Z salonów do sieci. Dyplomaci w świecie mediów (Rekonesans)

Author(s): Małgorzata Kita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is a reconnaissance in the area of complex issues of diplomacy language, a preliminary study and identification of issues for more detailed research from the linguistic perspective. The scientific exploration of the diplomatic language seems to be a promising theoretical-methodological and research (analytical) undertaking. It is a specialized code with a large background of tradition, used by a group that is very sensitive to the form of the created text, aware of the performativity of the utterance and the sense of responsibility for the effects and consequences of their linguistic activity. Modern anthropological linguistics – those branches that accept the over-disciplinarity of research into a complex object (this is important, because the description of the language of diplomacy cannot be limited to the linguistic aspect only) – provide research tools capable of reaching the essence of the language of diplomacy.

Судьба высокого стиля в публичном дискурсе: Попытка сопоставительного анализа

Author(s): Zoja Nowożenowa / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In the article the author examines the stylistic category of “high style” from the perspective of its functioning in public discourse. Theoretical condition of the issue makes it possible to define it as a stylistic connotation of the word and/or as an axiological textual modality. The parameters of public discourse are defined and realization of the “high style” category is described in different sectors of public discourse (diplomatic, religious, journalistic). The author also shows historical determinacy of the category and possibility of its comparative analysis.

O dyskursie (nie)parlamentarnym w polskim Sejmie

Author(s): Anna Zych,Andrzej Charciarek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the issue of the features of Polish parliamentarians’ utterances during the sessions of the Sejm. The authors refer to the studies and observations of leading contemporary researchers of political discourse and public communication. As it turns out, the utterances presented on the basis of transcripts from parliamentary sessions and descriptions of the behaviour of the parliamentarians are in contradiction not only to the rules governing the meeting room, but even to the generally accepted rules of social coexistence. The article discusses the linguistic phenomena of this particular type of discourse, determining on their basis the inter-party and even interpersonal relations holding in the Sejm of the Republic of Poland.

Pojęcie patriotyzmu w polskim i rosyjskim dyskursie parlamentarnym

Author(s): Ewa Kapela / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The present draft is an attempt to reconstruct the discursive image of the term “patriotism” based on the assumptions of Jerzy Bartmiński’s cognitive definition. The chapter presents the historically and ideologically conditioned changes in the meaning of the Polish noun patriotism and Russian noun патриотизм and their axiological ambiguity. The understanding and value of patriotism in Polish and Russian society has been discussed. The main research material are stenographic reports from the meetings of the Polish Sejm and the Russian State Duma covering the period from January 2017 to February 2018. On their basis, a proposal for a cognitive definition of the concept of patriotism has been formulated.

Styl religijny we współczesnej polszczyźnie (na tle własnej historii i uwikłań dyskursywnych)

Author(s): Maria Wojtak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the categories of discourse, style and genre as phenomena that permeate and mutually elucidate one another. The contemporary religious style is presented as a resultant of impacts of: (1) traditional communication scenarios and other elements of discourse as well as the related genre formulas, (2) modification of this tradition that was shaped as early as in the Middle Ages, (3) deviation from the abovementioned heritage. Presenting an analysis of the oldest fixed-formula prayers, their modern versions and referring to works that show breaching of the genre code of both the prayer and the prayer book, the author describes basic transformations of the religious discourse (in its cult version) and the evolution of selected religious communications.

Ewolucja polskiego dyskursu religijnego Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego – na podstawie dwóch wydań Śpiewnika kościelnego ks. Jana Siedleckiego

Author(s): Kazimierz Ożóg / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Contemporary Polish religious discourse in its verbal layer oscillates between two tendencies. On the one hand, it is a striving for a solemn, truly sacral word, established by tradition, spectrified, ritualistic, emphasizing the uniqueness of the relationship between man and God. On the other hand, it is natural for people to strive to refresh their linguistic means, to modernise them so that they better reflect the intellectual and emotional situation of today’s man. This can be seen in the changes in the syntax of sacral texts, in the use of colloquial and environmental elements.

