Bulgarien - Das fremde Land

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 15/1984

Kaum ein europäisches Land ähnlicher Größe ist derart unbekannt wie Bulgarien. Viele verbinden damit bestenfalls die Schwarzmeerküste, Sonnenbaden, Rosenöl und die Erfolge in gewissen Sportarten wie Gymnastik oder Gewichtheben; Kulturinteressierte kennen vielleicht noch den Verpackungskünstler Christo. Wer überlegt schon, daß auch Elias Canetti gebürtiger Bulgare ist, der in seinen Jugenderinnerungen »Die gerettete Zunge« das Leben im Donauhafen Rustschuk beschrieben hat?

Tschechoslowakei - Leben als die Kunst des Möglichen

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 23/1986

Die in Paris erscheinende Kultur Zeitschrift Svedectvi brachte in ihrer Ausgabe Nr. 75/1985 folgendes Gespräch, das ein Mitarbeiter des tschechischen Exilorgans mit vier jungen Studentinnen an einem Donauufer führte. Es sind »gewöhnliche“ Frauen, die weder engagierte Dissidentinnen noch überzeugte Regimeanhängerinnen sind.

Minderheiten - Die Verfolgung der Türken

Author(s): Michelle Lee / Language(s): German Issue: 21/1985

Am 4. Dezember 1985 will Bulgarien sein Traumziel erreichen: Bei der für diesen Tag angesetzten Volkszählung soll endlich herauskommen, daß Bulgarien eine ethnisch reine, homogene Nation ist. Die nationalen Minderheiten — allen voran Mazedonier und Türken — fallen dabei unter den Rost.

Sowjetunion - Arbeiter und Bosse in der Sowjetunion

Author(s): Bohdan Krawchenko / Language(s): German Issue: 20/1985

Im ersten Teil dieser Analyse (vgl. gegenstimmen 19/1985) lag das Hauptaugenmerk auf den Änderungen der Sozialstruktur der Sowjetunion, insbesondere der Arbeiterklasse. Bohdan Krawchenko ist Professor am Kanadischen Institut für Ukrainische Studien in Edmonton, Alberta.

Rezensionen

Author(s): Rainer Bauböck / Language(s): German Issue: 18/1984

Review of: Dieter Borkowski: Für jeden kommt der Tag... Stationen einer Jugend in der DDR. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt 1983, 334 Seiten, öS 99.80/DM 12.80 Konstantin Paustowskij: Erzählungen vom Leben. Band 1: Ferne Jahre, Fischer 5803, 1984, 343 Seiten, öS 84.20/DM 10.80; Band 2: Unruhige Jugend, Fischer 5344, 1983, 315 Seiten, öS 76.40/DM 9.80; Band 3: Beginn eines unbekannten Zeitalters, Fischer 5345, 1983, 247 Seiten, öS 76.40/DM 9.80; Band 4: Die Zeit der großen Erwartungen, Fischer 5346, 1983, 267 Seiten, öS 76.40/DM 9.80; alle: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt/Main Rainer Bauböck - Adam Schaff: Polen heute. Europaverlag, Wien 1984, 240 Seiten, öS 198.- /DM 29.80 Friedrich Uttitz: Zeugen der Revolution. Mitkämpfer Lenins und Stalins berichten. Bund-Verlag, Köln 1984, 209 Seiten, öS 218.40/DM 28.- HOSI Wien/Auslandsgruppe: Rosa Liebe unterm roten Stern. Zur Lage der Lesben und Schwulen in Osteuropa. Frühlings Erwachen Nr. 7,142 Seiten, öS 95.80/DM 13.80 Arnulf Baring: Der 17. Juni 1953. Deutsche-Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1983,199 Seiten, öS 154.40/DM 19.80 Lubomír Sochor: Beitrag zur Analyse der konservativen Elemente in der Ideologie des »realen Sozialismus«. Studie Nr. 4, Index-Verlag, Köln 1984, 50 Seiten W. Brus/P. Kende/Z. Mlynař: Die sowjetischen Systeme nach Breschnjew. Studie Nr. 5, Index-Verlag, Köln 1984, 47 Seiten Zhores Medvedev: Andropov. Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1983, 227 Seiten, £ 7.50 Ingeborg Fleischhauer: Das Dritte Reich und die Deutschen in der Sowjetunion. Stuttgart 1983, Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, 258 Seiten, öS 171.60/ DM 22.- Karel Kaplan: Politische Persekution in der Tschechoslowakei 1948-1972. Forschungsprojekt »Krisen in den Systemen sowjetischen Typs«, Studie Nr. 3, 55 Seiten. Zu bestellen bei: Dr. Zdenek Mlynař, A-1232 Wien, Porschestraße 21-23/25

