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Architect Lajos Pákei (1853-1921) was an expert at documenting the architectural heritage of Kolozsvár, and his legacy consisting of plans and documents is kept in archives and collections in Kolozsvár and Budapest. This article highlights three diplomas from this rich heritage to recall certain episodes from the career of the architect. Pákei studied engineering, architecture and arts in Budapest, Munich, and Vienna between 1872 and 1880. Since he did not have any Hungarian “document” of his studies, he had to meet the expectations which have changed meanwhile. Seven years after the completion of his studies, as a practicing architect, honorary chief engineer of Kolozsvár, and institution manager, he passed the required examinations and obtained the architect diploma of the Royal Joseph University of Budapest. He recounted these events in his biography without any annoyance.
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The article is devoted to historiographical analysis of the history of commemorative editions of the University of Odessa on the subject of lighting in them the history of its predecessor - Richelieu Lyceum. Defined criteria for review, on the basis of which are considered the presence or absence in commemorative editions of a separate section on the history of the Richelieu Lyceum, the volume of “lyceum” materials in relation to the total volume of research, informative content about subjects Lyceum.It is noted that the commemorative editions on the history of the University of Odessa was nine: two pre-Soviet editions, four Soviet titles and three modern. In pre-Soviet editions greatest thoroughness marks the work of О. I. Markevich, «ДвадцатипятилетиеИмператорского Новороссийского университета. Историческаязаписка и академические списки» (Odessa,1890). A distinctive feature of Soviet publications was minimal information about the founders of the Lyceum, Directors, teachers, the structure, the only exception is the figure M. I. Pirogov. In modern studies editorial Board and the authors came to the light of the Richelieu Lyceum, and the publication of the 150th anniversary of the University «Одеський національнийуніверситет імені І. І. Мечникова: історія та сучасність (1865–2015)» (Odessa,2015) can rightly be considered one of the most complete and the most detailed of all of the anniversary editions.In the article are emphasized the conceptual ideas, that are captured in the jubilee publications. Idea one: the exceptional importance of Odessa for the Foundation of the University. This idea appeared and spread, primarily, thanks to the existence of the Lyceum – that’s why the story of the Richelieu Lyceum organically combined with the history of Odessa University. Idea two: study of the process of transformation of Richelieu Lyceum in the University. Most researchers are inclined to think about the exceptional role of the Trustee of the Odessa educational district M. I. Pirogov, the filing of which began the process of transformation of the Lyceum into a University. Ideathree: to include or not to include in the history of the Lyceum in the years of the University? Most historians suggested that to consider the history of the Richelieu Lyceum, as a way for the establishment of Novorossiysk University. This concept was the basis for the narrative of the history of the Lyceum anniversary in University publications.
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Genealogical intersections of Prince Vorontsov descendants, who family was suppressed in direct male descendants in 1882, is examined in this article. This fact resulted in family insignia, first of all surname and title, was inherited by female descent into Dashkov family,and later on into the Vorontsov-Dashkovs. This practice was started at the end of XVIII century and was used to genealogically save noble families, that played significant role in history of monarchical Russia.Children of Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov (1782-1856) –son Semyon and daughter Sofia – could be considered as descendants in the truest sense of the word. A different situation arises with the legacy of a generic title, surname and coat of arms – only son and his descendants in the male line could be lineally descended, daughters after marriage – as is a general rule – take surname and social status of husband, as well as children from this marriage.However, as early as Peter the Great times, in case there were no sons it was allowed to inherit by other lines. By 1882, when the Vorontsov family was suppressed in the lineal male descent, considerable experience in genealogical preservation of notable noble families has been accumulated. As a rule, ancient family existence had been continuing through the female line. This option was implemented in the case of Vorontsov.In 1844 Sofia Mikhailovna Vorontsova married Count Andrei Pavlovich Shuvalov, which led to the genealogical intersection of the Vorontsov princely family with the Shuvalov count family. Their sons, Pavel and Mikhail Andreyevich Shuvalov (grandchildren of Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov on his daughter side), with the permission of the Emperor Alexander III took up the genealogical baton of the Vorontsov family, became officially known as “Prince Vorontsov Count Shuvalov.”In the nineteenth century the interception of the Shuvalov-Dashkov family and the Vorontsov family took place. From 1807 on Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov as the first person has been officially known as Count Vorontsov-Dashkov. His son, Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov, in 1867 had married with Yelizaveta Andreyevna Shuvalova, granddaughter of Mikhail Vorontsov, who after a marriage returned surname of ancestors on her mother’s side, becoming Countess Vorontsova-Dashkova.Thus in genealogical terms the Vorontsov family was continued on the female line through the grandchildren and great grandchildren, and three noble families united in the descents of Mikhail Vorontsov.