Metafory Kościoła we współczesnym dyskursie katolickim

Author(s): Marzena Makuchowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the metaphors of the Church that the Catholic Church uses in its own contemporary discourse. The term Church (Latin: ecclesia) has been represented for centuries by means of images, so their rich and well-known stock (vineyard, fold, ark etc.) has already been created. The author, however: 1) focuses on metaphors that create the image of the so-called the post-Conciliar Church, contained in the documents of the Second Vatican Council and in the statements of Pope Francis, 2) shows the use of conventional images in their traditional form, but also in new meanings, 3) extracts conceptual metaphors (Lakoff, Johnson 2010), whose metaphorical character is not even noticed, and which play an important role in teaching about the nature of the Church and its mission today.The main presentation of the results is preceded by a discussion of the metaphor function in religious language and in teaching about the Church. The subject of religious language is the transcendent world, inaccessible to human cognition, so it is believed that metaphors are means of indirect speaking about this world, so that it becomes imaginable and understandable for people. S. Sztajer (2009) sees the more radical role of the metaphor, claiming that (along with the symbol and myth) metaphors construct, and do not describe the world of the sacred, do not extract similarities between the initial and source domains, but they produce these similarities. In Catholic teaching, the Church is a dual nature: supernatural and earthly. Metaphors are needed above all for the supernatural. As the research shows, they draw from ordinary human experience, but are also consciously modeled, in accordance with doctrinal teaching and in a way that is to arouse positive feelings for the Church, inspire specific attitudes and actions.In the analytical part, the following metaphors are discussed in turn: the Church is the 􀄕eo􀄕le of God, the Church is the 􀄕eo􀄕le 􀄕ilgriming on the way, the Church is a container, the Church is a mother, the Church is a 􀄕erson (mother and father), the Church is a bride of Christ. The metaphor of God’s people emphasizes the community’s vision of the Church and close relationship with God. In the image of pilgrimage, God/Christ is a destination, a guide and a companion. Pope Francis positively values spaces off the road (other roads, the edge of the road, the periphery, wilderness) where the Church should go to reach all people. As a container (mainly the house of the Father), the Church is to have the door opened, both for Christ who wants to go outside, and for people, so that they can enter inside. Personifications (mother, father, bride) primarily evoke the image of relationships characterized by emotional closeness, love and mercy. Francis does not continue the traditional representations of the severity of God the Father contrasted with the gentleness of Mary Mother, and the Pope’s God shows maternal features. The image of the Mother Church in the conciliar documents also combines female and male traits, reaching far beyond the traditional stereotype of the mother realizing herself at home. As one of the world organizations, the Church is the subject of international public life, taking part in matters of very high rank, and its activities are institutional. The Church performs advanced mental activities (considers, considers, recognizes, values, etc.), expresses firm will (proclaims, rejects, strictly forbids etc.), its image thus exhibits the features stereotypically attributed to a man who has important functions in world.There are two conclusions: 1) metaphors not only allow us to think and talk about the Church, but also to create its desired image. The feeling of “adequacy” of this image and the power of persuasion derives from fitting not with the supernatural world, but with the reality of this world and deeply grounded (e.g. in stereotypes) human knowledge about how it works; 2) the need of today is the Church serving people here and now, in this world and in this life, and not only in eternity or after death. That is why there are no metaphors with eschatological meanings.

Homo mysticus в публичной христианской беседе (лингвопрагматический аспект)

Author(s): Anna Petrikova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In this syncretical research, the author, using conversation analysis reveals the language tools regulating the personal mystical experience of the Christians as interacting subjects of the Christian discourse. On the example of interlocutions as one of the genres of the public discourse, the ways of speech acts organisation, function of blessing, greeting, particles which are the subject of linguo-pragmatics research are shown. The text highlights the issue of holding the principles of cooperation in the dialogical nature of the Christian interlocutions. The methodological basis of the research is the integrative approach combining modern achievements of text linguistics, functional stylistics, linguo-pragmatics, cognitive-conceptual and discursive directions of linguistics, philosophical hermeneutics, Orthodox and Catholic theology. The research also defines such concepts as: interlocution as a dialogical genre; media text in the Christian medial space; communicant of Christian discourse: a discursive identity; the Christian’s mystical experience; Christian consciousness; speech act; deep performative utterance; principle of cooperation.

