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Sociálna štruktúra bratislavskej umeleckej bohémy v rokoch 1920 – 1945

Author(s): Martin Vašš / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2018

The study provides an analysis of the authentic modernist cultural and social phenomenon of Bratislava‘s artistic bohemians in the years 1920–1945 in terms of its social structure. This group consisted of writers and painters, in what amounted to a special social microcosm, in the midst of which a particular social structure spontaneously formed, consisting of a leading integrating personality encircled by a wider group of acquaintances, patrons, female muses, devotees and fans stemming from bourgeois circles. . An important issue in the context of the social structure of Bratislava‘s artistic bohemians is the antagonism between bohemian artists, who possessed cultural capital, and the bourgeoisie, who possessed economic capital.

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Začetni pouk računstva v času šolske reforme Marije Terezije

Author(s): Milan Hladnik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2-3/2024

This article gives a brief overview of the innovations that the first Austrian school law of 1774, by including calculus as a compulsory subject, introduced into the initial teaching of calculus which made calculus throughout the monarchy, including the territory of present- day Slovenia. It stipulated that children should be familiarised with natural numbers and basic operations with them, with digerent measures, and with the use of simple rules of reasoning. Instructions on how to proceed in calculus lessons could be found in the Method Book of im, and in more detail in its summary, Core of the Method Book, which was also published bilingually in 1777, in German and Slovene. By describtion of the content of both methodological works that concerns calculus, we present the application of Felbiger's pedagogical method in calculus education. We also discuss the official textbook entitled Instruction for the Art of calculus, and compare the calculation procedures prescribed therein with modern ones. It should be stressed that the introduction of calculus into schools has brought something very important (to the mathematical profession in Slovenia), besides its general benefits: it has stimulated the development of Slovenian mathematical terminology and (albeit belatedly) the beginning of the writing and publishing of Slovenian school books suitable for the initial teaching of calculus.

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Nemirni šolski razred štajerskega slikarja Ferdinanda Mallitscha iz 1876

Author(s): Branko Šuštar / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2-3/2024

The classroom with teacher and pupils had been of artistic interest to painters since the Middle Ages, and in the 19th century it became a popular genre motif. With the experience of academic schooling in Graz and Vienna and study trips as far as Paris, the Styrian painter Ferdinand Mallitsch, already noted by his contemporaries for the quality of his work, took up the subject of school painting when his two sons were growing up, adding to his previous interest in landscapes, portraits and family scenes. He depicted a lively classroom break in a dynamic, dramatic painting with more than twenty exuberant pupils caught in the moment of the teacher's arrival. This interesting motif in the history of education has not been overlooked among classroom scenes, but it is not very well known. However, with the availability of the Internet, it is becoming even more prominent. This classroom motif from 1876, presented here as Mischief in the Classroom, has had a variety of names: Die Zwischenstunde in der Dorfschule, Die entfesselte Schulklasse, and Vor der Schule. Born in Graz in 1820, the painter helped to shape a particularly German part of the culture of the then German and Slovenian-speaking Styria as one of the lands of Habsburg Austria. But the artistic expression speaks beyond language and time. On his father's side, the painter belonged to the Malič/Mallitsch family from Ljubljana, but he was connected to the Slovenian lands through his mother's family, the Vischners from Graz, when he managed the family vineyard estate Vukovski dvor (Willkommhof) near Pesnica pri Mariboru. He died in 1900 in Lenart in the Slovenske gorice region.

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Mađarske škole u Osijeku u vrijeme Austro-Ugarske

Author(s): Denis Njari / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2024

The paper encompasses the period of the First Elementary and Secondary School founded in Osijek in the late 19th century with assistance from the Hungarian Royal State Railway when classes were conducted in Hungarian. The paper is based on Hungarian and Croatian archival records and on the comparison of the then Hungarian and Croatian newspapers reporting on the above school and the occurrences associated with it. Attention has been drawn to the role and significance of the school in promoting the Hungarian language and culture for the Hungarians of Osijek and the surroundings. As the school operated in the course of turbulent Hungarian-Croatian relations, the political and social impact of the school on the Croatian population has also been analysed. The paper endeavours to contribute to the understanding of the historical and cultural context of the Hungarian minority in Osijek and to shed light on the complex demands imposed on the school, which implied playing the role of the central Hungarian national institution in Osijek and making sure that the Croatian population in Osijek did not feel jeopardised by its functioning.