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Duke Warcisław I of the Griffin dynasty ruled Pomerania at the time of the Christianising mission of Otto of Bamberg, initiated by Bolesław Krzywousty (Bolesław Wrymouth), conducted in 1124–25 and 1128. The three biographies of Otto of Bamberg constitute the richest source of information about Warcisław. In later sources, there are very few references to this Pomeranian duke; however, one event mentioned in some documents, over a span of several centuries, is the murder of Warcisław. The question of the death of Warcisław is an important issue for many reasons. Primarily, an analysis of mentions of this event shows the modification of the image of Warcisław’s death in the historical sources. This is the result of borrowings from earlier texts and the different historical context of the creation of later sources. The main subject of this article is the sources from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries, but the later views of scholars concerning Warcisław’s death are also discussed, which demonstrates that a discussion on this problem is taking place in historical writing to this day.
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This article describes four votive images from the churches of southernTransylvania. The first two from Prejmer and Cristian, Braşov county, aremercantile foundations, and the second two, from Teiuş, Alba county, and TurnuRoşu, Sibiu county, are noble or princely foundations. These votive images aresignificant because they testify and ascertain the initial architecture of themonuments and influences from Wallachia brought in Transylvania on political andeconomic ways.
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The primary source of knowledge in the subject careers are documents and files stored in the archives of the once private. Their pieces are among others in the ECR Zygmunt Gloger. Its advantage is a large variety. We find in the genealogical material and economic, excerpts from books municipal and earthly, worldly goods inventories, inventories of movable property, correspondence, and sources resulting from the functioning of the judiciary. Here are excerpts private archives rich in genealogical material and economic. The chronological range of content „Compendium Zygmunt Gloger” includes the era of traditional Polish as well as centuries XIX and XX (l. 1515–1907). Geographically it concerns among other things, Lithuania, Podlasie and Lublin province. An important part of the „Collection of Zygmunt Gloger” are records of family and property. The sources of this type generally includes correspondence, accounts, wills, documents or their copies proving ownership, extracts from court records, genealogical material. In the ECR Zygmunt Gloger stand out documents and files related to history: Branickich, Barzów, Biedrzychowskich, Potocki, Bielski, Woynów, Suchodolski, Poniatowski, Zamoyski, Czartoryski, Szembeków, Sapieha, the Radziwill, Denhoff, Lubomirski.
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In the polish historiography of the nineteenth century the Catholic hierarchs are seen primarily as representatives of the conservative authorities, inhibiting the development of new forms of social life. In fact, with few exceptions, changes in the relations between social classes and within each of them, have been taking by them with a strong reserve, and even resentment. In the most expressive way it was reflected in relation to the situation of the lower social classes, that in the second half of the century, begun to occupy an important place in the arena of European civilization’s transformation. In this context, an interesting example would be for researchers activities of Jan Puzyna, prince, bishop and cardinal. The controversy, which over the years has been accumulated around his person, caused that today is identified of the most negative features of Polish Catholicism. However, while the creation of such assessments, has its justification in the essence of collective memory, it is the duty of the historian to verify it.
