![Научни форуми. 2015 г.](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2015_26381.jpg)
Научни форуми. 2015 г.
Data about scientific events in the field of the humanities in Bulgaria in 2015
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Data about scientific events in the field of the humanities in Bulgaria in 2015
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The article summarizes the current state of research devoted to the works of Joanna Mueller. The author of the text points out the critical impasse – the decline in interest in the poetry of Mueller, which seems to be caused by the reproduction of interpretive stereotypes about the nature of her works. In turn, the changes in the poet’s writing, which have not been taken into account in the reception, are shown on the example of the analysis of her latest volume, Hista & her sista, published in 2021. The article shows how Mueller’s poetry reveals its emancipatory potential, opposing accusations of excessive intellectualism and exaggerated formal sophistication, which has been said to mask the poet’s conservative worldview. It takes into account the context of Michel Foucault’s thought, whose concept of discourse Mueller draws on as she explores the multiple implications of the title’s notion of hysteria. Indeed, given its discursive and disciplinary nature, the poet performs a significant political subversion of the phenomenon. Hysterical women turn out to be subjects fighting for their own independence by transgressing the boundaries of the norm, while the supposed eternal immaturity of women, who were denied the right to rationality, is transformed into a positive value – it becomes the engine of a revolution.
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The article is devoted to the interpretation of selected motifs of Z. Po-wieść – the only strictly fictional work of the art critic and art theorist Mieczysław Porębski – in the context of Stefan Szymutko’s concepts and studies. This Silesian literary scholar was particularly interested in the works of Teodor Parnicki, with which the aforementioned “postmodern” historical novel is sometimes compared. Z. Po-wieść depicts the journey of the eponymous character, the reborn Z., through the history of European civilization. Such a plot illustrates the confrontation with “the great history” (history-being) and serves to create a certain overall vision. A comparative reading of Szymutko’s statements and Porębski’s book (as well as some of his other texts) highlights the problem of the relationship between history, reality and literature, which is particularly important for both protagonists of the article. While Szymutko clearly opposes literature (the domain of words) to empirical historical reality, Porębski vindicates the former as a tool for confronting historicity and defending individual existence. In spite of the cruelty of historical reality, artistic creation that corresponds with it allows for the achievement of catharsis and the only indelible “pleasure of history” (Szymutko’s formulation). According to Porębski, myth, like literature belonging to the so-called sphere of the third logical value, has a similar effect. And literaturę has the ability to give a mythic – timeless – actuality to what is incidental and ephemeral.
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The article examines the dynamics of the formation of the image of the Slovak community in Vojvodina in Slovak and Serbian political narratives from the 19th century to the present. It focuses on how its differences manifest in the (Czecho-)Slovak and Yugoslav (Serbian) context. The first part of the article explores the nationalising processes among the members of the Slovak community in present-day Vojvodina from the 19th century till the dissolution of the Habsburg Empire. The following parts are devoted to the position of the Slovak minority in Vojvodina in the conditions of the Yugoslav state in the interwar period, as well as its relations with the Czechoslovak Republic. The article also deals with the position of this community during the Second World War, in socialist Yugoslavia and after its dissolution in the early 1990s in the context of inter-state relations, but also the dynamics of intra-ethnic interactions. The paper draws on the symbolic interactionism approach, i.e. the shaping of mutual perceptions along and across ethnic boundaries and through intra-ethnic integration and differentiation practices.
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Even though the historical narrative of the (mythical) migration of Slovaks to the Vojvodina (the so called Dolná zem – “Low Land”) and the founding of a new home is based on historical facts, it contains a range of relatively stable elements of a transnationally shared myth of the search for a promised land. This myth represents one of the key memories of the Slovak minority in Serbia, shaped and maintained across time, which contributed to the creation of national unity, a distinct image, and a specific Slovak identity. The paper primarily examines qualitatively varying literary texts in Vojvodina Slovak literature of the 20th century in which this myth and related thematic and expressive means dominate. These thematic and motivic paradigms include motifs of migration, flatland, land, building a house, ancestors, and others, often portrayed in comparison to what things were like in the old homeland. These, through systematic repetition in many works of fiction and non-fiction, contributed to the construction of the myth of the promised land and the finding of a second homeland which became part of the collective memory of Vojvodina Slovaks. In this sense, one can also speak of the historical and cultural memory of the Vojvodina Slovak ethnic group and the building of a distinctive Vojvodina – “Lowland” – Slovak identity.
