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Review of: A. Angelova, L. Petkova. Колекция Славика: Редки и ценни издания по славистика от библиотеката на Софийския университет „Св. Климент Охридски“ (1519-1922), София, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2005. 535 p.
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Review of: D. Herberg, M. Kinne, D. Steffens. Neuer Wortschatz. Neologismen der 90er Jahre im Deutschen (unter der Mitarbeit von Elke Tellenbach und Doris al-Wadi) [Schriften des Instituts fur Deutsche Sprache, Band 11]. Berlin I New York, De Gruyter, 2004. 394 р.
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Review of: Цв. Аврамова. Словообразувателни тенденции при съществителните имена в българския и чешкия език в края на XXвек. София, Heron press, 2003. 259 p.
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The paper treats the penetration of the N. Marr’s so-called New Language Doctrine in Bulgaria, and the influence it had exercised on the Bulgarian linguistics. On the basis of published facts and archival documents the impact in our country of the Y. Stallin’s statements on the language in 1950 is revealed. The relations the ideology and linguistics had been entering upon, and the stages in the laying down the Marxism as a fundamental scientific ideology frame are presented. It has been determined that the ideology and the politics had become a considerable factor for the development of the scholarly life, and this had led to decisive changes in Bulgarian linguistics during the 50™ years of XX c.
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The origins of the Latvian national folk costume as special festive attire representing the cultural identity are related to the activities of “culture cultivation” that took place in the 19th century. The newly created tradition – making and wearing of the national costume – acquired a stable position in Latvian society as a manifestation of the national identity. During the years of the Soviet rule the use of the “ethnic” costume was imbued with international character – as an element symbolising the “fraternal family of the Soviet nations” in accordance with the ideology of the Communist Party. But along with the officially supported views there were also other situations and meanings of the folk costume. The purpose of the present article is to try to clarify the different meanings of the use of the Latvian folk costume under the Soviet occupation, when one and the same visual image could contain different conceptual content. The study was performed using the information that could be obtained from the written, audio and visual sources. The present article uses documents from the Latvian State Archive, as well as the published materials from the regional archives. Information on the use of the folk costume in the Soviet period can also be obtained from official publications, providing directions for celebrating festivities according to the ideology of the socialist state. Another source was the photographic images from the period, found in both the archives of scholarly institutions and private collections, as well as the ones available on the web, etc. Similarly, articles and reports in the printed media provide testimonies regarding the use of the folk costume. It is more difficult to establish the aspects of the private use of the folk costume, as those were usually not reflected in the public information space. Nevertheless, these aspects have been documented in the interviews carried out by the author of the present article, as well as in retrospective narratives published in contemporary media. Under the Soviet rule the folk costume was used as a means of the Soviet propaganda. The use of the folk costume was regulated. The official authorities controlled the management of funding, as well as the support for the private initiative. The officially organised events and the official point of view in relation to the use of the folk costume gained the dominant role in respect to the individual expressions. In the activities of the socialist festivities and customs the folk costume was used to reinforce the invented connection between the newly-established rituals and the cultural heritage of the nation. While the folk costume was turned into the means of the Soviet propaganda, its use as a symbol of the national identity was secretly preserved.
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Review of : Ivana Drmić - Dane Pavlica, U vatrama – Počitelj (1263. — 1993.), Požega: Povijesno društvo Požega i Biro-tisak d.o.o. Brestovac, 2021., 310 str.
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The following article is a transcription of a manuscript belonging to a teacher and school manager from Vatra Dornei, Nicolae A. Popa. It begins with a short history of Christianity in Moldavia and Bukovina and continues with a presentation of the religious (orthodox, catholic, protestant, Jewish) cults, churches and monasteries from this region and from the town between the early 1800’s and the first half of the 20th century. The text itself has documentary value, as it depicts a part of the religious life in Bukovina based on historical information and also from a personal, not less important point of view.
