Empires from the Margin: Bosnian Muslim Migrants between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire – Petitions of the Returnees

Author(s): Bayram Şen / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

In this article, I will briefly describe the 19th century migration movements towards the Ottoman Empire just after the Russo-Ottoman War (known as 93 Harbi) and I will give some figures about the Bosnian migration. Later on, I will deal directly with Bosnian Muslim returnees who migrated to the Ottoman Empire after the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1878 and their petitions for their returns.

The Influence of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877 – 1878 on the Historical Memory of the North Caucasus Peoples

Author(s): Alla S. Kondrasheva,Olga O. Chernyshova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The article takes into consideration two tragic themes connected with the history of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877 – 1878: the revolt of the mountaineers in the North-Eastern Caucasus and the process of muhajir emigration that led to the second powerful wave of migrations of North Caucasus peoples to the territories of Ottoman Empire. The interpretation of the memory of these events in Russian and national historiography is analyzed from the point of view of imperial, Soviet and modern traditions. Dominant elements in the collective memory of the North Caucasus mountaineers reflected in historical folklore and poetry are researched. Social problems of “memory” of these dramatic events are analyzed in unity with the politics of “oblivion” – the desire for overcoming the past.

The Military Clergy in the Russo-Ottoman War 1877 – 1878 – East Orthodoxy and Other Confessions

Author(s): Anastasiya Pashova,Petar Vodenicharov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

In the paper we followed the tradition of priests serving in the Russian Army during the wars in the 19th century. Their statute and functions and the process of establishing a centralized structure of the military clergy directly subjected to the tsar have been analyzed. Special attention has been paid to the participation of the military Orthodox clergy in the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877 – 1878 but the functions of the priests of other denominations – Catholic, Protestant, Muslim and Jewish have also been analyzed. The mechanisms of using religion for military purposes in the past and the restoration of the system of military clergy in today’s Russia were also researched.

National Minorities of Armenia during the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877 – 1878

Author(s): Grigor Aghanyan,Karine Bazeyan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

National minorities of Armenia also actively participated in the Russo- Ottoman War of 1877 – 1878. The article examines the involvement of Kurds-Muslims, Yezidis, Assyrians, Greeks, Lom people (Boshas), and Caucasian Tatars (Turks) of the Russian Army in the military operations at the Caucasus Front. In the article interethnic collisions in different inhabited localities in Armenia are considered as well. To provide some comparative material, the appendix presents an example of an interethnic collision in the Balkans published in the Armenian press of the time.

ПРЕДГОВОР. И РОМИТЕ ИМАТ ПРАВО НА ИСТОРИЯ

Author(s): Petar Asenov Vodenicharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2017

СМЯНАТА НА ИМЕНАТА НА БЪЛГАРИТЕ МЮСЮЛМАНИ – ЕДИН КИНОСЮЖЕТ ОТ 90 ГОДИНИ НА ХХ В.

Author(s): Nikolay Papuchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

The article presents the results from the study of one of the first movie projects concerning changing the names of the Bulgarian Muslims after 1989. Gori, gori, ogunche (Burn, Burn Fire) (1994), scenario – Malina Tomova, director – Rumyana Petkova, shows the picture of the life in Mugla – a small village settled high in the Rodopi Mountain, Bulgaria. In four series, the team created the movie revealing from a number of aspects one of the most painful processes in the Bulgarian history – changing the Turkish or Arabic names of Bulgarian followers of the Islam religion. The narrator’s point of view is presented through the conflict (in the beginning) between the visions of the main character in the scenario – the young female teacher Marina, who comes in the village from one of the biggest Bulgarian cities – on the one hand, and the traditional life and the communist ideology – on the other. In the article, this conflict that transforms the vision of Marina and turns her prejudices into compassion and understanding, is the main entrance into the psychology of the names changing processes and the social mechanisms, used by the people to relieve the pain and trauma. The movie is analysed in the light of the new tendencies in the Bulgarian cinema during the 70-ies – when the scenario was written, and the new political circumstances in the so-called Time of transition – when the movie was created.