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Prikazi i osvrti

Author(s): Jakov Blagojević,Alen Moslavac,Siniša Đuričić,Milan Vrbanus / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 24/2024

Reviews of: 1. Dinko ŠOKČEVIĆ: Kratka povijest Hrvata u Mađarskoj (Budimpešta: Croatica, 2021). 223 str. ISBN 978-61-5601-426-9. 2. Dijana PINJUH, Anđelko VLAŠIĆ: Tragom Evlije Čelebija kroz Hercegovački sandžak (Zagreb: Srednja Europa, 2023). 290 str. ISBN 978-953-8281-85-3. 3. Ekonomska i ekohistorija / Economicand Ecohistory – Časopis za gospodarsku povijest i povijest okoliša, broj 18 (Zagreb – Samobor, 2022). 119 str. ISSN 1845-5867 (Tisak); 1849-0190 (Online). 4. Znanstvena radionica „Izazovi i važnost istraživanja kartografske građe Slavonije iz razdoblja ranog novog vijeka“, Vukovar 4.-6. rujna 2023.

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Holocaust Memory in the Post-communist Romanian Orthodox Church

Author(s): Anca-Diana Bălan / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2024

The main aim of this approach is to complete the picture of how the Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC) relates in the post-communist period to the role it played in the interwar period in the unfolding of the Holocaust in Romania. Three models of the Holocaust will be correlated to answer whether the ROC is an optic community in the sense that Eviatar Zerubavel confers to this concept: the institutional model of the Church, the scientific model, and the social model. We consider the institutional model of the Holocaust to be at the intersection of the models corresponding to the two levels of the Church under consideration: clerical (including the episcopal one) and lay. In structuring the episcopal model, we used the thematic analysis of articles dealing with the Holocaust or a related topic in the publications of the Patriarchate and the inland Metropolises, the period of analysis being 1990-2023. For the same period, the social pages of priests, laymen, and laity associations, macro- and micro-social media influencers are analyzed at clerical and lay level. The main conclusion of the analysis of the correspondence between the mnemonic models of the Holocaust mentioned above is that the ROC acts as an optic community. At the same time, the Romanian Orthodox Church shows itself as a mnemonic community that recalls the past regarding the phenomenon of the Holocaust in Romania in a certain way and constrains how this past is recalled.

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Scrinia Slavonica: godišnjak Podružnice za povijest Slavonije

Author(s): Marija Kanižaj / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 66/2024

Review of: Scrinia Slavonica: godišnjak Podružnice za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje Hrvatskog instituta za povijest 23 (2023), 465 stranica

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Trpimir Vedriš, Gábor Klaniczay, Dorottya Uhrin, ur., The Saints of Rome. Diffusion and Reception from Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Period

Author(s): Maja Hučić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 67/2024

Review of: Trpimir Vedriš, Gábor Klaniczay, Dorottya Uhrin, ur., The Saints of Rome. Diffusion and Reception from Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Period, Zagreb: Hagiotheca; Leykam, 2022, 234 stranice

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Politica fiscală a domnilor fanarioți față de așezămintele religioase. Studiu de caz: mănăstirile Cotroceni, Radu Vodă și Mihai Vodă

Author(s): Mariana Lazăr / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2024

The history of medieval Romanian taxation was a complex one, not yet enough understood. In what the monasteries are concerned, whereas they initially benefited from tax immunity, over time certain contributions began being imposed on them. After 1720, in direct relation to the growing financial needs of the Phanariot rulers, the taxes imposed on the monasteries were both diversified and increased. The documents regarding the budgets of the monasteries Cotroceni, Radu Vodă and Mihai Vodă contain detailed information about the taxes personal, real and extraordinary that were paid not only by these monasteries, but also by all other similar institutions between 1730 and 1740. Thus, taxes that had previously been only exceptional, became annual taxes under the Phanariot reigns, some being even collected twice in a year, whenever there was a change of ruler or when the demands of the Turks became pressing.The quantum of these taxes paid by the monasteries to the country’s treasury demonstrates the excessive taxation of that era. The serious consequences on their situation determine Prince Constantin Mavrocordat to give them exception from the taxes (1741). Later, due to increased financial needs, the successors of Constantin Mavrocordat reimposed the monasteries to pay the taxes. In 1775, Prince Alexandru Ipsilanti exempted the monasteries from paying taxes, instead asking them to pay a contribution proportional with their wealth in order to finance the schools. Although the monasteries were exempt from paying taxes by a number of princely charters, nevertheless at later dates they were asked to contribute towards the wellbeing of the country, whenever the need required it.