Переводной дискурс и интертекстуальность

Author(s): Zdenka Vychodilova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The draft is devoted to various aspects of intertextuality in relation to translation discourse. The author discusses conceptual and terminological problems (definitions and differentiation of the terms discourse, intertextuality, translation strategy). Above all, however, she attempts to demonstrate how intertextuality, being an artistic means, manifests itself in the process of translation, to what modifications its functions are subjected after being transferred to a different cultural and linguistic environment. The author analyses different approaches to solving the aforementioned issues both from the diachronic perspective as well as from the point of view of contemporary translation studies. She verifies theoretical assumptions against the linguistic material of contemporary Russian fiction and its translations into the Czech language.

Jakoby w dyskursie prasowym

Author(s): Aleksandra Krawuczka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Balet Giselle w reinterpretacji Matsa Eka jako środek ,,wypatrywania’’ tożsamości

Author(s): Magdalena Juźwik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Giselle — one of the canonical Romantic ballets, has received many interpretations and reinterpretations. Mats Ek, a Swedish choreographer created in 1982 a Giselle which is radically different from the Romantic prototype. It is in this difference that one should look for hidden meanings, existential and philosophical senses. Can the choreographic narrative be a message? Can the language of dance, movement, gesture and sound be a carrier of identity, history, memory? What cultural and philosophical meanings should be “look out for” in the reinterpreted ballet? The subject of the article is the ballet Giselle in the reinterpretation of Mats Ek. The key to reading hidden meanings in this ballet work are the theories of the French philosopher Michael Foucault on the subject of identity, history and memory. What links Ek’s work to Foucault’s theories? What “gaze” should be involved in the reinterpreted ballet? If we treat Giselle ballet as a means of gazing outward, then the goal should be identity — the question is what identity? Is it really a goal?

Co widać w literaturze elektronicznej i co dzięki temu wiemy?

Author(s): Michał Wilk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Dzieła filozoficzne jako quasi‑poradniki. Poradniki jako zapośredniczona odmiana poradnictwa

Author(s): Ewelina Zygan / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to indicate the receptive character of philosophical works. Importantly, these works are considered as quasi‑self- help books. The text raises the issues of combining philosophical content with the genological characteristics of a guidebook position, and in this perspective, an exemplary analysis of the ancient philosophical work is presented; namely the Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle — a text in which one may find numerous pieces of advice, constituting a fundamental element of the genre which is a self-help book.

Rola świadectwa w personalistycznej filozofii wychowania. Ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem stanowiska Józefa Tischnera

Author(s): Michał Stachurski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present one of the most important tools in terms of personalistic philosophy of education — witness. This tool is most often associated with theology, for example, the witness of the first martyrs, or the witness of Christians who are persecuted today. However, this term has a much broader meaning, especially for the upbringing process in families as well as in schools or other social groups that are responsible for shaping the spirit of a young person. The article is divided into two main parts. The first one is focused on methodology. The most important concepts concerning the subject matter are defined. The second part refers to the explanation of the meaning of Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic of testimony/witness, and then the personalist concept of witness will be presented along with the thought of the Cracow philosopher of dialogue, Józef Tischner.

Lekcja krytycznego myślenia Filozofia w szkole

Author(s): Katarzyna Myrcik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In 2018 Polish Ministry of National Education published the ordinance defining the curriculum of philosophical education. It is a big challenge for teachers and universities involved in preparing students for the profession of philosophy teacher. The author presents range of possible teaching methods and techniques useful in philosophical education correlated with the history of Ancient philosophy. She focuses on the need for dialogue and conducting interesting lessons during which the young person will have the opportunity to discuss issues, ask questions, think logically and critically.

