THE DICHOTOMY IMPLICIT / EXPLICIT LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Author(s): Mariana Gotseva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article looks into the dichotomy implicit/explicit learning and knowledge in the context of learning English as a second or foreign language, strongly influenced by the findings of experimental and cognitive psychology studies. The dichotomy originated in cognitive psychology, which differentiates between implicit and explicit learning and treats them as distinct processes, related to separate memory systems. Human beings do certain things, such as walking or making simple utterances in their mother tongue, with little insight into the nature of the processes involved, i.e. they are learned implicitly, just like birds learn to fly. Other abilities, such as calculating, playing chess or using a computer, depend on knowing how to do them, i.e. they are learned explicitly. Both cognitive psychology and language learning studies have been trying to work out what aspects of L2 can be learned implicitly and what mechanisms of explicit learning are available to learners. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) researchers, in their turn, have focused on the identification of the processes involved in the two types of learning, the ways in which they could be manipulated through instruction, and the type of knowledge resulting from these processes. The article also reviews how the dichotomy has been treated and interpreted by various fields of study, in an attempt to clarify its meaning and application to research in second language acquisition.

Зануляване, или как руско-украинският въпрос битува в България преди век

Author(s): Roman Hadzhikosev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

This article examines the discussion, which took place in Bulgaria shortly after the beginning of the First World War, between the Austrian deputy of Ukrainian origin Longin Tsechelski and Nikola Bobchev and Yaroslav Romanchuk. At the end of 1914, Tsechelsky arrived in Sofia to campaign for the support of the Ukrainian people in the struggle for independence publishing a pamphlet "How Russia "liberates" Ukraine?". It accuses Russia of having provoked the war by deceiving Serbia; of using pan-Slavic propaganda promulgating the idea of a single Slavic race; of denying Ukrainian nation the right to self-determination because it is conceived as being part and parcel of the Russian people; of not accepting Ukrainian language and Ukrainian literature as different from the Russian language and Russian literature but were instead considered to be their adjuncts, and some other similar arguments.Russophile circles in the country were immediately prompted to take action, which resulted in a response to Tsechelski with an article by Nikola Bobchev and a brochure by Romanchuk, a Ukrainian living and working in Bulgaria. Naturally, they try to refute the claims by using well-known arguments, talking about the liberating role that Russia played in fighting against Ottoman „slavery“, the Slav solidarity and the commercial interests of the West and more specifically of Austria during that historical moment. In the following year, a new answer followed in a book of more than a hundred pages by Tsechelski and another one by Romanchuk.

Stories of our Grandmothers: How Modern Ukrainian Women's Literature Deconstructs the Soviet Myth about the Great Patriotic War

Author(s): Snizhana Zhygun / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article analyses how contemporary women’s literature deconstructs the Soviet myth of the Great Patriotic War under the influence of contemporary Russian aggression. This myth defined the narrative of World War II as a heroic sacrifice of the Soviet people. As a result, the diversity of experiences was suppressed and the memory of them was not formed. Since independence, Ukrainian culture has been restoring the gaps in history and memory, which has become especially important in the context of the ongoing war. Women’s literature participates in this process by focusing on women’s experiences, which are usually marginalized in the national-focused narrative. This study aims to identify the contribution of women’s literature to the process of decolonization. The object of the study is such women’s novels as The Museum of Abandoned Secrets by Oksana Zabuzhko (as a precursor to the modern treatment of the topic), Amadoka by Sofia Andruhovych, Because it Hurts by Yevgenia Senik, Eva’s Apples by Khrystyna Kotsira and Faride by Iren Rozdobudko. The study found that women’s literature most often addresses the topics of women combatants, deportations, and the Holocaust. In this way, the authors contribute to the process of returning to national history. At the same time, the study demonstrates the complex interaction of nationality and gender in contemporary women’s literature. As women’s literature also contradicts the traditional nationally oriented discourse, emphasizing female agency and appealing to multinational experience (except Ukrainian, Jewish, and Crimean Tatar). This understanding of the theme of the Second World War by contemporary Ukrainian women’s literature creates a context for the perception of the specifically female experience of the current war and resists attempts at ideological manipulation around women’s roles.