Societăți secrete, loje și masonerii. Între mitul conspirației și construcția societății civile românești (sec. al XIX-lea)

Author(s): Toader Nicoară / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 44/2024

The last decades of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century were also marked in the Romanian space by the agglutination and crystallization of two apparently contradictory processes: the establishment of the Romanian national identity and the organization of the national struggle, and the organization of civil society, with the mission of democratizing and making the political life of society transparent. In order to dislodge the old political arrangements based on police control, censorship, etc., the national elites resorted to various forms and means of action; on the one hand, to the politics of conspiracy and plotting, after the Italian Carbonari model, or to masonic lodges and fraternities, i.e. secret associations and societies, fashionable throughout Europe. They replaced the political activity carried out in legal forms (the political opposition in the Public Assembly) because the civil society was in the process of being organized and was still proving fragile, and they offered their members (conspirators, conjurers, freemasons) a space of freedom and personal security, for the spread of new ideas and new programs for social and national emancipation. As such, although secret or discrete structures of a special nature, surrounded by an imaginary conspiratorial halo, secret societies, masonic lodges fortified civil society and contributed to the realization of the ideals of this time (the decades of the middle of the 19th century).

Рейнекий и неговата история на Древна Tракия от 1595 година

Author(s): Georgi Mitrev,Jordan Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

This article discusses a study by the historian Reineccius (1541 – 1595) on aspects of the history of Ancient Thrace and the Thracians. Until now, this work – part of a comprehensive exploration entitled “Historia Ivlia, Siue Syntagma Heroicvm” – has remained unknown to modern researchers and they assumed, that scholarly interest in Thracian history emerged only in the first half of the 18th century. The article begins with brief notes on Reineccius’s biography and works, followed by an overview of the information about the Thracians in his book. It is noted that, in the section titled “Regnum Thracium” the author sequentially examines ancient evidence concerning the geographical scope of Thrace, the strongest Thracian tribes, the Thracians outside Thrace; afterwards he structures the available at his time information of ancient writers about Thracian kings, specifying their family relationships. Special attention is given to the Odryssian kings, constituting about a third of the content. Other kingdoms, which today are considered part of the Thracian ethno-cultural community, are examined in separate sections: Bosphorus, Paeonia and Pannonia, Getica, Dacia and Moesia. The text is complemented by stems indicating established connections between dynasties and kings. Reineccius’s work is remarkable for its rigorous research elements and strict adherence to ancient texts, correctly cited. Undoubtedly, due to these qualities, this study on Ancient Thrace has influenced research on the topic for the next two centuries. Based on the presented facts, it is concluded that Reineccius’s work can be considered the first attempt to systematize ancient information about Thrace and the Thracians.

Political Economy of the Contemporary Art Market in Russia, 1990–2022

Author(s): Ilja Viktorov / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2023

From the late perestroika period, when the socialist realist tradition lost its official status and support from the state, the Russian contemporary art scene attempted to follow common international tendencies. Like other aspects of post-Soviet cultural life, it underwent a process of marketisation when individual artistic creativity and an artist’s reputation acquired its economic value. However, this process was not straightforward; only a handful of artists were able to enter the high-end luxury art market with its own distribution channels and demand patterns. Like in other countries, the process of creation of economic value in the Russian contemporary art market represents a special case of business activity. It depends to a higher degree on artist branding, tastes, and networking as well as global and national trends in consumption. This makes investment in this type of art risky involving high transaction costs. Starting with the establishment of the first art galleries and emergence of the institution of art dealers in the late 1980s, the Russian contemporary art market and its actors have been to a great extent oriented towards importation and imitation of the key Western practices and institutional patterns.1 Besides the above-mentioned galleries and art dealers, these include art fairs, auction houses, specialised museums and art curatorship, critics, academic and educational institutions, and commercial expertise.

Jüdischer monarchischer Patriotismus im Alten Reich des 18. Jahrhunderts

Author(s): Ivan Parvev / Language(s): German Issue: 1-2/2024

One of the aspects of the history of the Jews in the Holy Roman Empire of the 18th century that has only been rudimentarily researched is the so-called Jewish monarchical patriotism, which I want to be understood as a new-coined scholarly term. In my view the Jewish monarchical patriotism consists of three components. The historically oldest, which can be traced back at least to the 17th century, was the public declaration of loyalty to the monarch. The second component, the joy over victories in war or peace, can be traced back to the 1740s, when rabbis in Berlin, Prague and Vienna began to congratulate rulers on winning battles in their sermons. The third element, the military component, emerged in the late 1780s, when Emperor Joseph II ordered the recruitment of Jewish men in his army. However, not all segments of the Jewish community stood behind such a patriotic stand. On the other hand, many non-Jews perceived the demonstrated monarchical patriotism as “quasi-patriotism” that could only feed anti-Semitic prejudices.