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The creation and development of railways in Prussia in the first two decades of their existence occurred by the private sector. Prussian state established railway law on 3 November 1838, the Berlin–Szczecin railway built relatively early line Berlin–Szczecin (1843) and Stargard–Szczecin (1846). Development of the railway was an important event for the province and Szczecin, affecting the economic, social and political importance. Prussian government has been actively involved in the process of construction of the railway in the early eighties of the 19th century. Local government have been active since 1892, which was related to the new law on local railways construction (Gesetz über Kleinbahnen und Privatanschlußbahnen vom 28.07.1892). Local authorities (eg. provincial assembly, counties, local municipalities) became an active participant in economic life, including the development of narrow- gauge railway infrastructure in Pomerania.
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In this study, two badges from the collection of Medals and Decorations of the Museum of Oltenia are presented. The two badges were awarded to the graduates of the military school of the Russian Empire. The first badge is of the “Catherine II” Cadet Corps in Moscow and can be dated between 1909-1917. The history of the “Catherine II” Cadet Corps is tumultuous and spans a period of over a century. Initially the school was founded in Shklov, its founder being Lt. Semion Gavrilovich Zorich (1743-1799), one of the favourites of Catherine II. On November 28, 1909, Tsar Nicholas II approved the badge of the Corps, which was given to the graduates, to be worn on the left side of the chest. The events of October 1917 that led to the collapse of Imperial Russia also marked the end of the “Catherine II” Cadet Corps.The second badge belongs to the “Alexandrov ” Military School in Moscow, also awarded at graduation. The beginnings of the “Alexandrov ” Military School may be placed in 1831, when the orphanage, created in a former house of Count Apraksin, was renamed the “Alexandrinsky ” Institute for Orphans, for the orphaned children of officers and soldiers. On January 27, 1850 the “Alexandrinsky” Institute for Orphans was transformed into the “Alexandrinsky” Cadet Corps and later into the “Alexandrov” Military School (1863). The newly created body was designed to educate the orphans of senior officers, of military officials and of civilians from the ranks of the aristocracy, in order to prepare the officers for the active service in all military branches. At the end of October 1917 the “Alexandrov” Military School in Moscow interrupted its operation. The school would continue to operate in exile. After its eviction from Crimea, it was transferred to Gallipoli. Between 1922-1923, the “Alexandrov” Military School functioned in Varna, Bulgaria. With regard to the badge of the military school, it was approved by Tsar Nicholas II on October 21, 1909. Numerous types/variants existed before the “October Revolution” and the period of provisional Government, including the one presented in this study.
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Through this text we try to offer an image as eloquent as possible regarding the place and the role of the periodical “Arhiva” from Iaşi, which appeared in 1889 as a result of the efforts of the previously founded Scientific and Literary Society in Iaşi. The journal played a very important role in the intellectual life within the former Moldavian capital at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. The valuable contributions to various scientific fields and the external connections established by the heads of the journal (especially A.D. Xenopol) made the periodical name quite well-known at national and international level. Therefore, also as a result of their efforts, “Arhiva” became, just like other Romanian periodicals of the time, a true bridge both between the Romanian intellectuals and the Romanian realities, as well as between the national plan and the universal one.
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The Hungarian Historical Review. Volume 7 (2018). Issue 4. Social and Institutional Structures in Transylvania (1300-1800). Special Editor of the Thematic Issue Klára Jakó.
