Prikaz: The Romanian Battlefront in World War I
Prikaz/The review of: Glen E. Torry: The Romanian Battlefront in World War I, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 2011, стр. 422
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Prikaz/The review of: Glen E. Torry: The Romanian Battlefront in World War I, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 2011, стр. 422
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Prikaz/The review of: Раде Ристановић: Акције комунистичких илегалаца у Београду 1941–1942, Филип Вишњић, Београд 2013, 280 стр.
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Саво Скоко родио се 1923. године у селу Југовићима у општини Фојница код Гацка. Jош у јуну 1941. године, ступио у антифашистичку ослободилачку борбу, из које је, након победе над фашизмом у мају 1945, изашао као поручник Југословенске армије. Непосредно по завршетку рата, наставио је школовање прекинуто 1936. године, завршио нижу гимназију у Мостару и Билећи и вишу гимназију, Пешадијску официрску школу у Београду. Потом је завршио Филозофски факултет (групу за историју) у Београду и трећи степен студија 1968. [...]
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Међународна Конференција „Први светски рат и његов утицај на Балкан и Евроазију”, Софија, Република Бугарска, 17–18. септембар 2013. године / International conference “First World War and its influence on the Balkans and Eurasia”, Sofia, Republic of Bulgaria, 17 – 18 September 2013
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Научни скуп „Балкански ратови – сто година послије“, Подгорица, Црна Гора, 22. новембар 2013. године / International conference “The Balkan Wars – 100 years later“, Podgorica, Montenegro, 22 November 2013
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During the XII-XIV centuries, Serbian rulers frequently employed their armies in the conflicts beyond the borders of their state. As a consequence of ambitious foreign policies, vassal obligations or concluded alliances with Byzantium, Hungary or Bulgaria, they fought on the various battlefields from Central Europe to Asia Minor. The most notable examples are battles of Pelagonia (1259) and Kressenbrun (1260), expeditions undertaken against Turks in Thrace and Anatolia (1312, 1313) and military aid sent to Byzantium during the various stages of civil wars fought between Andronicus II and Andronicus III (1327), and between John V Paleologus and John VI Cantacuzenus (1342-43, 1352). Serbian armies also served mighty Tatar leader Nogai (1294-97) and after the battle of Velbazhd (1330), they provided armed support to friendly political faction in Bulgaria. The rulers exercised firm control over their military resources. These primarily consisted of domestic allodial and feudal nobility, but also of foreign oriental and western mercenaries. Although there is a distinction in the sources between these two groups, one may observe the tendency to organize a unified army, irrespective of its members’ origin. During this period, Serbian armies grew up in size; detachment that paricipated in the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259 amounted no more than 1000 lightly equipped riders, while expeditionary corps sent to Byzantium in 1352 consisted of no less than 4.000 cavalrymen. Although in the twelfth century infantry played the most important role in Serbian armament and tactics, during the thirteenth and fourteenth century cavalry gradually became dominant. Sources testify that Serbian armies who fought abroad mainly consisted of cavalry units. Much attention has been cast to horse breeding and several notices from the sources show that domestic nobility was abundant in riding animals. However, according to the eyewitness’ testimonies, their horses were small in stature and their fighting qualities were generally weaker than in the case of their western and byzantine counterparts. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, presence of heavy mounted troops was probably limited only to western mercenary corpses and Serbian cavalry was predominantly light. Its character was determined by the quality of available horses, rather than arms and armor and important changes in this aspect took place only during the era of Ottoman conquests, when oriental horses were introduced in the Balkans in larger numbers.
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У Библиотеци Истраживачког центра за исламску историју, уметности и културу у Истамбулу, под инвентарским бројем 355./0094971/SI, чува се једна штампана брошура, која се односи на Војску Краљевине Србије, објављена октобра/новембра 1915. год. од стране Обавештајног одељења Главног Генералштаба Војске Османлијске државе. Извор носи назив „Кратка брошура у вези са српском војском“ и штампана је на 27 страна, од којих су 16 страна текста, 2 странe табеле, 3 стране ратне формације (тзв. Ordre de bataille), 2 стране са картама и 3 стране са црно-белим фотографијама. Димензије брошуре су скромне: 16x11 (12x8,5) cm, док је последња страна, на којој се налази карта Краљевине Србије, нешто већег формата. [...]