To Reveal the Caucasus Cultures of XIX Century: Orientalism in Russian Caucasus War Period Travelogues

Author(s): Dmitry Tkachenko,Tatiana Kolosovskaya / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The paper is concerned with the issue of textual visualisation of Caucasus in Russian travelogues performed in 1820-1830th – the decades of the Caucasus War escalation. Taken as example entries from the travelogues of I.T. Radojitsky and V.B. Bronevsky published in Russian Empire in early XIX c., the authors show deep connections of the outlook on the region and people inhabited it with the foundation of the Orientalism as an approach to describing native people of the Imperial frontier.The research underlines the importance of scrutinised study of travellers experience they endured on voyages by the Caucasus in deep connection with the political course on “pacifying” the region, proclaimed by the Imperial authorities. Racy images of the Cossacks, Russian settlers, native peoples and “unpacified” highlanders were performed in order to legislate the Imperial annexation of lands and their acquisition by Russian civilisation. Together with the motives of showing huge contrast between the pastoral life of Russian peasants and towns dwellers with the backwardness of the natives, matched the common ideas of European colonialism, the authors show public awareness of the “unpacified” highlanders expressed by the travellers in the image of “a Circassian”. We traced features of Russian literature Romanticism in the travellers depicture of a Highlander as a “noble savage” did for a living by robs and plunders. The authors came to the conclusions that images, elaborated by Russian travellers and righters were utter vivid and influenced on the perception of the region by Russian layman until the early XX c.The paper is concerned with the issue of textual visualisation of Caucasus in Russian travelogues performed in 1820-1830-th. – the decades of the Caucasus War escalation. Taken as example entries from the travelogues of I.T. Radojitsky and V.B. Bronevsky published in Russian Empire in early XIX c., the authors show deep connections of the outlook on the region and people inhabited it with the foundation of the Orientalism as an approach to describing native people of the Imperial frontier. The research underlines the importance of scrutinised study of travellers experience they endured on voyages by the Caucasus in deep connection with the political course on “pacifying” the region, proclaimed by the Imperial authorities. Racy images of the Cossacks, Russian settlers, native peoples and “unpacified” highlanders were performed in order to legislate the Imperial annexation of lands and their acquisition by Russian civilisation. Together with the motives of showing huge contrast between the pastoral life of Russian peasants and towns dwellers with the backwardness of the natives, matched the common ideas of European colonialism, the authors show public awareness of the “unpacified” highlanders expressed by the travellers in the image of “a Circassian”. We traced features of Russian literature Romanticism in the travellers depicture of a Highlander as a “noble savage” did for a living by robs and plunders. The authors came to the conclusions that images, elaborated by Russian travellers and righters were utter vivid and influenced on the perception of the region by Russian layman until the early XX c.

Турският печат за нагласите сред турците в България и тоталитарната изселническа политика (1968 – 1969)

Author(s): Zeynep Zafer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The flow of refugees and displaced people from the present territories of Bulgaria to the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic continued more than a century. In the scientific researches the refugee problem usually is considered from the political and historic point of view, the authors basing their studies mainly on official documents, treaties and bilateral agreements, protocols and reports preserved in different archives, in which personal experiences and human stories are lacking. The memories and the impressions of victims and witnesses shared in memoirs and in the press present the most vivid, intimate and realistic human stories. Some of the popular newspapers published testimonies and papers of the eviction from 1969 - 1978 which took place in the frame of a bilateral agreement. Three series of reportages published from the beginning of 1968 to the end of 1969 testified about the realistic attitudes of the Turkish minority, the personal drama of some of its representatives (leaving or staying in the totalitarian state) in the stormiest and full of tension years of negotiation, signing and starting the limited emigration. The aim of this research is to present the public discourse in Turkey about this exodus which have not found proper place in the researches.

A Feminist Analysis: Sexual Violence in the Bosnian War (1992-1995)

Author(s): Özgenur Çaputlu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its ef-fects on Yugoslavian women. Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its effects on Yugoslavian women.

Публикации на доц. д-р Анастасия Пашова

Author(s): Anastasiya Pashova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/2021

Publications of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anastasiya Pashova

From War Wounds to Welfare: Caring for Albania’s Elderly in the Transition to Socialism (1945 ‒ 1948)

Author(s): Inxhi Brisku / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This article explores Albania’s socialist regime’s efforts in addressing post-war societal challenges, particularly housing impoverished elderly individuals in Shkodër’s nursing home. It highlights disparities in the treatment of the elderly compared to children, focusing on their sacrifices and the neglect of their emotional and cultural needs. Healthcare provisions and cultural neglect within institutions like the nursing home are emphasized, underscoring the regime’s differential treatment of age groups. The article reflects on the regime’s privileging of specific categories, the scarcity of medical professionals, and the emotional and cultural void experienced by the elderly, drawing comparisons to practices during the monarchical regime in Albania.