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After the Great Union, the temporary institutions of Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Transylvania chose through decree-laws to keep the legislation of the previous state authorities, with the laws of the Old Kingdom introduced to different degrees, being more limited in Bukovina and Transylvania and more pronounced in Bessarabia. This first step in the administrative unification process, which ended on January 1st, 1926 (once the June 14th, 1925 law came into effect), was not accompanied only by assigning public offices to certain locals, but also to Romanians of the Old Kingdom. Indeed, as early as the first months after the Union, public opinion and the local elites expressed their dissatisfaction with the entry of Romanians from the Old Kingdom (regățeni) into the local administration, as well as of certain administrative practices considered to be characteristic of Bucharest (corruption, nepotism, politicization, excessive centralization to the detriment of autonomy). Our study proposes a general and concise exposition of the historical context, main characteristics, as well as causes and institutional or personal motivations which led to the assigning of some Old Kingdom civil servants to the new provinces of Greater Romania between 1918 and 1925. We will attempt to determine the significance, scale and consequences of this process.
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This article explores the international database projects, which deal with scholarly correspondence in the sixteenth to eighteenth century and investigate the Early Modern republic of letters. The author evaluates these databases’ potential contribution to research of subjects related to Bohemia. Using the example of John Amos Comenius’s correspondence, whose catalogue is part of the Early Modern Letters Online database, this contribution shows ways of using digital tools for its research and interpretation.
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This contribution follows the relation of the Prague Utraquist university to the towns of Prague and, in parallel, its relation to Ferdinand I (1526–1564), Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Czech Lands. In the power struggle between the nobles and the burghers, the university tended to side with the towns, especially with Prague. The policy of Ferdinand I was, however, openly anti-burgher, anti-town. Within this political environment, university’s good relations with the towns and cities were therefore of a diminishing importance, although in the university’s daily operations, they remained essential since most of its students were burghers. Prague university’s relations with Ferdinand I were cautious, but not openly hostile. Its relations to the towns of Prague is traced not only on the level of political connections but also in terms of their daily coexistence, which included e.g. conflicts between the justice systems of the university and the towns, repairs to university buildings, or issues pertaining to ecclesiastic administration. Despite various efforts of Utraquist estates, proposed university reforms either did not take place or were merely partial.
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After the end of the First World War, the Kingdom of Bulgaria experienced its second national catastrophe in less than a decade. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church is doing everything it can to help its suffering parish in these difficult years of testing the faith and power of the Bulgarian spirit. Provadia enters the Varna and Preslav dioceses, which at that time was consecutively headed by Metropolitan Bishop Simeon (1872-1937) and Metropolitan Bishop Joseph (1937-1988). These two spiritual leaders do everything in their power to relieve and support the life of Provadians during the period under consideration.
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Radom in the 18th century was a small town, but untill 1763 it was the seat of the Crown Treasury Tribunal, therefore it played an important role for the nobility. Stanisław August Poniatowski’s reign took away from Radom a “tribunal city” status, however in the local level it strenghtened the town’s role by establishing local dietines in it. Since the 16th century Sandomierz Voivodship, part of which was the Radom District, confered together in Opatów. Convocation Diet, establishing separate land court for the Chęciny, Opoczno and Radom Distriucts, pointed Radom as a place of the judicial officials’ elections. In 1768 an attempt to establish there deputy dietines was also taken. The 1791 reform intended in Radom envoy dietines and reducted the elective dietines constituency to the Radom District itsef. New law regulations were however in force for a few months only. In the examined period Radom was also a place of assemblies not expressed in the law, resulting from the events of the Confederacy of Bar (1769), Confederacy of Targowica (1792) and the Kościuszko Uprising (1794). In general, Radom was a place of six dietines’ sessions and three assemblies during the 1765–1794 period.
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The article, based on documents left by epistolary legacy and research papers, describes the life and socio-political activity of one of the famous Ukrainian nobility, Elizabeth Ivanivna Skoropadskaya-Miloradovich (1832-1890) who was a philanthropist, public figure and one of the founders of the Shevchenko Society in Lviv and was also the aunt of the last Ukranian Hetman, Pavlo Petrovich Skoropadsky. The article offers a methodical presentation of various references to E. Miloradovich and analyzes her political views and active public position, describes her everyday life, her entourage and her family. Furthermore it illustrates that the Miloradovich house was a real centre of scientific, public and cultural life in Poltava.
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