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This year, contemporary Bosnian language science lost Professor Senahid Halilović, one of the most important native language researchers in this area from the end of the last century and the beginning of this century, a scientist who made an immeasurable contribution in the war and postwar years in connection with the establishment and standardization of the Bosnian language. Bosnian studies is only now faced with the task of describing and evaluating everything that Professor Halilović did and contributed linguistically for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance and analyze the linguistic and methodical works of Professor Senahid Halilović, without which the teaching of the mother tongue and literature in primary and secondary schools, as well as in higher education institutions, would not be able to function today. This, first of all, refers to the Orthography of the Bosnian language from 1996 and the spelling manuals that were published immediately after that. Although he was not actually a teaching methodologist by vocation, these works were done in accordance with all contemporary methodical principles and it can be said that these works belong to the corpus of methodical Bosnian studies.
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In the article the author focuses on two pairs of ordinal numerals, namely dvojstý (codified) – dvestý (uncodified) and dvojtisíci (codified) – dvetisíci (uncodified). The main goal is to assess whether the given pairs could be classified as lexical variants. The mentioned pairs are therefore analyzed on the basis of corpus data in terms of their frequency and collocation. Morphematic and word-forming segmentation of the analyzed expressions and focus on selected types of denumeral derivatives (numerical nouns, multiple ordinal numerals) and the frequency analysis of derivatives and composites with the forms dv-oj-, dv-e- a dv-a- are presented in the article too. Based on the corpus and word-formation analyses the author then summarizes the facts that can be perceived as those supporting the variability of the mentioned expressions, and, on the contrary, those that are against this variability.
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This article presents selected issues from the history of Kashubian language orthography to justify the fact that the notation should serve the reader. Ceynowa, the creator of the literary Kashubian language, noticed that written Kashubian eliminates dialect differences and is the best transmitter of knowledge about Kashubia among the Kashubians themselves and in the world. He modelled the alphabet on the Polish one, because it was the closest Slavic language to Kashubians, since they knew it from prayer books. Even today, the identity aspect of a Kashubian-language text stands out, precisely because it is written in Kashubian.The reading of Kashubian needs to be learnt, not only at school, by implementing spelling rules. Spelling exercises (calligraphy, transcription, dictionary-phrase tasks) present a wide range of opportunities for shaping attitudes towards identity. The subject matter of the lessons and the selection of texts, including works of Kashubian literature, are of particular importance and offer a lot of possibilities for showing off. Kashubian as a school subject should prepare Kashubians for participating in their own culture; thanks to reading and writing, this participation in culture can be deepened and become more active.
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This paper presents results from an associative experiment involving 50 Spanish students studying Russian at the University of Barcelona. The aim of the survey was to diagnose images that function in their linguistic awareness about Russian culture in the broadest sense. Linguistic material was collected in the form of 484 free verbal responses to the stimuli included in the questionnaire (Russia, Russians, Russian culture, economy, foreign and domestic policy of Russia). The results of the study showed that the image of Russia and knowledge about Russian culture can be described as stereotypical and do not go beyond the information provided by the mass media.
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Usytuowane na pograniczu takich dyscyplin jak historia kulinarna, historia codzienności oraz badania nad narracją, niniejszy artykuł bazujący na jakościowej analizie treści w książce kucharskiej Moniki Sheridan pt. Monica’s Kitchen analizuje różne sposoby, w jakich czas uwidacznia się w tej publikacji. Artykuł ten ma na celu ukazanie tego, że książki kucharskie mogą stanowić cenne źródło w analizie przeszłości, teraźniejszości i przyszłości, a także wzbogacić rosnącą liczbę badań skoncentrowanych na irlandzkiej historii kulinarnej XX wieku.
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The paper summarizes several years of research on the image of the fair world of the Slavs, which is reflected in a number of written texts of various genres. It deals with the question of traditional human thought, points to its role in the formation of popular Christian thought and the value system of society, and sees itself as a reflection of the development of the Christian tradition of Europe. The symbiosis of Christian and pre-Christian values was applied in man's relationship to the traditional values of family and justice, which are reflected, for example, in Marian veneration. An important source of knowledge about the ideas and thinking of the common man about the organization of the physical world is also the diverse texts of didactic writing, such as lucidaries and collections of texts for entertaining reading, inspired by biblical events, etc.