Dyskurs glottoedukacyjny a dyskurs glottodydaktyczny. W poszukiwaniu genus proximum i differentia specifica dyskursu dotyczącego nauki języków obcych (perspektywa lingwistyki historycznej)

Author(s): Joanna Przyklenk,Irmina Kotlarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article stems from the belief in the usefulness of the discourse category used to present the transformations of communication activities in old texts, and the need to supplement linguistic descriptions of the glottodidactic process with a diachronic perspective. The text constitutes a part of the Polish studies on a diachronic discourse, and its aim is to expand the network of concepts used to describe the communication process of individuals in terms of developing competences in a foreign language and the knowledge about this language and its users being transmitted. Proposing a term other than glottodidactic to describe communication practices in the area of teaching/learning foreign languages results from the adopted diachronic perspective. Observation of old texts documenting foreign language education indicates a greater share of informal education at that time as compared to the present. Professionalization and institutionalization, which are key to the glottodidactic discourse, begin to dominate in the 20th century. This makes the term less appropriate in relation to older statements describing the discursive space of foreign language education. The understanding of the expression a glottoeducational discourse is presented against the background of taxonomies of discourse functioning in Polish literature and the conceptual scopes of the terms didactics, glottodidactics and education. This allowed us to establish that a glottoeducational discourse fits into the space of educational discourse and is a term that is broader in scope than a glottodidactic discourse. The definitional considerations are exemplified by the description of non-discursive elements in the texts of the glottoeducational discourse based on the sources illustrating the English-speaking education of Poles. The text sources in question indicate a high absorbency of the glottoeducational discourse – it is formed in close connection with an institutional and a specialist discourse, and is subject to ideological influences as well as serves identity functions.

NATURA ARTIS MAGISTRA. REPREZENTACJE PRZYRODY W ŁEMKOWSKIEJ SZTUCE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ

Author(s): Michał Szymko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2023

The aim of the article is to present the representation of nature in contemporary Lemko art. The motif of nature in Lemko art is not the subject of many studies and scientific studies. After Operation Vistula, Lemko villages were deserted. Currently, Beskid Niski is called the land of tourists, because young Lemkos leave for larger agglomerations, and older generations pass away. With the displacement of the Lemkos, the perception of nature changed - young Lemkos, working through the topic of loss, take abandoned Lemko villages and the wild nature accompanying them as their main research point. They notice the void left by their ancestors and ask clear questions about responsibility for Operation Vistula. The aim of the article is to analyze the issues of Lemko socio-cultural changes and the metaphor of nature - a symbol of the variability of fate and duration. The text was created based on collected materials, i.e. interviews, sociological research and selected examples of contemporary art dealing with the topic of the Lemko region. The works of Epifaniusz Drowniak (Nikifor Krynicki), Natalia Hładyk, Władysław Rewak, Andryj Suchorski, Ewelina Kogut and Michał Szymko were analyzed.

ЧОГО СЯ НАВЧЫШ, ВОДА НЕ ЗАБЕРЕ, ОГЕНЬ НЕ СПАЛИТ - О УЧЕНЮ У ПРИСЛОВКОХ ЗОЗ ЗБИРКИ БОЛЕСЛАВА (ВАСИЛЯ) БАВОЛЯКА

Author(s): Tomasz Kwoka / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 7/2023

The analysis of folk proverbs from Bolesław Bawolak’s book Lemko proverbs and sayings from Swiatkowa Wielka and the surrounding area provides the basis for the reconstruction of opinions on the role of teaching, learning and education in the life of Lemkos in the past, as reflected in culture and language. The linguistic representation of education in Lemko paremiology is presented based on the analysis of proverbs containing lexemes вчыти (ся) (learn), чытати (read), наука (learning), учытель (teacher), and книжка (book). Proverbs are an important part of folk culture of every nation. Recording and analysing folk sayings, cultural heritage samples, everyday customs, knowledge of the world, and sensibilities of past generations also provides the basis for studying changes these communities underwent over the years.