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Din istoria mănăstirii Slobozia lui Enache de la întemeiere până la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea

Author(s): Petronel Zahariuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2024

This study is based on the documentary treasure of the monastery Slobozia lui Enache (Ialomița county), preserved in the Docheiariou monastery on Mount Athos. The author co-edited a volume comprising the Romanian documents from the Docheiariou archives, published in 2019. In addition to the Athonite sources, he also considered the documents from the Romanian National Historical Archives in Bucharest, found in the archival fond of Slobozia lui Enache monastery and Apostolache skete. Based on this corpus of sources, the author investigates the history of the Slobozia lui Enache monastery, starting from its foundation and continuing until the mid-nineteenth century. The studythrows new lights on the early history of both Slobozia lui Enache monastery and Apostolache skete, with respect to their foundation and architecture. Incidentally, the study also invalidates a series of false historiographical assumptions and hypotheses.

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Încă o privire din Polonia asupra Moldovei

Author(s): Andrei Pippidi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2024

A „dossier” preserved in the Vatican Archives, entitled Regni et Regnum Poloniae in Valachorum, includes a selection of Polish sources related to the history of Moldavia and Wallachia. The collection drew on humanist authors, such as Kromer, Wapowski and Gorecki, and covered a significantly period of time. Most likely, the file was prepared by the Polish court for pope Clement VIII or for his close collaborator cardinal Cinzio Aldobrandini. The collage includes references to the origins of the Wallachians, to their language and customs, and to their history. As one would expect, special attention was paid to the historical relationship between Poland and Moldavia, from mid-fourteenth to mid-sixteenth century. To the same „dossier” was added a piece on the Roxolani, viewed as pertaining to the Slavic and Orthodox sphere. The purpose of this „dossier” was to provide potential readers with key-sources on Polish-Moldo-Wallachian shared history.

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Addenda et corrigenda

Author(s): Petronel Zahariuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2024

More than a quarter of a century ago, Florin Marinescu published a partial photograph (missing the last three lines) of a Slavic-Romanian document issued by the ruler of Moldavia, Petru II. Two years after the last edition, in 1998, the document was transcribed and translated by Valentin Constantinov, being "collated together with Professor Dr. Ioan Caproșu."

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Noutăți editoriale

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian,French,German,Hungarian Issue: XLII/2024

Editorial news.Recent Publications.

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Siedem fenomenów kultury studenckiej w PRL

Author(s): Sławomir Rogowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2024

An attempt at demonstrating the accomplishments of the student cultural and artistic movement in 1956–1989. The purpose of the text is to bring the titular phenomenon closer via a presentation of seven problem sub-chapters and within them – the prime determinants, authors, and values that comprised this output. The article’s summary discusses the development, prosperity, and end of the period of the thus comprehended phenomenon occupying a significant place within the student and academic milieu.

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Forum: Raluca Grosescu’s Justice and Memory after Dictatorship

Author(s): Filipe dos Reis,Nina Reiners,Kyle Reed,Victoria Basualdo,Andrei Miroiu,Raluca Grosescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Raluca Grosescu’s Justice and Memory after Dictatorship explores how lawyers mobilised, contested, (re)interpreted, and adjusted key notions of international criminal law in domestic contexts during the transition from dictatorship to democracy in the two semi-peripheries of Latin America and Central Eastern Europe (CEE). The book is remarkable for a variety of reasons. It is based on an impressive amount of empirical data collected over 10 years, including more than 80 interviews with legal practitioners, ethnographic observations of trials, jurisprudence produced in national, regional, and international courts, as well as memoirs and academic literature published by central actors. It uses this material to develop a comparative perspective to analyse the transition in eight countries (Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Estonia, Guatemala, Lithuania, Paraguay, and Romania) and trace global connections. Despite its attention to detail and nuance, it is concise and coherent. It is written in an interdisciplinary manner and speaks to ongoing debates in various academic fields, first and foremost in international relations (IR), international law, the sociology of law, and history. Finally, it is equally valuable for those working on the peculiarities of the two world regions or of international criminal justice, as it is for those interested more in the bigger picture.

