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Orędzia noworoczne prezydentów III RP — cele i sposoby oddziaływania (na wybranych przykładach)

Author(s): Danuta Kępa-Figura / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article analyses New Year’s Messages delivered by the Presidents of Poland under the 3rd Republic. The analysis focuses on the linguapragmatic aspect of the New Year’s Message and the type of impact (that is the type of the realized communication intention of the sender, including assessment of its communicative impact) that this text genre has on the audience. It has been shown that the communicative impact of the New Year’s Message as a propaganda macro-act relies not only on the choice of the systemic means of persuasion, but also on the use of partial communicative micro-acts to construct the final effect. The persuasive power attributed to these acts causes it that the functions of the micro-acts involved are directly suboridnate to the main propaganda intention, which makes the New Year’s Message an effective tool in realizing propaganda objectives.

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Autoprezentacja polityczek w mediach audiowizu

Author(s): Aleksandra Hulewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to analyze the situation of women politicians who want to consciously create their public image in audiovisual media. The theoretical background on which these considerations are based is Gregory Bateson’s double-binding theory, which describes sending the contradictory messages belonging to different levels of communication (e.g. verbal and nonverbal levels). The effect of this kind of — often unintelligible — sender’s behavior is the dilemma experienced by the recipient (“What kind of reaction will be adequate?”), which cannot be effectively resolved. In the opinion of the authoress of the article, women on significant positions in political life meet such mutually exclusive expectations, which put them in a far more difficult situation (e.g. in the course of electoral rivalry) comparing to male politicians’ one.

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Prezenterzy magazynu śniadaniowego Kawa czy herbata? w kontekście autoprezentacji

Author(s): Ewelina Tyc / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents an analysis of the hosts of the “Kawa czy herbata?” [Coffee or tea?] morning show in the context of self-presentation. The morning show was broadcast on TVP 1 channel between 1992 and 2013, i.e. for 21 years. It was a period of significant change not only in the Polish television but also in the mass media, which also impacted the roles and images of journalists and TV hosts.

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Naukowiec kontestator, czyli strategie autoprezentacyjne zastosowane przez Andrzeja Bańkowskiego w Etymologicznym słowniku języka polskiego

Author(s): Violetta Jaros / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is a description of self-presentation strategies used by Andrzej Bańkowski in his Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego. Analysis showed that narrative self is omnipresent, although the author does not reveal himself directly (lack of personal forms of verbs in 1st person singular). On the contrary, the author hides his presence by using forms such as he and inclusive we, or impersonal forms of passive voice and construction of 3rd person singular and reciprocal pronoun self. Analysed scientific idiolect of the etymologist is characterised with emotional investment, revealed without formal presentation of the author as the experiencer of certain internal states, which is achieved by using evaluative vocabulary, colloquialisms, phraseological phrases, labels, biblical borrowings, and rhetorical figures.

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Metafora i porównanie jako elementy spajające i identyfikujące wizerunek polityka — ujęcie konfrontatywne

Author(s): Anna Zekin-Kompanowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In political discourse, metaphor serves an ornamental function as a feature of an individual’s style but also or, perhaps, above all it is a fundamental argumentation tool. Numerous language researchers have discussed metaphor in this regard. The author of this paper intends to highlight the vital identificatory and consolidating role played by metaphor and simile in contemporary political speeches. The type of symbols used by a politician provides important clues as to what kind of person they are, their education and political beliefs. Moreover, an analysis of several dozen speeches delivered by prime ministers in the last twenty-five years reveals that apart from stereotypical metaphors used by many speakers, there are also metaphors that distinguish a particular person from others. Unique similes contribute to a consistent media profile and constitute a distinctive feature of a politician. The aim of this paper is to make a contrastive comparison of several cases of using metaphor and simile in constructing a political image to remain in public awareness even after a person abandons political career.

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Rola środków masowego przekazu w formowaniu wizerunku ukraińskich liderów politycznych: analiza retrospektywna

Author(s): Svetlana Kozyryatska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The specificity of Ukraine’s media space was observed: the use of mass media as a tool for creation of political leader’s image. The real (natural) characteristics of the political leaders’ images as well as the desired (phantom) characteristics are observed: 1) those, that were created spontaneously; 2) those, that were created artificially, with the use of mass media irrational elements (archetypes, myths, dynamical stereotypes, mentality, traditions, political technologies and so on). The article deals with the specificity of the work of Ukrainian media, that influences the image’s presentation of one or other politician: the realization of the government’s influence on the redaction policy of the TV-channels in 1990th and the influence of “political preferences” of the TV-channels’ owners, that belong to business structures, in 2000th. The two ways of the creation of political leader’s image were established: 1) autopresentation in mass media, 2) presentation of the opponent’s image by means of mass media.