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The main purpose of this article is to discuss the views of the Jesuit Stanisław Dunin–Borkowski (1864–1934) about Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. These days, Dunin–Borkowski is a rather obscure figure despite rising to fame in the interwar period as an outstanding expert in the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. Thus, the secondary aim of this article is to remind ourselves of this somewhat forgotten scholar. As a researcher, writer, and pedagogue, Dunin–Borkowski was interested in numerous fields of knowledge. Among these were the natural sciences, including physics and the influence that new physical theories had on philosophical thought. This present study therefore fills a gap in the existing research about how Polish philosophers received Einstein’s theories. The example of Dunin–Borkowski also serves as a basis for discussing some of the fundamental problems of neo-scholasticism in receiving new mathematicised scientific theories.
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There have been many significant publications on Kazimierz Twardowski. Jacek Jadacki intends to add to this list another book Rozum i wola. Kazimierz Twardowski i jego wpływ na kształt kultury polskiej XX wieku. In the review it is appraised whether it can be called “a companion to. . . ”. It provides introductory information that can help readers better understand the role of Twardowski in Polish philosophy and culture. Updated findings by contemporary scholars are also included. The quality of the articles is guaranteed by such authors as J. Woleński, R. Kleszcz, A. Brożek and J. Jadacki. However, new authors are also present as well as less common topics like Twardowski’s influence on the Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine and his roles as political scientist, educational theorist, and historian of Ancient philosophy. The authors manage to convince the reader that Twardowski is “a classic” worth knowing, in consequence the book can be treated as a “companion to Twardowski”. It also inspires readers to further investigate the works and accomplishments of the Lvov philosopher.
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The article presents the results of textual studies of the early recordings of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho, recorded from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that scientific research of the texts of the early recordings of Olonkho with full broadcasts of the plot is most widely, systematically carried out. At the same time, researchers today continue to pay less attention to early recordings of Olonkho, producing brief or incomplete schematic statements of content. A review of early texts on Olonkho shows that these reviews have incomplete, overly concise, summaries of the plot, although they do confirm the stability of the ancient thematic content, plot structure, motifs, and image system. The richness of the poetic language and the beauty of the style, and the surprisingly artistic content and archaic motifs, which can be seen even in translations, are of considerable value for establishing a full picture of the unique oral creativity of the Yakut people. This study attempts for the first time to systematise transcriptions of early recordings of Olonkho using a summary of the plot in Russian compared with a summary of the plot in the original language. The systematised texts will be used in a comparative study of Olonkho texts recorded in the 19th and 20th centuries. This analysis shows that there has been a transfer of plot with epic texts of the late period in order to maintain a degree of continuity, using both common and specific features to bridge between traditional and modern forms of Olonkho, taking into account regional and local features.
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After the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877-1878 when Dobrudja became part of the Romanian state, Turkish language education continued to function in the traditional way remaining from the Ottoman period. Attempts to regulate the education of minorities existed in the interwar period when officials from the Kingdom of Romania adopted a series of measures in this regard. At the same time, there were initiatives from minorities, in the case of the Muslim community a sensitive aspect being that of the subjects that should be studied in schools. The first unified curriculum of Turkish primary schools in Dobrudja was prepared at the initiative of the "Association of Graduates of the Muslim Seminary in Dobrudja" and published in 1937 at the printing house of the "Emel" magazine. This article aims to analyze the content of the curriculum. Thus, an important contribution is made in terms of the code of conduct and the themes studied in the Turkish schools until the establishment of the communist regime. Given that the curriculum was published in Ottoman Turkish in 1937, long after the introduction of Kemalist reforms, that it proposes the use of the Ottoman alphabet, and that most of the program focuses on the study of religion, the paper tries to show whether it was an expression of opposition against the kemalist reforms or an attempt to improve the quality of education in Turkish schools in Dobrudja. To achieve this objective, beyond the analysis of the content of the program, the foundations of those who drafted it is also explained.