Definiowanie kultury inspirowane prawami człowieka w świetle zmagań o zachowanie języka ukraińskiego

Author(s): Piotr Krajewski,Paweł Onufrijuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 65/2024

Artykuł porusza kwestię kultury i dziedzictwa kulturowego pośrednio i bezpośrednio nawiązujących do praw człowieka w świetle trwającej wojny w Ukrainie. Jest namiastką ukazującą znaczenie dążeń Ukraińców do zachowania własnego języka i świadomości narodowej wskazującej na wewnętrzne przekonanie istnienia odrębności kulturowej, pielęgnowanej mimo długotrwałych nacisków zewnętrznych.Celem artykułu jest poruszenie kwestii znaczenia (w odniesieniu do praw człowieka) kultury narodu, której najbardziej naturalną emanacją jest jego język; chodzi o problem, z jakim zmaga się „od zawsze”, doświadczając zewnętrznej presji imperializmu kulturowego.Wieloletnie i dramatyczne w swych konsekwencjach działania administracyjne i prawne Rosji uderzające w środowiska intelektualne i w samą kulturę, nie przyniosły spodziewanych rezultatów; nie dały ich również próby propagowania subiektywnie prezentowanych wersji wydarzeń historycznych mających usprawiedliwiać naciski i zmagania o rozszerzenie własnej sfery wpływów. W końcu, podkreśla też wagę zachowania dziedzictwa kulturowego Ukrainy, jako elementu, który, jeżeli zostanie zniszczony, nie powróci już do stanu sprzed konfliktu zbrojnego; będzie dowodem pogwałcenia praw człowieka.

Службата на Йосиф Химнограф за мъченик Мелетий Стратилат и дружината му във византийската и средновековната южнославянска химнографска традиция

Author(s): Dorotei Getov,Mariya Yovcheva / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian Issue: 69-70/2024