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Wizerunek rodzin nieheteronormatywnych w polskich mediach

Author(s): Anna Jawor / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Non-heteronormative families represent the most explicit example of postmodern changes within family life. For the traditionalists these changes are a sign of serious crisis, if not a decline, of family. It is estimated that in Poland there are over 50 000 non-heteronormative families. Although they have already became an object of the sociological research, the journalists were the first who noticed them. The aim of this paper is to show how Polish media present the image of non-heteronormative families. There is just a presentation of Polish families but for others there is a promotion of Evil.

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Gra obrazem i słowem w modyfikowaniu wizerunku osób znanych w mediach elektronicznych (portal Interia.pl)

Author(s): Wioletta Kochmańska,Maria Krauz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Authors discuss the games run by the media broadcaster in a multimodal transmission consisting of words and images depicting the profiles of famous people. The purpose of the analysis is to show the relationship between the image and the text, the ways of organizing the linguistic means of interaction between the sender and the receiver. They are seeking answers to the question whether the games only serve the purpose of raising the receiver’s interest sporadically, or they stimulate them to repeatedly and systematically read the analyzed message.

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Pracownicy z pokolenia 50+ w elektronicznych protokołach rozpraw sądowych

Author(s): Elwira Olejniczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted analysis of situation of oldest person, who contest on judicial way about different services. Electronic protocols of judicial debates present material from 2013. Materia included many valuable and current information about social, material, professional, legal situations and health conditions of oldest inhabitants of Lodz and region. Analysis of protocol present different social problems, which have Polish people over 50 years old.

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Mieczysława Mitera‑Dobrowolska – twórczyni katowickiej Katedry Dydaktyki Polonistycznej

Author(s): Zofia Adamczykowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is a memory of Professor Mieczysława Mitera-Dobrowolska, the founder of the Chair of Linguistic Didactics and Polish Literature of the University of Silesia in Katowice. In the text devoted to the researcher, the author recalls not only the professor’s biography, but also the methods of working with students she that had developed, as well as a reflection on the condition of university didactics.

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Przeciw interpretacji? Szkolna lektura a wiedza literaturoznawcza

Author(s): JACEK KANIEWSKI / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text considers the influence of the knowledge and interpretation of literature, as it is on the curriculum, on interpretation of art in the school. The author asks what type of prescribed reading has been introduced by documents regulating formal education in High School and how the method of interpretation of an art piece impacts students’ reading motivation. This study considers programs that have been in place since 1970 and indicates that prescribed readings are treated in an instrumental way, which has a negative impact on students’ reading motivation. How prescribed readings are used in the Matura exam was also used to emphasise the discussed processes.

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Parafraza czy interpretacja?

Author(s): Krzysztof Biedrzycki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Cleanth Brooks refused to treat an interpretation as a paraphrase. He understood a paraphrase as an indication of the ‘real’ core of the text’s sense, and its expression in non-literary language. This often results in the fact that the poem or novel is replaced by the paraphrase. Bartosz Brożek says a paraphrase is the essence of an interpretation. In his concept, it is an expression of the text’s sense in an alternative way, only one out of a numerous different possibilities. Both ideas could be reconciled. Brożek describes a general rule, Brooks – a particular case of adopting one paraphrase as an ultimate text’s explanation. The interpretation of the poem The Envoy of Mr Cogito by Zbigniew Herbert is an example of the simplifying paraphrase in Brooks’ meaning and various possible paraphrases in Brożek’s understanding.

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Społeczna odpowiedzialność edukacji polonistycznej

Author(s): Magdalena Ochwat / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The title of my article refers to the concept of Social Responsibility of Universities. Solidarity in thinking, ultimately humanistic, based on caring for others and being interested in their lives, is becoming crucial in education. It is the school, and especially Polish language classes that should provide a general framework for permanent debate on social issues that are filled with solidarity and empathy. That is why I decided to reflect on a series of publications that could perfectly fill the gap and provide relevant, up-to-date, multinational, civic-minded texts. Out of a myriad of excellent reporters rated for their social responsibility, I selected four titles that can be discussed in Polish secondary school with respect to both global and national problems.

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Jak mówi literatura, a jak mówi się o literaturze w szkole?

Author(s): Anna Janus‑Sitarz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the article presents arguments concerning the importance of the art of asking questions and talking about the work of literature for the interpretation of a literary text. The researcher sees the reasons for the reluctance of young people to read in unsophisticated and poorly conducted conversations on the required readings. The formula of interpretative speech with the thesis, which is obligatory during the exam and not very well-trained in lessons, has little to do with the need and pleasure of sharing thoughts about the reading. The author therefore proposes other methods of the encounter with the text, e.g. ‘a reading diary’ modelled on the records of Sándor Márai.