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The article discusses the concept of three “Renaissances”, as outlined by Tadeusz Zielinski in the essay “The Ancient World in the Poetry of Apollon Maykov" (1899). By “Renaissances” Zielinski meant the periodic appeals of a particular European culture to the ancient legacy and, at the same time, the beneficial cultural consequences of such appeals. According to Zielinski, two renaissances of antiquity have already taken place: the “Italian” and the “Germanic” (in the 18th–19th centuries); the next should be the “Slavonic” Renaissance. The object of attention is the imagery of Zielinski, who compares the influence of antiquity on new cultures with an oceanic flow that carries the heat of the south to the cold shores of northern Europe. It is shown that Zielinski is influenced by his immediate sources — the cultural and philosophical constructions of Hippolyte Taine and Friedrich Paulsen. It is argued that Paulsen’s text depends on Taine’s, and Zielinski uses them both. The corresponding views of Russian philologists and philosophers, who shared Zielinski’s concept, are considered. On the example of the “Hungarian” works of Karl Kerényi of the 1930s, it is shown that the belief in the beneficence and the need for the revival of antiquity for national culture was not an exclusively Russian phenomenon, but was a basic ideological archetype of the international community of European classical philologists and scholars of the first half of the 20th century.
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In the 1890s, Evangelical services in Regerteln/Rogiedle were celebrated at the local school. The appointment of a priest, Rev Carl Richard Hilbrandt, in 1894, was viewed as an opportunity to change this situation. At that time, it was planned that a church in Rogiedle would be built. In 1897, the 900th anniversary of the martyrdom of St. Adalbert, the Apostle of Prussia, was celebrated. Considering this, the construction of the said building would become a lasting remembrance of this anniversary. However, it was not possible to implement the project at that time. The project of a temple with 236 seats was prepared by Klehmet, the district construction inspector. Ebeling, a builder, was commissioned to perform the construction works commenced in the first half of 1900. The church was blessed on 13 December 1900, in the presence of Church authorities and state authorities of the East Prussia province. A large part of the construction expenses was covered by the Gustav-AdolfVerein, which supported Evangelical religious institutions situated in the diaspora areas.
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Since 1950, there has been a period of liquidation of all democratic structures in Czechoslovakia. There was a period of oppression for the Catholic Church. The most active priests were under constant control, and some of them were interned in Močenek, Pezinka or elsewhere. Many of the priests were accused of various crimes by the Communist regime, especially against the republic. Some were only in custody, others were unpunished for several yearS. Many have been „out pastoral”, „in production”. 64/5000 The removal of the priests into the interminable monasteries began in the summer of 1950. The most famous place of internation was the village of Močenok and city of Pezinok. Another way of reducing the number of clergy was to call them to perform basic military service. Auxiliary technical camps were one of the forms of persecution and restricted in both freedom and clergy. These people were initially included in the 4th Battalions (1948). Later, after 1950, the structure changed and auxiliary technical camps were divided into two types: light and heavy
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The struggle to limit and eliminate one of the most severe parasites in our country has a dramatic history. The disease has been known since ancient times and until the mid-60s of the twentieth century, it is invariably present in a number of the most commonly diagnosed infectious parasitic diseases. In a country like Bulgaria, whose agricultural economy was the main livelihood of the population at the end of the 19th and the middle of the 20th century, the disease was of defining significance. Historically, malaria is seen as a social "scourge" proceeding with severe illness, disability, death, and as one of the causes of economic stagnation in entire areas of the country. The article examines the history of the fight against malaria in Bulgaria, in Varna and Burgas regions. The study period covers the period from the Liberation to 1930. Emphasis is placed on the efforts of the state administration, the establishment of sanitary supervision, the activity of the health authorities and the active part of the Bulgarian population for the control and complete eradication of the disease in Bulgaria. The main legislative acts regulating the implementation of anti-epidemic measures against malaria and the main institutions working in this direction are reviwed. The experience of the Italian medics in the fight against malaria in Italy and the role of the Rockefeller Foundation for the successful training and cooperation between Bulgarian and Italian malaria specialists in the application of the Italian experience in the fight against malaria are followed.
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Infrastructure is one of the main parts of football industry in contemporary time. Pitches, stadiums, sporting goods stores, museums of different teams and clubs are very important now. These facilities began to appear in Central-Eastern Europe at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of this research is the comparison of knowledge transfer process about football infrastructure in Kharkiv and Sofia. This article shows participants and ways to disseminate knowledge about football infrastructure, location of football pitches and stadiums in two non-port cities. It also illustrates the importance of local educational institutions and businesses in disseminating such information. More generally, the comparison provides insight into the influence of the administrative status of the city and the level of its industrialization on the speed and the scale of the implementation of knowledge in practice.
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