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Prikaz/The review of: Видоје Голубовић, Предраг Павловић, Новица Пешић: Добровољка Милунка Савић, српска хероина, Удружење ратних добровољаца 1912–1918, њихових потомака и поштовалаца, Београд, 2013, 212 стр.
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Међународна Конференција „Словачки национални устанак – Словачка и Европа у 1944. години“, Банска Бистрица, Република Словачка, 22–25. април 2014. године / International Conference “Slovak National Uprising – Slovakia and Europe during 1944”, Banska Bistrica, Slovakia, 22-25 April 2014
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Flourishing Iahmes’ reign (570–526 BC) has always been treated as an integral part of the 26th (Saite) Dynasty (664–526 BC), even though his usurpation marked a clear break within the ruling family. New king maintained the existing administrative and governmental system and, at some point, initiated important changes which must have affected sociopolitical hierarchies all over Egypt. The impact of those changes can be successfully tracked in the prosopographical record of the Memphite area. Memphis was the main military port of the Saite navy and a stronghold of king Haaibre, Iahmes’ predecessor. The so-called Elephantine stelae, a retrospective testimony of the conflict between Haaibre and Ahmes (570–567 BC), indicates the existence of two types of military vessels involved in the conflict: the so-called kebenet-ships under the personal command of Haaibre in 570 BC, and the so-called aha-ships under the command of Babylonian allies of Haaibre in 567 BC. The so-called aha-ships, a designation of the military ships from the very beginning of the Saite epoch, suddenly disappeared from preserved official public records during Ahmes’ reign, only to reappear under the Persian king Darius I (522–486 BC). Thus, the so-called kebenet-ships remained exclusive designation of the military vessels at that time. Indeed, the title „overseer of the royal kebenet-ships“, attested only in the cases of Menekhibnekau and Udjahorresnet, was linked to the highest military posts: the commanding over units composed of foreign mercenaries (Greeks and Carians or Libyans). However, at present, there is no conclusive data for the participation of Egyptian warships in any naval engagement, thus the socalled kebenet-ships seems to be used only for the long distance transportation of the land army. On the other hand, noun „haw” was used only for cargo ships and, according to the complete titulary attested for all known „overseers of the royal haw-ships“, those ships seem to be probably exclusively non-military. In the time of war, they could be used for the transport of provisions and/or military equipment. Otherwise, their primary utilization was closely connected to the institutions of temple, royal palace or treasury and indicates that their overseers must have been specialists in logistic and management to fulfill the common goal: the fleet’s good condition at any times. The reign of Ahmes is by far the best documented period to trail the professional careers and social status of overseers of the royal military and cargo ships. All attested holders definitely belonged to the upper echelons of the Egyptian society, closely tied to the ruling king. However, they primary residence seems to remain Memphis, the main administrative, military and religious centre of Lower Egypt during the Saite epoch. The importance of Memphite necropolis at that time is shown by the fact that all mentioned examples of overseers of the royal military and cargo ships chose to be buried there. Although all of them spent significant part of their lives at Memphis, it is beyond doubt that they could have been active at some other place in Egypt as well, for example at Sais as a capital of the dynasty and other important religious center.
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This paper results from research of archival collections and periodicals on orchestras and prominent musicians of Serbian Army in the Great War. An author extensively considers organization, conception and achievements of the military division orchestras/bands of the Kingdom of Serbia in the Great War. Most prominent orchestra of Serbia Army, Music of the Royal Guard and their conductor, composer Stanislav Binički, successfully toured France in September 1916. Author also examines the dynamic concert activities of the Music of the Cavalry Division conducted by Dragutin F. Pokorni in North Africa. Aforementioned orchestra has established a network of fans from the Allied countries, mostly elite members of the French and British troops etc., and societies of Algeria and Tunisia. The paper also touches upon the work of the remaining seven military bands of the Serbian army and the prisoners’ orchestra called Slovene-Serbian Music settled in Corfu (Greece). An authors’ approach to Serbian military music in WWI was based on observation of three main functions of the military music in the context of the Great War: as a part of cultural diplomacy, promotion of national identity and construction of collective memory. An author raises the important hypothesis that rich activity of orchestras and bands of Serbian Army in WWI facilitate their professionalization in the encounter with other cultures and by performing in front of the different structure of audience and critic.