Soviet Bloc, Power Struggle, and Social Changes in Syria (mid-1950s – mid-1960s)

Author(s): Nadya Filipova / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2024

ODNOS SOCIJALISTIČKIH VLASTI PREMA HUSEIN-EF. ĐOZI

Author(s): Elvir Duranović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 96/2023

Based on the documents found in GaziHusrev-bey’s Libray, the family archive of Husein ef. Đozo, the Archives of the State Commission for Religious Issues and the Archive Information and Security Agency, wherein the archive of UDBA is also preserved, the author here thematises the attitude of the socialist government towards Husein ef. Đozo, an Islamic thinker whose endeavour marked the second half of the 20th century within the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first part of the article reveals some lesser-known biographical details of Husein Đozo related to his activities during the Second World War, which in particular were the basis for the State’s opinion later, in the socialist period. Further on, the author discusses the socialist government’s view regarding Đozo’s decision to return to the Islamic Community in the year 1960. All the preserved documents undoubtedly show that Husein Đozo, as a person of high morality, refused to act as a government informer and that the same government would leave him alone for so long as his activities were in line with the government’s agenda. However, each time his actions were esteemed to be contrary to its objectives, the government would initiate all available mechanisms, such as informative hearings, and exercising pressure via regime-controlled media all to force him into resigning from his current duties and returning to a more desirable frame of work.

PRAVO BOŠNJAKINJE NA ZAPOSLENJE I RAD IZVAN KUĆE KROZ POVIJEST: PREGLED STAVOVA BOŠNJAČKE VJERSKE INTELIGENCIJE I NJIHOVO ARGUMENTIRANJE TUMAČENJEM KUR’ANA

Author(s): Sumejja Ljevaković-Subašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 97/2024

The article thematises the right of Bosniak women to employment and work outside their homes in the context of the emancipation of women in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its introduction presents a brief review of employment and the work of women throughout history highlighting the limitations that were imposed upon their employment in public offices by the ulama and others based on the interpretation of the Qur’an. Further on, the article focuses on the practice of employment of women outside their homes from the period of Ottoman rule to the end of the Second World War, that is to say until the passing of the Constitution of FNRJ (Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia). The article focuses on the opinions of Bosniak religious scholars regarding (non) permissiveness for women to work outside their homes with a special accent on their argumentation based on an interpretation of the Qur’an. It also presents here a brief view of the opinions of Bosniak ulama regarding women’s employment in religious affairs.

HIVZIJA HASANDEDIĆ I NJEGOV PRISTUP IZUČAVANJU KULTURNE HISTORIJE BOŠNJAKA

Author(s): Mevludin Dizdarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 97/2024

Hivzija Hasandedić is one of the scholars who got their degree at VIŠT (degree in Islamic-Sharia theology), where he received theological, universal education, but in a later phase in their life made an eminent contribution in the field of Bosnia and Herzegovina cultural heritage studies. Hivzija Hasandedić left almost an entire library of valuable research contributions and authentic documents which are indispensable in studies of the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most dominating aspect of his method was the micro-historical approach to his studies that can be explained as the history from beneath or the research that takes for its subject, not some large-scale events, but rather focuses on those small, marginalised spaces and topics. These small topics as such create a mosaic which provides a better and more wholesome view of the entire historical process. The present article aims to study and present Hasandediće’s methodology of the approach to studies of culture and history. We tried to observe what heritage was the subject of his study, in what way and in what volume, believing that in that way we would gain a better understanding of his attitude towards cultural history and what enabled him to produce such a remarkable volume of works.

