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Review of: Н. Котова, М. Янакиев. Грамматика болгарского языка для владеющих русским языком. Изд-во МГУ, 2001, 889 с.
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Review of: Ем. Пернишка. Синонимен речник на българския език (с антоними и близкозначни думи). София, 2003, 469 стр.
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Review of:W. Schmidt. Geschichte der deutschen Sprache. Ein Lehrbuch fur das germanistische Studium. Erarbeitet unter der Leitung von H. Langner und N. R. Wolf. 9., verbesserte Auflage 2004. S. Hirzel Verlag Stuttgart, 2004. 410 p.
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Review of: Ан. Петрова. Езиковата метафора и балканската картина на света. Велико Търново, Университетско издателство „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“, 2003. 350 p.
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Review of: С. Ристић, М. РадиЬ-Дугонић. Реч, смисао, сазнање (студща из лексичке семантике) Београд, 1999. 276 стр.
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Review of: Обучение без граници - език и култура (Сборник с публикации от международната научна конференция, проведена под егидата на Европейската година на езиците в Департамента за езиково обучение от 15 до 17 ноември 2001). София, 2002, 494 с.
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Research of identity politics is an important topic. Meaning of a such research increases when identity politics is controlled by specific ideologies. Identity politics of Soviet Union was aimed on forming and shaping of a new type of person – Homo Sovieticus. The most important group for manipulations were children. Literature was one of the ways of such influence, therefore, the information given to a child was carefully controlled and defined by ideology. Studying the children’s books of Soviet period may give us some valuable information about the methods and topics of influence used for forming and shaping the Soviet Identity. Comparing the different editions of the same book gives us the most interesting information. In this paper we are comparing two editions of the L. Lagin’s “Old man Khottabych”. The goal of the research is to underline differences between the original (1938) and the edited version (1955) of the book, to highlight the topics and the methods of influence. We used narrative analysis as a method of research and structuralism as a framework. The importance of the study is defined by the essence of identity politics – forming and shaping identity is a crucial part of any society. As a result of the research we can define two major groups of differences – characters (types of pioneers; Soviet civilians; image of enemy) and plot (life in Soviet Union; attitude towards past and religion; international relationships). In this article we discuss only first group of differences – differences about characters.
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The aim of the article is to present and discuss the new release from the field of contrastive phraseology research. It concerns the monograph Phraseologismen und ihre Modifikationen in den Überschriften deutscher und polnischer Pressekommentare by Mariusz Frąckowiak, which was published in 2021. The aim of Frąckowiak’s study is to use a corpus of German and Polish press comments headlines from selected daily newspapers to work out a classification of phraseologisms and phraseological modifications. In addition, the study aims to determine frequency of use of phraseologisms and phraseological modifications in examined headlines and to identify the similarities and differences in this regard. The aim of the article is to show the way in which the author realizes his research goals and what results he achieves.
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This paper analyses the translation of Japanese poetry published in Romania during the last decades of the communist regime in the form of anthologies. To this end, I will look, on the one hand, at relevant examples of literary translations, and on the other hand, at complementary sources such as translators’ forewords& after words and other materials outlining the contemporaneous theoretical discourse about the methods and aims of poetry translation. My analysis will discuss the mutual influence between theories and practices of translation emerging under the communist regime, with a focus on the period following the “cultural thaw” of the late 1960s. I will specifically concentrate on the tendencies, commonly equated with a return to the ideologically-driven socialist realism, that started after Ceaușescu’s visit to China, North Korea, North Vietnam, and Mongolia in 1971. My intention is to shed light on how translations of poetry from Japanese into Romanian—two non-Western, “minor” languages—intersected with politics, especially with socialist state ideologies and (self-)censorship mechanisms. Special attention will be paid to the fact that translations of Japanese poetry were often indirect, usually drawing from a multitude of diverse texts from French, English, Italian, and German anthologies, re-compiled by the Romanian translators.
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Review of: Michaela Praisler, Oana-Celia Gheorghiu (eds.) (2021) The Odyssey of Communism – Visual Narratives, Memory and Culture, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ISBN (10): 1-5275-6902-0, ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-6902-7, 270p.
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This study is an attempt to highlight the proximization strategies used in the Covid-19 preventive guidelines issued by the government of Pakistan. The theory of proximization (Cap 2017) has been taken as a theoretical framework for the present study and the analysis of the selected texts is guided by the spatial-temporal-axiological (STA) model (Cap 2013b). The guidelines issued by the government of Pakistan between March 25 and May 6, 2020, for the prevention of the disease have been selected as a sample for this study as they are expected to carry governmental plans for fighting the disease and the coercive strategies that have been used in order to make people act accordingly. Just like war, the situation of the pandemic spread calls for quick proposal of coercive strategies and their presentation in a way that can get the people on board with the institutional plans. With this in mind, the sample has been descriptively analyzed for the linguistic choices that indicate the spatial, temporal, and axiological proximization of the threat (Covid-19) in the light of proximization theory (Cap 2017). The results show that there are a significant number of linguistic markers that link the disease prevention discourse with the political intervention discourse, justifying the application of proximization theory (Cap 2017) to both of them. The evidence collected during the analysis establishes that the authorities use proximization strategies in disease prevention discourse in order to add to the fear appeal which helps in soliciting unconditional and quick legitimization of the proposed plan of action against the spreading disease.