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This article researches the image of Poland and Polish society under Russian partition before the January Uprising (1863) in the Flemish poet Albrecht Rodenbach’s play Studenten van Warschau. Poolschetaferelen (Students of Warsaw. Polish scenes, 1879). A survey of Rodenbach’s interest in Poland and his contacts with Poles is followed by an analysis of the traditional paths followed by literary scholars interpreting this drama. Rodenbach’s literary image of Poland and Polish society on the eve of the insurrection is analysed from several angles (geography, topography, language, culture, society and its institutions, political and military aspects, etc.) using the methodological framework of literary and cultural imagology. The research reveals that a new, more Polish-oriented reading of Rodenbach’s play produces a wide range of insights on various hitherto unexplained aspects of the text. It confirms the view of Rodenbach’s nuanced understanding of mid-19th century Polish culture and society, augmenting it in several important respects.
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Artykuł ma na celu odczytanie, opisanie i interpretację epitafium Franciszka Bogorii Zakrzewskiego, znajdującego się w kościele Santo Stanislao dei Polacchi w Rzymie. W tekście przedstawiono także fundatora epitafium jako osobę, dla której zostało ono wykonane, w kontekście jego służby na dworze Marii Kazimiery Sobieskiej.
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Although not the longest river in Europe, the Danube has always manifested her existence in a plurality of voices, forms and guises, tempting leaders due to her strategic geographic position and the promise of abundance, thus risking to become a bone of contention on political maps, while revealing herself as an enchantress of colours and shades, of sounds and wor(l)ds beautifully blended in spectacular artistic creations that bring her to the fore. Starting from black-and-white snapshots of the Danube, this paper looks into her occurrences as a Shape Shifter, an Alchemist, a Collector and an Art Muse as they are embodied within literary and/or artistic records.
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Writers belonging to cultures once subordinated to the Austrian Empire display a dual attitude towards the Centre: both rejection and nostalgia. These circumstances are translated into a multitude of cultural, behavioural, psychological and psycholiterary features, as well as a wide range of literary procedures. Sorin Titel, Miloš Crnjanski—as well as Danilo Kiš, Herta Müller and others—are writers who lived the moment of the disintegration of the Empire, with everything that this meant for the European literature, in general, and for the literature of the Banat region, in particular. This study examines how such writers analyse the history of the nations they belong to and the local perception of the Centre (administration, religion, political leaders) while exploring how they approach themes such as exile, migration, and the trauma of being separated from the place of birth. Moreover, it highlights the aesthetic dimensions of the literature from Banat and the presence of the Danube as a natural link associated with the Central-European space, together with other relevant hydronyms and toponyms.
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Against the backdrop of the sexual revolution that the world was undergoing and of the textual experimentation that literature was undertaking in the late 1960s, the silence of the female characters populating Victorian fiction became nothing less than audible – the source of the debate around the ‘sexual/textual politics’ to have dominated the end of the twentieth century. With The French Lieutenant’s Woman, John Fowles gives a voice to his central character, Sarah Woodruff, and, in so doing, constructs a woman who deconstructs the (predominantly male) canon. Moreover, the novelist weaves her tale into his story and thus builds successive layers of fictionality for the interrogation of outmoded patterns of thought and the associated narrative strategies – symptomatic for the late Victorian era, yet lingering in the mindset of readers a century later. To illustrate the general postmodern ‘dis-ease’ with tradition and the particular subversive manner in which Fowles challenges expectations, the present study lays focus on the cultural production of early Neo-Victorian novels, highlights parody and metafiction as recurrent modes of writing, with frequent incursions into text, context, and intertext.
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A critique of Tony Blair’s collaboration with George W. Bush in the War on Terror, Robert Harris’s The Ghost (2007) goes beyond its topical subject by exploring the connections between ghostwriting and spectrality. The unnamed protagonist of Harris’s novel is a professional ghostwriter who, after being commissioned to revamp former Prime Minister Adam Lang’s memoirs, becomes enmeshed in various forms of spectrality. While isolated with his hosts in a fortress-like compound on Martha’s Vineyard during the island’s bleak off-season, the ghostwriter experiences the Uncanny firsthand. In the end he compiles a 160,000-word book, not realizing that with the project’s completion he is signing his own death warrant by writing a work about the pursuit of truth. The novel’s coda differs from that of Roman Polanski’s 2010 film adaptation, but Harris’s narrative captures the universality of literary Gothicism.
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This article attempts to present an overview of the patterns and methods for inclusive language use in the Netherlands and the reasons behind it. The material for the analysis comes from public debates about inclusive language in the Netherlands in response to the contemporary trend towards inclusivity. By linking the material to metamodernist theory, I try to show that inclusive language is a method of describing contemporary reality by linking knowledge (from the past) to those things people experience in their daily lives, and therefore ensure that no-one is excluded in that narrative. In other words, inclusive language does not make distinctions between people based on gender, race, religion, age, or sexual preference. Aside from several available methods of inclusive language use, potential problems that can occur in such language use are also presented.
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