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Prikazi

Author(s): Ljubica Anđelković Džambić,Margareta Gregurović,Jelena Kulušić,Barbara Majnarić,Ivona Grgurinović,Mirela Hrovatin,Una Bauer,Željka Petrović Osmak,Janja Kovač,Ivana Štokov,Jadran Kale,Ana Gruić Parać,Silva Kalčić,Vilma Benković,Jelena Ivanišević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2024

Review of: Ozren Biti, Biti poznat. Celebrity kultura na hrvatski način, Disput, Zagreb, 2024., 196 str.; Balkanska ruta. Pojmovnik europskog režima iregulariziranih migracija na periferiji EU, ur. Marijana Hameršak, Iva Pleše i Tea Škokić, Sandorf, Zagreb, 2024., 350 str.; Jadran Kale, Vodič kroz suhozidnu baštinu Šibensko-kninske županije, Muzej grada Šibenika, Šibenik, 2023., 97 str.; Iva Nenić, Guslarke i sviračice na tradicionalnim instrumentima u Srbiji. Identifikacija zvukom, Beograd, Clio, 2019., 299 str.; Jelena Marković, Šutnje straha, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2024., 215 str.; Approaching Pilgrimage. Methodological Issues Involved in Researching Routes, ur. Mario Katić i John Eade, Routledge, London, New York, 2024., 198 str.; Natka Badurina, Strah od pamćenja. Književnost i sjeverni Jadran na ruševinama dvadesetog stoljeća, Zagreb, Disput, 2023., 296 str.; Katalog stalnog postava / Catalogo della mostra permanente, ur. Ivona Orlić i Mario Buletić, Etnografski muzej Istre – Museo etnografico dell´Istria, Pazin, 2024., 162 str.; Dijana Pinjuh i Anđelko Vlašić, Tragom Evlije Čelebija kroz Hercegovački sandžak, Srednja Europa, Zagreb, 2023., 290 str.; Sarah Pink, Emerging Technologies. Life at the Edge of the Future, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, 2023., 168 str.; Lucas Lixinski, International Heritage Law for Communities. Exclusion and Re-Imagination, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019., 314 str.; Žarko Paić, Izgledi nadolazeće filozofije. Metafizika, kibernetika, transhumanizam, Mizantrop, Zagreb, 2023., 351 str.; Suzana Marjanić, Umjetnost performansa i kinizam. Izvedbena linija otpora, Durieux, Hrvatska sekcija AICA, Zagreb, 2022., 678 str.; White Enclosures. Racial Capitalism and Coloniality along the Balkan Route, ur. Walter D. Mignolo, Catherine E. Walsh, Duke University Press, Durham, London, 2023., 200 str.; Katharina Graf, Food and Families in the Making. Knowledge Reproduction and Political Economy of Cooking in Marocco, Bergham Books, Oxford, 2024., 234 str.;

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PRILOG PROUČAVANJU HERCEGOVAČKIH STAMBENO-FORTIFIKACIONIH OBJEKATA (KULA) IZ OSMANSKOG PERIODA SA POSEBNIM FOKUSOM NA PODRUČJE MOSTARA

Author(s): Faruk Taslidža,Ahmet Kurt / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 23/2024

As early as the 17th century, due to deteriorating security conditions, the construction of residential and fortification buildings (towers) began in Herzegovinian sandžak. This practice, which continued during the 18th and 19th centuries, was particularly pronounced in the rural areas west of the Neretva River, as well as in the fertile regions of the Trebinje Nahija. New research indicates that in this regard, the city of Mostar and its wider surroundings are no exception, where we recorded 49 such towers, which is certainly not a final number. The towers (mostly on two floors) were built according to plan, in strategic places and with quality materials. In addition to housing, they served as strong defensive fortifications in wartime conditions. They belonged to respectable and wealthy Bosniak families, and were raised on their estates. Unfortunately, the demolition of these buildings was a continuous phenomenon, accelerated in the era of modernization. As for the Mostar area, most of the towers are completely destroyed today, without any remains. It is certain that the competent institutions should finally show interest in what is still left of these significant historical monuments from the Ottoman era. It is necessary to take concrete steps in order to rehabilitate, protect and culturally affirm them.