Das war eine überaus wichtige Erfahrung, die zeigte, welche Kräfte entstehen können, wenn Jugendliche, die Objekte der „Jugendfürsorge“ waren, selbst darüber bestimmten, wie sie leben wollten. Manfred Kappeler und Anelia Kassabova im Gespräch

Author(s): Manfred Kappeler,Anelia Kassabova / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2024

The text is an interview by Anelia Kassabova with Manfred Kappeler, who is a prominent German social pedagogue and child and adolescent psychotherapist known for his extensive research and advocacy related to the history of residential care for children and adolescent, and the associated societal challenges. Through his critical examination of residential care and his commitment to the rights of former residents, Manfred Kappeler has made significant contributions to social pedagogy and the societal understanding of institutional care. His work is characterized by a deep sensitivity to the experiences of those affected and a relentless pursuit of justice and reform in the social sector. For his contributions to addressing the history of residential care and advocating for the rights of former residents, Kappeler was awarded in 2015 the Federal Cross of Merit in Germany.

International Scientific Conference on “Transformations of Postwar Europe: Medicine, Bodies and Technologies”, Sofia, May 27-30, 2024

Author(s): Denitsa Nencheva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The review presents the international scientific conference “Transformations of Post-war Europe: Medicine, Bodies and Technologies” which was held in Sofia between 27th and 30th May 2024 as part of the project “Taming the European Leviathan: The Legacy of Post-War Medicine and the Common Good” [H2020 ERC-2019- SyG; GAID: 854503], funded by the European Research Council, under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, and organized by the Medical Anthropology Department at IEFSEM – BAS.

Palinodia de la Nephanda y fiera nación de los turcos y de su engañoso arte y cruel modo de guerrear y su traducción veneciana: del enemigo endemoniado al vecino respetado

Author(s): Françoise RICHER-ROSSI / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 3/2021

This paper analyses the different ways the Turk was represented depending on whether one reads the original version written by Spanish author Vasco Diaz Tanco and published in Orense in 1547 or its translation into Italian carried out by Alfonso de Ulloa ⸺a native Spaniard who adopted the Venetian citizenship⸺ and soberly entitled: Libro dell’origini e successione dell’Imperio de’Turchi (1558). It underlines how Alfonso de Ulloa, as a good cultural mediator between Spain and the Republic of Venice, adapted himself to the Venetian context. He fully realized the interest of his fellow countryman’s work, but he also knew that the relationships between Spain and Turkey were very different from those maintained by Venice with her Ottoman neighbours. He had to meet the demands of other readers. Consequently, while the duty of serving the fatherland was never lost sight of, he took pains not to displease the Venetian authorities which would compromise with the Turks for free trade in the Mediterranean. One should remember that ten years later and after negotiating for ten months, in the wake of the attack on Cyprus by the Turks (July 1570) with her governor Marc Antonio Bragadín being tortured in Famagusta, Venice was to form a league with the Spaniards and Pope Pius V. This article, while it considers the political history of the context in which both texts were produced, analyses Alfonso de Ulloa’s deletions from and additions to the original text. As he translated from a book that forcefully stood up for the Christians and attacked the Turks virulently, Alfonso de Ulloa softened the style, used censorship and compensated by praising the Republic of Venice and insisted on her remarkable role on the international scene.

Комисионни и рушвети – скритите оръжия във външната търговия на Народна република България

Author(s): Nikolay Yanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Corruption has attracted the attention of researchers and experts as an obstacle to growth and a burden on public finances. Where the concerned mind sees a threat to good governance, the clever swindler finds an opportunity for profit. The managers of foreign trade in socialist Bulgaria are no exception. Behind the slogans of solidarity with Third World countries, state-owned enterprises that operate openly or covertly abroad deploy a wide network of corrupt dependencies to secure their interests through the generous distribution of “bribes” and “commissions”, two concepts that easily transform into each other. We find abundant documentary evidence of such practices in the court archive of the comprehensive case against the executives of the state-owned commercial enterprise “Texim”. The trial itself shows the contagious example of bribery, which from being a means of influence in foreign countries has settled into the organizational culture of the Bulgarian company, opening the door to various forms of abuse of office.