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Ciągłość czy wydarzenie? Pytanie o cel dydaktyki lektury

Author(s): Krystyna Koziołek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The researcher proves that the purpose of didactics of reading is to create the continuity, although the process takes place due to an encounter with a specific, finite and single text. This means that the teacher, while working with his/her pupils on developing careful reading of individual works, at the same time imparts the knowledge not about a set or a collection of texts, but how to see literature in every single poem and story. Only thus the continuity is being formed. It is understood not as a consequence of subsequent texts, but as the repetition of point reading, which is possible thanks to being active and meditation. Hence, the repetition of the reading renews the text and reading, that is literature, resulting in an insatiable habit, which is the real purpose of didactics of reading.

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Lekcja jako doświadczenie transgresji. O przekraczaniu horyzontu oczekiwań

Author(s): Tomasz Pawlus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article refers to the lesson of Polish language given by the author, the aim of which was to examine the mechanism of negotiating the limits of interpretation as a language act, and to assess the student’s creativity. Such a way of designing a lesson is subject to, above all, two concepts deriving from the sphere of philosophical and sociological thought: ‘transgression’ and ‘horizon of expectations’. Both phenomena have a decisive impact on the work of creative thinking in the school space as an institution of knowledge. The researcher, by referring to the practice of the teaching profession, gives reasons behind the importance of one of Martha Nussbaum’s postulates in humanistic education, that is, the duty to support critical thinking.

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Co pomaga przyszłym nauczycielom i uczniom w interpretacji literatury?

Author(s): Danuta Łazarska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author has focused on selected results of the research conducted in the academic year 2016/17 in a group of trainee teachers, that is students of Polish Philology. It was them who gathered and edited reflections concerning the significance of studying poetics and theory of literature for prospective teachers. The empirical data compiled in this way is very extensive and conducive to multidirectional analysis. The article presents only the results that concern students’ ideas about what may be useful for trainee teacher and students in the task of interpreting literature. The conclusions offer an insight into the question of what literature itself may turn out to be for them.

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Charakterystyka postaci jako źródło wiedzy antropologicznej

Author(s): Mirosław Grzegórzek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The school as locus educandi is, in many acpects, an anthropological place. It is here where the individual subjectivity interacts with the Others and their narrations mainly by having contact with the texts of culture. Through promoting personal patterns, attitudes and ways of living in literary texts, they play a vital identity-creative role in personal and cultural dimensions for young people in the period of their adolescence. In the postmodern cultural mix of continuous reality – different points of view and values held, the patterns and authorities change into idols or become utterly defied, yet always essential for the right development of personality. The literary personal patterns, since they comprise some specific values, in the ethical ergo existential dimension, shape the human life. Reading, as practicing the otherness, and the ethical interpretative attitudes, which carry newness, uniqueness and the individuality of experience, in reference to direct talking about a man, are reflected in the character description. In the outlined context, it is a genre that merges the anthropological knowledge about a man in the school. The article presents the reflections resulting from empirical studies. The reflections concern the self-characteristics of the middle school students and senior pupils of primary school, considered as peculiar images of people in the modern world: the tools and testimonies of preserving, constructing and overcoming one’s identity in the relation to the other person, that is the change of the world, another human being and himself over time.

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O kondycji najnowszej literatury dla młodzieży (głos w dyskusji)

Author(s): Jolanta Fiszbak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In her article On condition of the recent adolescent literature (voice in discussion), the author discusses the issues of aims, artistic level, thematic extend and the reader of the recent adolescent literature. Does it fulfil its aims and solve the problems? The author answers this question basing on vast amount of research material; she considers those matters from the point of view of the educator. In the conclusion, she notices a wide spectrum of themes, however, unlike children’s literature, this for an adolescent reader very often does not provoke any reflection upon oneself and life, it does not contribute to broadening knowledge of the world and it does not prepare the reader for reaching for more difficult, artistic literature. What is of great concern to the author is also the artistic level of this literature and its target reader. Thus, she proposes introducing the term juvenile literature (literatura młodzieńcza), following the idea of R. Waksmund, who introduced the term children’s literature (literature dziecięca), which already has been accepted in literature. This term would inform the potential reader that the book is intended for a teenager, not for a thirty-year-old person, who is also considered as an adolescent.

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Jutka i Anna potrzebowały opowieści jak powietrza. Interpretacja utworów dla dzieci i dziecięcych na podstawie Bezsenności Jutki Doroty Combrzyńskiej‑Nogali oraz Anny i Pana Jaskółki Gavriela Savita

Author(s): Alicja Baluch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Interpretation is part of the research process that is conducted on the basis of a formulated interpretative hypothesis and contexts accompanying the reading. These activities are available to experts in literature. Compositions for children are not, in principle, subject to interpretation. Working on them should be determined by the perception capabilities of little readers, and thus what must be taken into account is the intersemiotic character of these texts, wherein the word image gesture is the most important. The comparison of Jutka’s Insomnia by Combrzyńska-Nogala and Anna and Mr Swallow by Gavriel Savita reveals thematic similarity and genre distinctions of both of the works.

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