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Question design by medical practitioners has been shown to have important consequences on how patients present their problems in clinical consultations. Linguistic structure of questions as part of question design implements different communicative and pragmatic functions, and hence, affects patients’ response in different ways. This study examined types of questions asked by veterinarians in the problem presentation phase of the clinical consultation in relation to their linguistic forms and functions. Veterinary illness consultations were video-recorded and veterinarians’ question types, their linguistic forms and clients’ response in the interaction were identified and examined. The results show that the general inquiry question implemented using the open-ended wh-question structure and the closed-ended declarative interrogative are the preferred forms used by veterinarians to solicit patients’ presenting problems from clients. Also, alignment of the linguistic form of questions with their pragmatic functions and the discourse goal of problem presentation affects clients’ ascription of veterinarians’ actions. The findings from the study can inform veterinarian communication training for more effective veterinarian-client communication to accomplish problem presentation in clinical consultations.
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This study attempted to investigate the persuasive meaning of metadiscourse markers in political speeches to see to what extent and how persuasive discourse is constructed in this genre through metadiscourse practices. To this aim, twenty-six political speeches given by Barack Obama, a former president of the United States, were analyzed using a discourse analytic approach and following Hyland’s (2005ab) interpersonal models of metadiscourse to identify the frequency and persuasive function of interactive and interactional devices used. The findings indicated that the persuasive meaning conveyed by metadiscourse was for the most part context-dependent, which sometimes required the speaker to rely on a combination of devices to organize his discourse, persuade audiences,attract their attention and engage them in arguments. Furthermore, interactional devices were more frequently used than interactive ones, reflecting that engaging audiences in arguments and showing one’s attitude and evaluation towards propositions were more likely to contribute to constructing a persuasive political speech. Findings can be discussed in terms of raising the awareness of second language speakers toward the linguistic and pragmatic conventions of political discourse and how persuasive discourse is constructed through metadiscourse markers.
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The novels I have translated from Romanian into Bulgarian are set between the wars and in our times. While the original and translated texts from the former span about 100 years, with the latter, it is a case of translating writers who are our contemporaries. The two epochs – the 1920s through 1930s and the years after 2010– mark the beginnings of new centuries and despite certain similarities, contained in the larger notion of modernity, these epochs also feature several national and cultural differences. By contrast, with the writers of our times, it is rather the complexity of reproducing the style of the respective author that may create difficulties. Regardless of the epoch of the source, the linguistic transference from the source into the target language inevitably deals with the cultural specifics therein and as a result is challenged to render differences in poetics, vocabulary, syntax, etc. This article presents some of the challenges I have encountered and the decisions I have made based on studies in comparative literature and translation theory as well as on my instincts of a person who has translated 21 novels – all from Romanian into Bulgarian with a single exception of one from Bulgarian into English. It also explores the correspondence of etymological cognates between the two languages and epochs.
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Healthcare practitioners often face the dilemma of whether to provide advice during medical consultations due to concerns around affecting patients’ autonomy in decision making. Healthcare practitioners’ directiveness in patient–practitioner interactions may influence the success of medical consultations. Research has revealed that healthcare practitioners employ various communicative strategies and linguistic patterns to manage directiveness in medical consultations, such as the notions of likelihood and uncertainty, use of information, and politeness. Nonetheless, few scholars have examined how psychotherapists manage directiveness in counseling or psychotherapy sessions. Directives are inevitable speech acts in counseling or psychotherapy. Therapists may encounter challenges when producing directives, such as preventing clients from seeking their own solutions or clients becoming excessively dependent on therapists’ suggestions. Drawing upon the systems of mood and modality in systemic functional linguistics, this article employs a corpus-assisted approach to investigate therapists’ directives in terms of phraseological patterns, use of modality, and corresponding interpersonal meanings. Results reveal that therapists tend to manage directiveness by forming indicative directives and using low-value modulation modality. This article is the first corpus-assisted study to contribute to an understanding of therapist directiveness in psychotherapy from a lexico-grammatical perspective.
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My article is about the Histoire de la dernière révolution de Perse by Juddas Thaddeus Krusinski which today, just like at the time of its publication, represents one of the main information sources about an event that astonished both Europe and Asia, namely the fall of Ispahan (1722). In studying this work, my research aims at understanding what kind of history Krusinski writes: Is it a providentialist history? Or is it a history explained in the terms specific of a politics which, in the 17th century, begins to be emancipated from politics? In order to answer these questions, my paper focuses on the image of the Afghans, the great conquerors of Ispahan. Humane barbarians, the Afghans are a mixture of contradictions that do not prevent them from possessing the political knowledge and skills necessary for governing the Persian empire. Though they certainly played a significant role in the major event represented by the defeat of the Safavids, the qualities of the Afghans cannot entirely explain it. According to Krusinski, the element that fully accounts for the Afghan conquest of Safavid Persia is providence. Hence, the Jesuit author establishes a fragile balance between a history seen as the result of the divine intervention and a history perceived as the result of the actions freely performed by human individuals.
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