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UZURPACIJA VAKUFA BABA BEŠIROVE DŽAMIJE NA BALINOVCU U MOSTARU: BISKUP FRA PAŠKAL BUCONJIĆ I SLUČAJ „MALI HAREM“

Author(s): Mehmed Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 23/2024

This paper presents the case of the usurpation of waqf property in the Baba Bešir district of Mostar at the beginning of the twentieth century. Based on unpublished archival material, it depicts how the waqf plot known as “Mali Harem”(eng. “Small Harem”) or “Harem u strani” (eng. “Side Harem”) was unlawfully appropriated by Mostar’s bishop, Fra Paškal Buconjić (1834- 1910), and the measures taken by the District Waqf-Mearif Commission in Mostar and the central waqf administration to return this cemetery to waqf possession. In the Memorandum sent by representatives of Bosnian Muslims to Minister Kallay in 1900, alongside numerous other instances of waqf property usurpation and devastation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it was stated that in Mostar, Bishop Buconjić had made a garden on a Muslim cemetery. Literature has often repeated this information without providing detailed accounts of how this usurpation occurred. For this reason, we aimed to ascertain whether archival materials could reveal how “Mali Harem” came into private ownership at the start of the twentieth century. The report on waqf possessions and properties from 1931 listed this cemetery as part of the waqf, suggesting that a process had been undertaken in preceding years to return it. By analyzing information from the archives, we determined that Bishop Buconjić was unwilling to voluntarily relinquish this property and return it to waqf ownership, claiming he had purchased it, though he did not know from whom. By selling this property to Marijan Zlomislić, he further complicated the restitution process. This process also highlights and presents the role of the Austro-Hungarian authorities in Mostar in their treatment of specifically Muslim institutions such as waqfs. This paper, by analyzing and reconstructing the fate of “Mali Harem,” aims to contribute to the understanding and study of the history of Mostar’s waqfs, as well as Mostar in general.

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MOSTARSKA PORATNA ARHITEKTURA Kako urbanističke intervencije u jednom gradu pokušavaju pobrisati jedno sjećanje te nametnuti drugo

Author(s): Dario Terzić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 23/2024

Interpersonal communication in divided cities is particularly specific, sometimes challenging but also risky. In such an environment, public space is often undefined, indeterminate, or undergoing constant changes and transformations. This is proven by the stories of the central zones in Berlin, Belfast, Mitrovica and many other cities. In the last three decades, the Mostar city center was first destroyed, then the newly created centers “wandered” from one place to another. The original idea of the European Community that the so-called district should be a new city within the city, the center of the awakening of a sleeping, sleepy Mostar, has absolutely failed. Unfortunately, that did not happen. Today, Mostar has several central zones, urban plans were neglected for decades, all sorts of things were built as anyone liked. Some old buildings that survived the war were later demolished and new “modern” buildings were built in their place. With the demolition of those buildings, many stories and memories of the people who lived and stayed there were erased. Although the centers of power try to convince us that these buildings were dilapidated, dysfunctional or unprofitable, there is a lot of evidence that they were demolished because they belonged to a different time, a different way of thinking, a different ideology. They belonged to a city where everyone lived together.

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REVIEWS AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES

Author(s): Andrei Popescu,Ahmed Abd-El-Kader,Eduárd Sebők,Raluca Tomi / Language(s): English Issue: 1-4/2023

Review of: TUDOR DINU, REVOLUȚIA GREACĂ DE LA 1821 PE TERITORIUL MOLDOVEI ȘI AL ȚĂRII ROMÂNEȘTI [THE GREEK REVOLUTION OF 1821 ON THE TERRITORY OF MOLDAVIA AND WALLACHIA], Editura Humanitas, Bucharest, 2022, 368 p.; NÁNDOR BÁRDI, JUDIT PÁL, DINCOLO DE TRANȘEE. CUM AU TRĂIT MAGHIARII DIN TRANSILVANIA MARELE RĂZBOI ȘI TRIANONUL [BEYOND THE TRENCHES. HOW THE TRANSYLVANIAN HUNGARIANS PERCEIVED THE GREAT WAR AND THE TRIANON TREATY], Editura Humanitas, Bucharest, 2022, 504 p.; VICTOR SPINEI, DORINA N. RUSU, EDS., ENCICLOPEDIA REPREZENTANȚILOR SCRISULUI ISTORIC ROMÂNESC [ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF ROMANIAN HISTORICAL WRITING], 5 vols., Editura Karl A. Romstorfer, Suceava, 2021, 699 p. + 588 p. + 443 p. + 431 p. + 553 p.

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