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Рад се односи на соколарe једног дела Румелије, који су пописани приликом општег пописа припадникa овог повлашћеног слоја становништва, обављеног у другој половини 17. века у ејалетима Румелија, Џезаир и Будим. Порта је овом полувојном реду, за њихову службу, додељивала извесне пореске олакшице, које су се, пре свега, огледале у уживању одређеног поседа и поштеди од плаћања џизје, спенџе и авариза, код хришћана, или ресума на бенак, код муслимана. Извор саопштен у додатку говори о њиховом броју, врстама, именима, повластицама, као и о соколарским средиштима на подручју централног Балкана.
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Prikaz/The review of: Снежана Ферјанчић, Константин (306–337), Библиотека Саборник, Службени гласник, Београд 2013, стр. 229
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Међународна научна конференција „1914–2014: Од трећег балканског до Првог светског рата“, Беч (Аустрија), 06–08. октобра 2014. / International Conference “1914–2014: From Third Balkan War to the First World War”, Vienna (Austria), 6–8 October 2014
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Dragutin Milutinović, who was born in Beloševac, Kragujevac, on 28 September 1865 and died in Belgrade on 5 January 1941, was a cadet of the 17th class of the Serbian Military Academy and the Nikolayevsk Staff Academy in St. Peterburg, Russia. As a cadet, he participated in the war between Serbia and Bulgaria in 1885. He served in infantry assignments culminating as a regimental commanding officer prior to the Balkan wars of 1912-1913. He also served as a section chief in the Operations Department of the General Staff and chief of adivisional district staff, and was a prominent military writer and historian as well as a professor at the Military Academy. He served as chief of the External Section of the General Staff in 1901-1902, and as head of the Reporting Section from 1906 to 1909. During the Balkan wars, he commanded the 2nd line Timok Divison; and during the Great War, he commanded the 1st line Šumadija Division; Albanian troops; the Vardar Division; the Reserve Troop and Non-Commissioned Officers’ schools in Bizerta, Tunisia; the First Volunteer Division in Russia; and Adriatic troops. After the war, he was a delegate at Cetinje, Montenegro; Inspector for the Infantry; Chancellor of the Royal decorations; and member of the Military Council before retiring in 1927. He wrote a series of historiographical and memoir volumes. General Milutinović’s legacy is preserved in the Archives of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts.
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Colonel Dr. Todor Pavlović was a scientist, the first Serbian citizen who defended his Ph.D. dissertation at the Paris Sorbonne University, Paris, and remained in active military service. His Ph.D. dissertation, published in Paris, was included on reading lists of all military educational institutions in France; it was republished in the United States and cited in more than one hundred other studies. Pavlović was the author of the first books on Serbian military discipline and military psychology, a professor and member of the Military Academy Council, contributor to several journals where he presented his arguments in favor of more humane relations, developing of skills for concrete and logical thinking, application of social sciences achievements, etc. He was the first Serbian recipient of the French Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur in recognition of his contributions to social sciences. He also distinguished himself during the Serbian Wars for liberation and unification from 1912 until his death in 1915. During the Balkan wars, he was recognized for his performance in the Kumanovo and Bregalnica battles and during the siege of Adrianople. He was one of its first awardees of the Golden Medal for Valor and Karađorđe Star with Swords (4th class). During the Great War, Pavlović served as a regimental commander in one of the most active and successful divisions. His 5th Regimental successfully reached the mountaintop during the Battle of Cer. In clashes over Mačkov kamen, Pavlović was severely wounded while charging at the head of his regiment. He requested to be appointed as the commander of the 3rd Regiment in the 2nd line Morava Division, even though he had not yet recovered from his wounds, where he distinguished himself during the offensive phase of the Battle of Kolubara battle. For his gallantry in action, he was one of twenty-six senior Serbian officers awarded with Order of the White Eagle (3rd class). Before and during the Kačanik operation in November 1915, he continued to command the 3rd Regiment. During the withdrawal across Albania, while his regiment acted as rearguard, he was killed in an attempt to extract his regiment from an Albanian ambush. For his outstanding and selfless service in 1915, in 1920 on the occasion of the operation’s fifth anniversary, he was posthumously awarded the Karađorđe Star with Swords (3rd class). On this occasion, Pavlović’s name was first on the list in the official proclamation.