ŠEJHUL-ISLAM MUSTAFA HAJRI-EF. I FETVA O VELIKOM DŽIHADU

Author(s): Dženan Hasić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 97/2024

The article presents a brief review of the life of shaikh al-Islam, Mustafa Hayri Efendi (1867-1921), who happened to be the head of the Ottoman Meshihat at the time of the beginning of the First World War with an emphasis on his fatwa on big jihad. In 1914, when the Ottoman Empire joined the alliance of Germany and Austria–Hungary against Russia, France and England, he issued a fatwa about the great jihad. Since the Ottoman Empire was still, though in its last years only formally, a state managed by the rule of the Shariah, it was required of the religious head of the state, shaikh al-Islam, to issue a fatwa regarding the jihad. The fatwa obligates all the Muslims of the Muslim world, thus including the Bosniaks, against the enemy of the Ottoman Empire. The religious head of the Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time was Džemaluddin-ef. Čaušević. Fatwa was read in public in Sarajevo, on December 11, 1914, before over 3000 people after the jummah salah, in Gazi Husrev-bey’s mosque, and before the troops of the AustroHungarian army in Bosnia and Herzegovina in March 1915.

The Presentation of Popular Music in Yugoslav Socialist Discourses (1945–1952)

Author(s): Dragica Popovska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper deals with popular (entertainment, dance or light) music in Yugoslav socialist discourses, in the period from 1945 to 1952. It is based on newspaper articles of the time, which provide insight into the ways in which the tension, contradictions and possibilities in everyday life related to music and dancing forms of entertainment, were identified. The analyzed data shows that there was an interaction of generative and restrictive practices in Yugoslav society. They indicate the way in which the image of popular music was shaped in the socialist discourse in the 1945–1952 period.

Prikazi

Author(s): Ines Prica,Deniver Vukelić,Ljubica Anđelković Džambić,Mirela Hrovatin,Vilma Benković,Kristina Vugdelija,Sanja Potkonjak,Marijana Dragičević,Ivana Budimir,Sanja Đurin,Adrijana Vidić,Noel Putnik,Helena Glavaš / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2024

Review of: 1.) O biblioteci Nova etnografija – uz više od 20 godina postojanja i drugo izdanje prvog objavljenog djela; 2.) Zoran Čiča, Vilenica i vilenjak. Sudbina jednog pretkršćanskog kulta u doba progona vještica, Drugo, izmijenjeno izdanje, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2023., 212 str.; 3.) Stjepan Pepeljnjak, Bela roža i črleni jorgovan. Običaji zagrebačke okolice od tradicije do pučkoga kazališta, ur. Tvrtko Zebec i Anamarija Žugić Borić, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb, 2022., 355 str.; 4.) Miroslava Hadžihusejnović Valašek, Dušo, sad pođi sa mnom. Tradicijske nabožne pripovjedne pjesme i molitve iz Slavonije i Baranje, Đakovačkoosječka nadbiskupija, Đakovo, 2022., 350 str.; 5.) Jelka Vukobratović, U (g)radu i zabavi. Etnografija križevačkih glazbenika, Hrvatsko etnološko društvo, Zagreb, 2022., 134 str.; 6.) Mi gradimo otok, otok gradi nas. Okoliš sjećanja / We are building the island, the island is building us. Environment of remembrance, ur. Jasmina Bavoljak, voditelj projekta Davor Bavoljak, Udruga Goli otok “Ante Zemljar”, Zagreb, 2021., 215 str.; 7.) The Caring State and Architecture. Sites of Education and Culture in Socialist Countries, ur. Jasna Galjer, Sanja Lončar, Hrvatsko etnološko društvo, Zagreb, 2021., 236 str.; 8.) Nina Vodopivec, Tu se ne bo nikoli već šivalo. Doživljaji izgube dela in propada tovarne, Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino, Ljubljana, 2021., 307 str.; 9.) Andrea Matošević, Kolos Jadrana. Industrijski film i brodogradilište Uljanik u drugoj polovici XX. stoljeća, Srednja Europa, Zagreb, 2023., 219. str.; 10.) Pioniri maleni. Crtice iz života pionira kroz zbirke Hrvatskoga školskog muzeja, autorica izložbe Kristina Gverić, Školski muzej, Zagreb, 2024.; 11.) Shaping Revolutionary Memory. The Production of Monuments in Socialist Yugoslavia, ur. Sanja Horvatinčić i Beti Žerovc, Igor Zabel Association for Culture and Theory i Archive Books, Ljubljana, Berlin, 2023., 421 str.; 12.) Robert Rydzewski, The Balkan Route. Hope, Migration and Europeanisation in Liminal Spaces, Routledge, London, New York, 2023., 160 str.; 13.) Ecofeminism on the Edge. Theory and Practice, ur. Goran Đurđević i Suzana Marjanić, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, 2024., 263 str.; 14.) Balcano-Balto-Slavica i semiotika, odg. ur. I. A. Sedakova, ur. A. B. Ippolitova, Institut za slavistiku RAN, Moskva, 2023., 116 str.; 15.) Indija i srpska književnost, ur. Nemanja Radulović, Zadužbina “Dositej Obradović”, Beograd, 2021., 145 str.; 16.) David Šporer, Konformizam radikalne misli. Kritički historijat metodoloških i političkih pozicija Michela Foucaulta, Disput, Zagreb, 2023., 354 str.; 17.)

