewscy, of Kunegunda ze Zborowskich Mieroszewska and the one dedicated to the memory of Krzysztof Mieroszewski. The earliest epitaphs date back to the years 1742—1744, whereas the most recent ones date back to ca. 1880. All of the epitaphs, regardless of the date they were created, were made of black marble, the so-called Cracow marble. The inscriptions on the epitaphs feature lettering which belongs to the groups of scripts formed on the basis of humanist scripts. A majuscule script is visible in the epigraphs of Katarzyna Salomonowa, Father Michał Gosławski, Krzysztof Mieroszewski and Father Jerzy Antoni Mieroszewski. Whereas the epigraph of Felicjan and Helena z Łętowskich features a minuscule and majuscule script. As far as the three oldest inscriptions i.e. the one of Katarzyna Salomonowa, Priest Michał Gosławski and Priest Jerzy Antoni Mieroszewski, are concerned, they were written in Latin, whereas the two remaining inscriptions were written in Polish. The text features a correct transcription of the inscriptions and a list of abbreviations. The author also presented an interpretation of the extra-inscriptional elements of the epitaphs such as: coats of arms and heraldic elements, portraits of the deceased and ornamental motifs. There is also a presentation of the profiles of the people to which the epitaphs that were analysed were devoted.: the epitaph of Katarzyna Salomonowa, of Father Michał Gosławski, of Father Jerzy Antoni Mieroszewski, of the married couple Felicjan and Helena z Łętowskich Mieroszewscy, of Kunegunda ze Zborowskich Mieroszewska and the one dedicated to the memory of Krzysztof Mieroszewski. The earliest epitaphs date back to the years 1742—1744, whereas the most recent ones date back to ca. 1880. All of the epitaphs, regardless of the date they were created, were made of black marble, the so-called Cracow marble. The inscriptions on the epitaphs feature lettering which belongs to the groups of scripts formed on the basis of humanist scripts. A majuscule script is visible in the epigraphs of Katarzyna Salomonowa, Father Michał Gosławski, Krzysztof Mieroszewski and Father Jerzy Antoni Mieroszewski. Whereas the epigraph of Felicjan and Helena z Łętowskich features a minuscule and majuscule script. As far as the three oldest inscriptions i.e. the one of Katarzyna Salomonowa, Priest Michał Gosławski and Priest Jerzy Antoni Mieroszewski, are concerned, they were written in Latin, whereas the two remaining inscriptions were written in Polish. The text features a correct transcription of the inscriptions and a list of abbreviations. The author also presented an interpretation of the extra-inscriptional elements of the epitaphs such as: coats of arms and heraldic elements, portraits of the deceased and ornamental motifs. There is also a presentation of the profiles of the people to which the epitaphs that were analysed were devoted.

Sistemul sanitar din Comăneşti de la origini până în 1968

Author(s): Edmondo-Ionut Schimbeschi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

This paper presents the sanitary system in the Comanesti town. It is a chronological evolution, beginning with the first sanitary service in 1873 and finishing with the actual hospital, named City Hospital „Ioan Lascăr”. Even Leon Dănăilă began his career as a doctor here, in the hospital from our town, then moved to Bucharest

Biblioteca oraşului Comăneşti

Author(s): Ștefania Cristina Cosma / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2022

The present paper present the history of the building where nowadays it is placed The City Library. The Comăneşti City Library began its activity after 1971, the building dating from the old people’s words since the end of the 19th century. The library building was built by Ștefan Triandafil, who came to Comăneşti as a member of the Royal Army. Triandafil House has preserved its beauty even today. Currently, the City Library still functions in the building, which has a book volume of over 60,000 copies from the old city libraries.

Bandiţii din zona de frontieră a Deltei Dunării

Author(s): Cristi-Daniel Anghelache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 12/2023

After the 1st World War, the Danube Delta was the ideal place for numerous bandit attacks. This fact also due the weak paramilitary organization of the area. The current study aims to bring to light the actions of the bandits in the border area of the Danube Delta from the inter-war period. There were several other writings on this subject, but without bringing evidence from the sources of the time. The novelty of this study consists in bringing this evidence. The directions of this study are based on the activity of the bandits from the border area of the Danube Delta and the nearby area: Cucoş (Gheorghi Stroe), Sidor Beloiu, Anton Beloiu, Gherasim; and also on the efforts made by the authorities to catch them. The victim identification is a key element of our investigation

Dr. Asztalos Miklós

Author(s): Tamás Kozma / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2024

Generalul Iulius Dunca şi reformarea companiilor de grăniceri: Chilia‑Veche şi Sulina – 1891

Author(s): Cristi-Daniel Anghelache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2024

he period 1878–1904 was one of the most fascinating in terms of the evolution of the security and protection system in the Danube Delta area. In the Danube Delta area, 2 companies of border guards were operating in Chilia Veche and Sulina, formed in a mixed system of permanent and exchange troops: the permanent ones came from the infantry of the Dobrogea Active Division and the others from the Danube Fleet. The most important changes and contributions take place during the time of General Iulius Dunca – this being a model of perseverance and compassion. The model of discipline and organization imposed by Iulius Dunca was valid for a long time – until the creation of the Border Guard Corps in 1904. The thematic inspections played a very important role and revealed the many shortcomings of the security system in the Danube Delta area.

Repere comăneştene

Author(s): Toader Oprea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2024

his article shines a spotlight on illustrious personalities hailing from Comăneşti, Bacău, Romania. It delves into their significant achievements, their extensive professional training, and the notable view points they hold. Furthermore, it presents an array of public opinions about these distinguished individuals, offering a comprehensive picture of their impact and legacy

Graiul Odobeştilor

Author(s): Vasile Florea,Matei Elesei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2024

The Voice of the Odobeşti tells the story of the resistance of a Moldavian village from the Middle Ages in the face of the danger of the Ottoman Empire, taking as an example the history, but also the legends of the Odobeşti Village, in a short film made by PhD. Vasile FLOREA, general of the air flotilla and the student at the Faculty of film director, Hiperion University Bucharest, Matei ELESEI. The action of the film describes only one sequence of the rich history of this multi‑secular village, with a documentary attestation of over 600 years.