От културен трансфер към социокултурна трансформация. Часовниците и усещането за времето в България

Author(s): Andreas Liberatos / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The invention of the mechanical clock was one of the most signifi cant technological advances which brought about European world hegemony. Starting with the clock towers which gradually became an indispensable element of Balkan town landscape and sound environment during the 17th and 18th centuries, and reaching the climax of mass imports of pocket or wrist watches from Central Europe during the early 20th century, the transfer of the new technology to Europe’s Southeastern periphery not only changed the system of time measurement, but was also related to the concomitant important cultural shifts in the perception of time, most importantly the transition from time obedience to time discipline. Focusing on present day Bulgaria and using mostly Bulgarian sources, the paper offers an overview of the abovementioned process, tackles the ensuing theoretical and methodological questions and outlines an approach to the study of this particular case of cultural transfer.

Е.И. Арсентьева, О.В. Горская, Aнтичные ювелирные изделия из частных собраний. Кольца и перстни. Каталог коллекции. Государственный Эрмитаж

Author(s): Yuri Pyatnitsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

Review of: Е.И. Арсентьева, О.В. Горская, античные ювелирные изделия из частных собраний. Кольца и перстни. Каталог коллекции. Государственный Эрмитаж. Санкт-Петербург: Издательство Государственного Эрмитажа, 2019, 196 стр., ил., ISBN: 9785935728779.

Кунсткамера (музей) и другие археологические собрания николаева, их создатели и передача одесскому обществу истории и Древностей в 40-х годах XIX века

Author(s): Igor V. Sapozhnikov,Olga Eisfeld,Victor Savchenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2023

The article focuses on the history of the Black Sea Navy bodies in Nikolaev, which, in the 1800s-1830s. were engaged in the collection, preservation and exhibition of ancient, mainly antique and Roman objects, inscriptions and coins. Most of them came from the ruins of the nearby city of Olbia Pontica and other places in the Northern Black Sea region, but some of the antiquities, as well as the Ottoman inscriptions, were brought from Athens, from the islands of the Mediterranean Sea and from the coast of the Caucasus (the Anapa Fortress). The exhibits had different origins: purchases from robber-diggers, chance finds, gifts from individuals, war trophies, and even from special excavations conducted under the guidance of naval officers at the ruins of Olbia Pontica, at Chersonese near Sevastopol, and at the sanctuary of Achilles (Tendrovskaya Spit). It is noted that in the creation of the collections of the Cabinet of Rarities at the Depot of Maps, their replenishment and even in the transfer to the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities, the leading roles were played by well-known freemasons – admirals I.I. Traverse and A.S. Greig, Count M.S. Vorontsov, and many others. As a result, most of the very valuable artifacts ended up in the funds of the Odessa Archaeological Museum, where they are kept to this day. The location of some of the rarities is unknown.

ТРАГИ НА РУДАРСТВО ВО ВИНИЧКИОТ РЕГИОН

Author(s): Julijana Ivanova / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 23/2024

A large number of archaeological sites registered in the Vinica’s region from the period of prehistory to the Middle Ages provide insights, based on serious evidence discovered so far, into the development of pottery, mining and metallurgy as economic branches that influenced the economic development of the settlements in the region. Some of them, in the early antique, Roman and late antique periods grew into developed craft, cultural and commercial centers, and with the acceptance of the Christian religion, into significant religious centers. Archeological research at several sites has confirmed the existence of the remains of metal slag, stone crushers and stone vessels for smelting ore. The various metal objects that are distinguished by high quality speak of mining – metallurgical activity, which was one of the main reasons for construction of some of the settlements. Of particular importance for the development of mining in the region is the locality known under the name of Rashka near the village of Peklani, where several gold-bearing mining galleries have been discovered which, based on the archaeological material, are dated to the Roman period. That gold-bearing material was exploited there was proven by chemical analysis of the material from inside the galleries, where, in addition to native gold, certain amounts of silver were also found. The large concentration of archaeological sites that are located in its immediate vicinity goes in favor of the conclusion of the development of the settlements that gravitate around this mining center.

Драгомир Бонџић, РУСКИ ЕМИГРАНТИ ПРОФЕСОРИ БЕОГРАДСКОГ УНИВЕРЗИТЕТА

Author(s): Ilija Kukobat / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

Review of: Драгомир Бонџић, РУСКИ ЕМИГРАНТИ ПРОФЕСОРИ БЕОГРАДСКОГ УНИВЕРЗИТЕТА, Београд, Архипелаг, Институт за савремену историју, 2023, 500.