With the present work, we offer the editio princeps of a little-known, 9th c., Byzantine poetic text, based on five Greek witnesses (Atheniensis, EBE 558, Parisinus, BNF gr.1569, Atheniensis, EBE 841, Petropolitanus, РНБ Ф. 906, гр. 528 and Patmiacus 806A). For the first time, too, we print under every Greek hymnographic unit the corresponding texts of two Slavonic translations as witnessed in three manuscripts. The edition itself is preceded by our introductory observations and analysis of the textual history of the Office for Meletios Stratelates and companions. In it, the general characteristics of the works, poetics and the language of its author, Joseph the Hymnographer, are outlined and special attention is paid to the rich hagiographical material, presumably at the disposal of Joseph, for reshaping it into his hymnographic text, as documented also in the critical apparatus. Besides, attention is drawn to the two South Slavic translations of this Office. Unknown till now, they yield data which are indicative of the localization and chronology of their entry into the Slavonic milieu. The first translation, placed on May 24 in the Second Menaion of Dobriyan (codex 1/5 of Odessa National Scientific Library, 2nd half of the 13th c.), appears in the 13th c. during the formation of the Turnovo version of the Office Menaion, centered in or around the capital of Bulgaria. The second translation is registered on June 10 in three Serbian Menaia of the end of the 13th – beginning of the 14th c. (ЦИАИ 501, БРАН 4.5.10. (Сырку 2) and Хлуд. 156, ГИМ in Moscow), dependent on the Euergetis Typikon. Most probably it was made in the 13th c. during the process of liturgical reform by St. Sava of Serbia. When juxtaposed, the two Slavic translations show how well those men of letters manage to render the semantics and poetics in the Greek work, on the one hand, and outline differences in their approaches as translators, on the other. The material under review testifies that the Serbian litteratus reproduces relatively accurately the Greek text and, as a result, he has succeeded in following the Greek original to a greater extent in terms of form and content. The version of ОННБ 1/5 teems with imprecise and vague renderings of words and phrases, and thus not only the poetic and literary value of the text of Joseph the Hymnographer is lost, but also the meaning of a number of troparia is simplified, distorted or rendered difficult to comprehend.With the present work, we offer the editio princeps of a little-known, 9th c., Byzantine poetic text, based on five Greek witnesses (Atheniensis, EBE 558, Parisinus, BNF gr.1569, Atheniensis, EBE 841, Petropolitanus, РНБ Ф. 906, гр. 528 and Patmiacus 806A). For the first time, too, we print under every Greek hymnographic unit the corresponding texts of two Slavonic translations as witnessed in three manuscripts. The edition itself is preceded by our introductory observations and analysis of the textual history of the Office for Meletios Stratelates and companions. In it, the general characteristics of the works, poetics and the language of its author, Joseph the Hymnographer, are outlined and special attention is paid to the rich hagiographical material, presumably at the disposal of Joseph, for reshaping it into his hymnographic text, as documented also in the critical apparatus. Besides, attention is drawn to the two South Slavic translations of this Office. Unknown till now, they yield data which are indicative of the localization and chronology of their entry into the Slavonic milieu. The first translation, placed on May 24 in the Second Menaion of Dobriyan (codex 1/5 of Odessa National Scientific Library, 2nd half of the 13th c.), appears in the 13th c. during the formation of the Turnovo version of the Office Menaion, centered in or around the capital of Bulgaria. The second translation is registered on June 10 in three Serbian Menaia of the end of the 13th – beginning of the 14th c. (ЦИАИ 501, БРАН 4.5.10. (Сырку 2) and Хлуд. 156, ГИМ in Moscow), dependent on the Euergetis Typikon. Most probably it was made in the 13th c. during the process of liturgical reform by St. Sava of Serbia. When juxtaposed, the two Slavic translations show how well those men of letters manage to render the semantics and poetics in the Greek work, on the one hand, and outline differences in their approaches as translators, on the other. The material under review testifies that the Serbian litteratus reproduces relatively accurately the Greek text and, as a result, he has succeeded in following the Greek original to a greater extent in terms of form and content. The version of ОННБ 1/5 teems with imprecise and vague renderings of words and phrases, and thus not only the poetic and literary value of the text of Joseph the Hymnographer is lost, but also the meaning of a number of troparia is simplified, distorted or rendered difficult to comprehend.

Екатерина Дикова. Ритъм и наратив. Календарните двустишия на Христофор Митиленски и техните южнославянски преводи. София: Институт за балканистика с Център по тракология, Българска академия на науките, 2023.

Author(s): Vassya Velinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 69-70/2024

Публикации по старобългарска литература и култура, излезли в България през 2023 г.

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 69-70/2024

Linguistic Technologies in Branding: Artistic Variations at the Biennale Arte in Venice 2024

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The research aims to establish the role of language in the branding of national, transnational and regional identities in the works of art selected for the Venice Biennale 2024. The analysis shows that the notion of language as a unifying concept of national identity is greatly shaken. The use of text in works of art shows the clash and destruction of traditional values and identities. In most national pavilions and individual participants, the theme is the return to or push away from traditional identities. The texts in the works of art are monolingual, discussing the problems of colonialization, women's and transgender identity, and multilingual, thematizing the increasing feeling of alienation in a globalized world based on gender, religious, etc. differences. The use of intentional language variants or speech imitations suggests the person's inability to talk about the suffering and violence, as well as to connect with others.