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This paper, based on relevant documents and other accounts, chronicles the combat operations in eastern Macedonia between 6 and 10 April 1941, when all organized resistance of the Yugoslav Royal Army ended. The German offensive was initiated on 6 April with simultaneous attacks in three directions: towards Strumica, Bregalnica, and Kriva Reka. All Yugoslav military positions were breached on the first day. The German 2nd Armored Division, operating towards Strumica, reached the village of Suševo (10 km north of Strumica), while the 73rd Infantry Division, attacking towards Bregalnica, paused its advance in Kočani (25 km northeast of Strumica). After heavy fighting with the Yugoslav Morava Division defending in Stracin, the German 9th Armored Division reached the vicinity of Kumanovo (some 20 km). On the second day of the offensive, the German 2nd Armored Division reached Lake Dojran and the next day it entered Greece. After overwhelming the Bregalnica Division, units of the 73rd Infantry Division captured Veles, facilitating the advance on routes towards Veles-Prilep-Bitolj and Veles-Skoplje. The most important event of 7 April occurred towards Kriva Reka, where the 9th Armored Division broke through Yugoslav positions at Mlado Nagoričane and occupied Kumanovo, then Skoplje, thus “reaching the most important strategic decision in the Balkan campaign,” as recorded in the German 12th Army Group Log. After two days, the Bregalnica Division ceased to exist, while the Morava and Ibar Divisions were shattered. The only division remaining combat effective was the Šumadija Division. During the two following days, 8 and 9 April, combat operations were conducted on Serta Mountain, in the area of Krivolak, Kavadar, Gradsko, and Negotin, when the last remaining Yugoslav division in this region, the Šumadija Division, was destroyed. On 10 April some 8,000 Yugoslav soldiers (of the Šumadija Division) were captured, making the total number of Yugoslav prisoners of war on this part of the front around 40,000. After that day, all organized resistance of the Yugoslav Army in east Macedonia ceased.
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Prikaz/The review of: Марко Алексић, Марко Краљевић: човек који је постао легенда, Лагуна, Београд 2015, 320 стр.
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Prikaz/The review of: Hajdu Tibor, Pollmann Ferenc, A régi Magyarország utolsó háborúja 1914–1918, Osiris Kiadó, Budapest 2014, 416 стр.
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An anonymous description of the Battle of Kosovo was added at the end of Monk Albert’s Chronica Mundi, penned in the mid-15th century at the Cistercian monasteries Heisterbach Abbey on the Rhine and Žďár nad Sázavou in Bohemia. Despite the fact that Monk Albert’s work was published in 1994 in the prestigious series of historical sources Monumenta Germaniae Historica, the text about the Battle of Kosovo has seemingly remained unnoticed until now. The description of the Battle of Kosovo in Albert’s Chronicle offers some new and unique details about the battle. Among those that do not appear in any other known source, the following are particularly noteworthy: the claim that the most distinguished figure among the fallen on the Christian side was the Lord of Zeta, Đurađ Stracimirović, who - based on other sources - seems not to have participated in this battle; and the dramatic description of Bayezid’s retreat from the battlefield with the help of the Lord of Lezbos Francesco II Gattilusio, which is also not corroborated in any other contemporary source. However, there are many more motifs and details that do have direct or indirect parallels in other known sources on the Battle of Kosovo. These ties are well-documented and offer firm grounds for an attempt to answer the questions about the approximate date and place of the creation of the text that served as the model for the description of the battle copied at the end of Monk Albert’s Chronicle. Particularly noteworthy is the motif of a great Christian triumph over the Turks characteristic of the earliest reports about the outcome of the battle, or the theme of a collective feat of twelve nobles who managed to reach the sultan by penetrating his defensive belt of tied draught animals. This idea was corroborated as early as the fall of 1389 in a letter from Florence to Bosnian King Tvrtko. Most of these parallels can be identified in sources chronologically close to the Battle of Kosovo and based on the information and notions about this event that circulated in Venetian estates and Italian city-states in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. It would seem that the earliest version of the text about the Battle of Kosovo preserved in Albert’s Chronicle was created in this environment.
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