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The article entitled The Czech Dialectology Since the Half of 20th Century and Its Current Challenges is an overview of what the Czech dialectology has been dealing with since the Second World War up to the present. The author focuses on the major researchers and their work, on the basic tasks of dialectology and on the development of the Czech dialectological thinking in general. It marginally touches on a new political and social situation in postwar Czechoslovakia, which also brought changes to the linguistic map of this country. From the comprehensive works, the author draws attention mainly to The Outline of Czech Dialectology by Jaroslav Bělič and the collective work Czech Language Atlas (Part 1-6). The selection of sub-topics and literature to a certain extent reflects the needs and preferences of Polish bohemists.
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The paper deals with somatic idioms based on Czech lexeme ruka (hand). For the analysis a collocation v rukou (i.e. in hands) was chosen. Analyzed data come especially from Czech Radio news 1977 and 1997 (from a demo version of the platform being developed for automatic transcription and sophisticated access to historical audio archive of the Czech Radio), and from the Czech National Corpora. The analysis should demonstrate a ratio between basic and figurative meaning of the chosen collocation, its semantic profiles, and should reveal potential ideological implicit meaning.
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The present article investigates ways in which new words are formed to name objects which do not have established names in the Czech language. In particular the author focuses on vocabulary related to the Dedra e-shop, mainly kitchen appliances and objects related to cooking. The vocabulary is examined through the prism of Jaroslav Kuchar’s seminal study Word Formation in the Czech Language and the author pays attention to all ways of word-formation, including blending. The author concludes that most words in the examined vocabulary were composites, both from local Czech words and hybrids combining a Czech word with a foreign one; derivatives using the “ator” suffix were quite common too. As far as the formal/colloquial level is concerned, some words were neutral while others were colloquial, which – the author points out – seems to have been driven by a desire to be witty. The author also points out that it is not possible to assess how viable the new words will be.
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The article deals theoretically with colloquial standard discourses in media. It adduces examples of colloquial standard means on the individual levels of the language system. The production of colloquial standard texts, in which naturalness together with responsibility of the speaker play an important role, is generally described. This production is characterised in a complicated situation of spoken media. „Good speech models”, necessary after restoration of social elites after 1989, are important in media for the broad strata of population and should become a subject of linguistic research more often
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The topics of pilgrimage, wandering or roam which were the main subject of the romantic anthropological ideas often returns in Czech literature. On the one hand these topics are included into the resources of universal motifs of the Western European culture, on the other hand they represents an important strand in the contemporary discussion on the modern conditio humana. The repetition of the nomadic topics, based on the advanced chain of the intertextual connections and assumed the preliminary understanding with the reader, who is knowledgeable in a world of the prearranged meanings and ways of representations of the figure of wanderer/pilgrim/ vagrant, is an argument of the long lasting field of imagination which is connected with this figure. It i also an suitable tool for the research of the journey as a symbol of human life.
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The present paper is a direct continuation of the first part Potencionality of Quantitative and Corpus Analysis to Literary Studies – Toward Methodology (The Analysis of Themtic Fields), which was published in third number of this journal in 2016. In this study we present in detail the exploration of posibilities of interpretation using quantitative and corpus methods and illustrate the way, how specific we can use the results of the named metohod in the literary interpretation.
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In her novel Kříž u potoka (1868) Karolína Světlá applied a contrastive principle, which is seen mostly in the relationships between her characters. A part of this principle is represented by vertical space completed by a place of horror (locus horridus). The place of horror is twofold in this novel, the latter is related to the anticipant character (a holy old women). The novel is framed in two ways – in a mortal and a local way. The opening of the novel is represented by Vorgeschichte, while the rest of the story is covered in the superstitious time.
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We distinguish a lot of dialect variations among the forms of Czech possessive adjectives. Speakers often substitute a mixed declension (paradigm otcův – father´s) for a compound declension (paradigm dobrý – good) in everyday communication. The article brings attention to the fact that in case of a female possessor in the connection with masculine or neuter nouns, sometimes a colloquial ending -ě is used (Divil se babiččině důchodu – He was surprised by his grandmother´s pension) instead of a standard ending -u (Divil se babiččinu důchodu). However, this phenomenon is mentioned only by few Czech grammar books.
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The paper explores the style of a selection of contemporary Czech scientific texts representing contemporary Czech scientific discourse, which comprises professional monological monographs written in Czech in the last decade. Through exploring a re- presentative selection of texts, our research endeavoured to verify the occurrence or non-occurrence of linguistic concern which is deliberately used in contemporary Czech scientific discourse to interrupt (1) the emotional and stylistic neutrality and (2) the relative comprehensiveness, lucidity and clarity of the professional expression. Linguistic concern and stylistic activation in contemporary professional texts are in most cases signalled graphically, by quotation marks. The authors thus indicate to the recipient the occurrence of a stylistic marker, or generally dissimilarity of stylistic norms. Formal separation of the device from the text is an important dialogical means connecting the author and the recipient of scientific discourse. Most often it features simplifying terminology; (non)exact expression; complementarity; the vacillating or transient terminology in the field. The authors use quotation marks to signal graphically not only means that are contradictory to scientific style, such as professiona- lisms; expressions meaning ‘so as to say’; imprecise, ambigous and vague expressions (which in humanities and social sciences occur in the foundation text); but also means of expression conveying subjectivity and expressivity; sporadically metaphors. Humanities and social sciences even feature graphically signalled authorian detachment from the content; hyperbole; or possibly irony. The stylistic activity of the quoted means of expression consists in their manifest contextual stylistic value. Manifest activity of diverse linguistic means separated by quotation marks represent the most forceful way to activate the neutral presentation of present-day Czech profesional texts. Their frequency and stylistic activity in all excerpted monographs in the defined groups of fields confirm the authorial ambition to achieve a more original diction of professional discourse. The graphical distinction from the foundation text proves the continuous respect for the stylistic norms of theoretically professional communication.
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The article deals theoretically with colloquial standard discourses in media. It adduces examples of colloquial standard means on the individual levels of the language system. The production of colloquial standard texts, in which naturalness together with responsibility of the speaker play an important role, is generally described. This production is characterised in a complicated situation of spoken media. „Good speech models”, necessary after restoration of social elites after 1989, are important in media for the broad strata of population and should become a subject of linguistic research more often.
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