Ćwiczenia z nieposłuszeństwa Thoreau — Dickinson

Author(s): Tomasz Pawlus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Exercises in disobedience is a project whose ambition is to answer the question: Is reflection on civic society possible in teacher’s didactic work? The author claims that every lesson of the Polish language, during which the text and conversation are present (regarding text and world), to a lesser or greater extent, more or less consciously touches this problem. Reading in school is above all an activity that takes place thanks to the community and is constantly performed in the face of power which is institutionalized knowledge in the form of curriculum.

Towarzysze modlitwy. Wiersze anielskie Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Katarzyna Niesporek-Klanowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is interpretation of Jerzy Liebert’s poems with angelic characters. By their appearance in the writings of the author of Gusła [Hexes], they always perform tasks entrusted to them by God, namely, that of an envoy, leader, teacher, harbinger. Mysterious characters from the sphere of sacrum are the answer of the Absolute to poetic prayers told by the subject. They introduce the lyrical “I” into mystical elation, they inflict pain, they constitute a voice of the subconscious and reason. They are characters “presented while acting, performing their mission.” Angels never fully reveal themselves to the poet. The lyrical “I” somehow anticipates their presence, hears the angelic voice and songs, yet it is not allowed to see heavenly beings face to face, to experience full epiphany, visual revelation. However, the ongoing spiritual battle proofs the authenticity of his religious experiences.

Liryki dramatyczne Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Joanna Warońska-Gęsiarz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Jerzy Liebert is known predominantly as a poet, yet in his oeuvre we can also find drama pieces. The article provides an analysis of three poems that comprise polyphonic lyrical poetry: Dialog między poetą i panną [Dialogue between a Poet and a Maiden], Kuszenie [Temptation], and Anioł pokoju [Angel of Peace]. The selected pieces consist of dialogues only, which deprives them of the lyrical subject’s commentary and leads to confrontation of the almost diametrically opposed worldviews. The resolution of the agon is dependent on the character’s language ability. The selected poems-dialogues by Liebert depict his struggle with the roles imposed on him – that of a human and of a poet. The artist makes use of the models established in Romanticism and Young Poland (an important context of Wyspiański’s Wesele [The Wedding]), ponders upon poetic word, searches for ultimate truths, yet at the same time, he needs the recognition of his readers. Dramatic lyrical poems reveal liminal moments, where the decision of accepting a role is made. They become a written record of the illumination, epiphany and some training preparing him to face particular challenges, when both good and evil are “given as the sense” in his encounters with that which is unknown.

Pytania stawiane sobie? Do poety Jerzego Lieberta – próba lektury

Author(s): Jan Piotrowiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In its pastiche character of a poetic colloquim with the author of Srebrne i czarne [Silver and Black], a poem by Jerzy Liebert Do poety [To the Poet] introduces two counter- effects: his own self-portrait and a portrait of Lechoń. This gesture of the portraitist discloses something irritatingly dispatching and, at the same time, disturbingly concealing. Not only does Liebert raise doubts (“what if…”), basically framing his artistic self-consciousness, but also liberates himself from the cumbersome protection of Skamander. This temerity of looking into poetic looking-glasses, one’s own and those of others, allows him to rich full independence of artistic means, which will reveal itself in the later artistic period.

Gorycz wina. O wierszu Colas Breugnon Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Iwona Gralewicz-Wolny / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In an interpretative essay devoted to a poem by Jerzy Liebert Colas Breugnon, the author of the article searches for the signs of affirmation, which – as it seems – should permeate into the poem by means of intertextual dialogue. Such a dialogue is held with a famous novel by Romain Rolland, considered as a manifesto of life optimism. The relation that seems to have conjoined these two texts is less obvious than one could think. A figure of Colas Breugnon served Liebert not only to demonstrate the eulogy of life in all its positive aspects but also to point to the hardships in one’s faith in God that required from man the acceptance of also those experiences that are beyond the delights of life.