ახალი წიგნები

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 2/2023

კავკასიის ისტორია, ტ. 1, ტ.2. მთავარი რედაქტორი რ. მეტრეველი, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი, 2023; სამეცნიერო ჟურნალი „ლოგოსი“, № 10, თბილისი, 2023; როინ მეტრეველი, წარსული ხელოვნების ენით, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი, 2023 (ქართულ, ინგლისურ და რუსულ ენებზე);ნიკოლ და ჟან-მიშელ ტიერები კავკასია და ანატოლია, შუა საუკუნეების ქართულ ხელოვნება, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი, 2022; დავით მუსხელიშვილი, შრომები, ტ I, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი, 2023; ნათია ფიფია, ქეთევან ნადირაძე, ლერი თავაძე, გიორგი ოთხმეზური, ჯაბა სამუშია, მიხეილ ბახტაძე, აპოლონ თაბუაშვილი, ნიკოლოზ ჯავახიშვილი, სულხან კუპრაშვილი, ალექსანდრე ბოშიშვილი. ქართველ მმართველთა ისტორია, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა ნოტა-ბენე, 2023; ბატურინი ვ., სულხანიშვილი მ., მეცნიერების ფილოსოფია, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა: სამართლიანი საქართველო, 2023.; იოსებ ბანძელაძე, ქართული საზომის დადგენის ისტორია - მეტროლოგიური ანალიზი, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა აკადემიური წიგნი, 2023.; იოსებ ბანძელაძე, ქართული საზომის დადგენის ისტორია - მეტროლოგიური ანალიზი, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა აკადემიური წიგნი, 2023; CUNEUM - ლურსმნული ტექსტების კორპუსი.ხეთური დაკრძალვის რიტუალი. ხეთურიდან თარგმნა - ნინო ჩარექიშვილმა, გამომცემლობა აკადემიური წიგნი, 2023.; აკაკი გელაშვილი, რუსეთ-საქართველოს ომი 1812-1813 წლებში, თბილისი, გამომცემლობა არტანუჯი 2023.

Wartime Provisioning, the People, and the State in Habsburg Central Europe during World War I

Author(s): Jiří Hutečka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the scholarship and processes that made the home front and the question of provisioning a central issue in a series of economic, social, and political crises in Central Europe. In particular, it focuses on those issues that played a role in the downfall of the Habsburg monarchy. Using the dual perspective of a general survey supported by specific examples from the microcosm of wartime Moravia, it shows how the government (mis)managed production, supply, and consumption, and how these efforts fundamentally altered the relationship of the state to its citizens, and vice versa, resulting in a complete breakdown of loyalty to a government perceived as an utter failure. In doing so, the text summarizes the current state of knowledge and identifies gaps that need to be filled with further research to make the existing picture both more complex and complete.

Tamga as an Element of Intertribal and Intercultural Relations of the Turks in the Periods of Ancient History and the Middle Ages

Author(s): Utelbek Shananov / Language(s): English Issue: 118/2024

The study of the history and culture of different peoples, especially their intercultural interactions, deepens our understanding of world history. The aim of this article is to determine the role of tamgas in the intertribal and intercultural relations of steppe peoples during the ancient and medieval periods. A systematic analysis of various sources identifies tamgas as tribal distinguishing marks, artisan symbols, signs of aristocracy, and indicators of allegiance to Mongolian rulers. The study highlights the interactions of the tamga with the ancient Hungarians, the Indians, the Chinese, and the Rurik dynasty. The study presents a generalised view of the role of the tamga for the Turks in specific historical periods.

Moraliniai socialistinio realizmo atspindžiai

Author(s): Lukas Alsys / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 118/2024

The article examines socialist realism through the prisms of dual practice and double consciousness. The paper discusses the shift in normative moral convictions and resistance, at the epicentre of which were the games of dual practice - the conflicts between the interests and needs of public and private life. The paper explores the idea of the referential structure of action, which is based on the following logical structure: The goal of the agent, confronted with external conditions, defines action as a tension between a normative and a conditioning factor, which it attempts to overcome by various means. This article discusses socialist realism as a principle of Soviet moralisation, which was used as a tool for implementing the value system of the new Soviet man.