КОГНИТИВНИ МОДЕЛИ НА ВРЕМЕТО В ЕЗИКОВАТА КАРТИНА НА СВЕТА

Author(s): Krasimira Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

The article provides an overview of different cognitive models of the concept of TIME as a part of our linguistic picture of the world. In our consciousness these models coexist and complement each other, and in everyday life in different situations we switch from one model to another.

Рецензия на книгата на: Стефка Петкова-Калева „Феноменология на празното в езика и речта (върху материал от българския и руския език). Избрани трудове.“ Шумен: УИ „Епископ Константин Преславски“, 2024. 177 с.

Author(s): Velka Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

In memoriam Стефка Янчева Петкова-Калева (1961-2023)

Author(s): Irena Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Oświeceniowa koncepcja nauki Andrzeja Trzcińskiegow Uwagach na Rozprawę o krytyce Stanisława Kostki Potockiego

Author(s): Milena Cygan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2024

The article discusses the concept of science proposed by Andrzej Trzciński (1749–1823), a Krakow professor of physics during the Enlightenment era. In 1811, he published Uwagi na Rozprawę o krytyce Stanisława Kostki Potockiego [Remarks on Stanisław Kostka Potocki’s Treatise on Critique]. Typically, this text has been perceived by researchers as insignificant, malicious remarks directed at Potocki (1755–1821) and his dissertation.The aim of this article is to show that behind the arguments presented in Uwagi... lies a vision of science, as well as culture and art, distinct from Potocki’s.Firstly, the article introduces the Krakow scholar and explains why he remains relatively unknown. Then, based on an analysis of Uwagi... and comparisons with Potocki’s Critique, it indicates that Trzciński was an advocate of empiricism, a critic of classicism (advocated by Potocki), and a scholar who drew inspiration from sentimentalism and the views of J. J. Rousseau. True to Enlightenment ideals, Trzciński advocated research into Nature, believing that the natural sciences take precedence over other disciplines because they are useful (by facilitating life, improving the quality of life, and serving the common good). Fine arts and aesthetics, according to Trzciński, are reserved for the few and bring limited benefits to society, primarily providing pleasure and entertainment.Moreover, the article also raises the issue of Polish scientific and academic language.

Виртуалният дискурс – проекция на реалната комуникация

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Virtual discourse is a new stage of modern communication. This publication examines the specifics of communication in the context of the changing communication space. The specifics of virtual communication stand out against the background of the real one, different aspects of virtual discourse are highlighted. Some positives and negatives are revealed, as well as the correlation between virtual and real communication.

Специфика перевода фразеологических единиц (на материале русского и болгарского языков)

Author(s): Tatyana Terzieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

The article is devoted to the main problems of translating phraseological units on the material of Russian and Bulgarian languages. Translation of phraseological units is one of the most difficult issues of translation activity, because when translating these linguistic units there is not just a replacement of one language for another, but there is a collision of different cultures and traditions. Therefore, to achieve a high-quality translation, the translator must not only have an excellent command of both the source and target languages but also be capable of comparing and considering the cultural and national specifics of these languages. Despite the fact that this problematic attracts the attention of many linguists, it is understudied and underdeveloped, and requires in-depth analysis both in theoretical and applied aspects.

Рецензия на монография: Николова Д. Г. „Лингвокультурный аспект современной компьютерной термино-логии (на материале русского и болгарского языков)“

Author(s): Stefana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

IN MEMORIAM Валентина Аврамова (1944–2024)

Author(s): Tatyana Terzieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Маргинализираният друг в три куиър романа от славянските литератури през новото хилядолетие

Author(s): Nedyalko Zhelev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The paper provides an analysis of prominent Slavic gender literary works from the past two decades, with the focus being on the portrayal of marginalized individuals who experience discrimination. It explores how representatives of this marginalized subculture strive for societal acceptance and the challenges they encounter during the journey of recognition and embracing their unique identities. Furthermore, the text investigates the prevailing attitudes toward LGBTQ+ individuals within the Slavic cultural context. Its objective is to identify commonalities in plot structures and conflict scenarios found in these literary works.