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The book on Communist regimes in Eastern European countries
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The book on Bessarabian problem, Romania and Geopolitics of the Great Powers
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János Bolyai was born 210 years ago. With this themes, I would like to attract the attention of the interested readers to this anniversary. About the Bolyais a lot of people wrote a lot of things. Even so we would like to confirm with this small book that there are still many unknown findings in their life. For example we didn’t known that János Bolyai spent in his childhood every summer at Alsógáld (Galda de Jos). János Bolyai doesn’t lived twelve years in Domáld, only six. It is interesting to know about their adaptation in the surroundings. The first chapter contains a compact résumé about the life of János Bolyai based on the latest authentic documents from the archives. The second chapter is about Farkas Bolyai: his closest relations and his relation with his surroundings. The most precious part of this chapter is the letter which was written by Farkas Bolyai to the baron Miklós Wesselényi. By the way, this document contains new data too about the history of the Reformed Boarding School. The third chapter includes some interesting information about János Bolyai. It turns out that he wasn’t the savant who lived one's life aloof but he was a very active person who took care to common weal, to the civic life of Marosvásárhely but who worked equally on the farm in Domáld.
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The interviews in this volume have been produced by the oral history method based on individual life story telling. The primary objective of making them was to gain detailed impression on this forgotten form of the Hungarian minority´s social life in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars, as it had been experienced by the interviewees. They had not only recalled the past events so important from their point of view, but they also “commented” and supplemented them. During the interviews they spoke with strong feeling, reliving their stories with intense emotions, thus helping us gain a more direct, privileged insight into the micro-historical processes of the interwar period, and enabling us to recreate our concept about this historical moment, and assess its significance.Obviously, this does not mean that we could reasonably expect the recallers to objectively remember the past events in precise details. For this reason, besides readers interested in the topic, we recommend this book as a kind of source publication especially to historians dealing with the era. We believe that the period between the two world wars, and within that the history of the Hungarian youth movements, have many unexplored spots rich in values which certainly deserve further historical research. This book is about an almost forgotten part of history of the Hungarians in (Czecho)Slovakia and this, as such, could provide many good examples for the current generation of young people having taken responsibility for their national identity. The main actors of this volume have already become historical figures whose entirely different stories have one important thing in common: they all have devoted their lives to the service of the part of the Hungarian nation disintegrated from Hungary and annexed to (Czecho)Slovakia. And, they have largely remained steadfast in their youthful determination. As a legacy for posterity, they have left an excellent example of humanity, patriotism, and love for one´s nation. Will there be current followers of the past legendary generations?
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József Szent-Ivány (1884–1941) was one of the most important personalities of politics, public life and cultural learning of Hungarians in Czechoslovakia of the interwar period. After his death in 1941, however, he was forgotten by historiography, and his name also disappeared from public consciousness. As a consequence, we do not really know the due weight and significance of József Szent-Ivány´s person and example in such detail and context as he would deserve it. This book endeavours to explore József Szent-Ivány´s career according to the present state of research, and it undertakes to add many, yet unknown or little known data, facts, and new dimensions about him, and also about the epoch.
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This publication, the subject of which is the Gulag phenomenon and the mass abduction of citizens from Central Europe to Soviet labour camps, mostly consists of written versions of conference papers. The conference entitled „The Price of Victory“. Abduction of Citizens from Slovakia and Neighbouring Countries to the USSR in 1944–1945 was held in Košice on 24 November 2016, and its organizers—the Forum Minority Research Institute and the History Department of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice—invited experts on the theme from four countries (Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Ukraine).
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The book aims to describe the complex, multilateral relations among cinematography, propaganda, and the viewers in the times of the Polish People’s Republic. In the second half of the 20th century, after they seized power, the communists launched intensive propaganda activities to create the impression that they enjoyed public support. Among the motifs developed in propaganda texts, there was the generation theme. It involvedthree generation myths, introduced gradually, to which the author refers as the myth of the generation of fight, the myth of the generation of work, and the myth of the generation of duty. They depended for their credibility on information provided by journals and memoirs collected during competitions organised by various newspapers and magazines. The cinema,in turn, was supposed to disseminate them because of its wide range of influence. However, partly for political but mostly for artistic reasons, the filmmakers usually aimed at presenting their own reaction to a generation myth rather than at illustrating it according to the expectations of those who controlled cinematography. Discussing selected fictional films, the author attempts to describe the relation between the myth and its depiction on the screen as perceived by the viewer. Importantly, the author’s intention is to reconstruct the reception of the films upon their first release rather than interpret them according to the standards of the present. Obviously, it is difficult to fully reconstruct the senses that used to provide an important context for the viewers to understand the works discussed. The author strives to accomplish this task by focusing on the senses suggested to the audience by the press, and in particular, by three groups of texts. The first group comprises propaganda texts which verbalised the generation myths. The second group includes generation memoires as published in the press (they were also published in book forms). They served as the foundation for the generation myths by providing necessary details, which were thengeneralised in the myths’ content. The third group comprises film reviews which were supposed to steer the reception of the films. The reference point for the ideological interpretation of the productions they reviewed was the image of generations disseminated by the propaganda of the time. As a result of this discussion, the reader of the book is presented with an outline of some of the complex mechanisms that shaped the cultural memory in the times of the Polish People’s Republic.
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The volume concerns the fate of the Jewish population in the General Government four districts: Cracow, Lublin, Radom, and Warsaw. It includes testimonies, memoirs, personal documents and official records, such as German ordinances, reports and transcripts of the proceedings of the Jewish Councils, Jewish Social Aid and the American Joint Distribution Committee. The documents cover the period from September and October 1939 to some time after November 1942; there are also memoirs that touch upon the pre-war period.
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The second volume of the first part of Jędrzej Moraczewski's Memories covers the years 1895–1900. The author takes readers to the Galician province, where he lived with his wife, Zofia Moraczewska née Gostkowska. Their first years together were a period of frequent relocations entailed by the nature of engineer Moraczewski's work on the construction of state railways. In Memories, the author portrayed the people he met – both those directly influencing him as well as others, widely known in Galicia at that time due to the position they held or to their social or political activity. Compared to the previous volume, reports from the life of a young, intellectual couple, struggling with everyday problems, prevail here. There are also descriptions of provincial entertainment and ways of spending free time – cycling and sightseeing trips, social meetings, performances by amateur theaters and attempts to animate the local social elite which included the Moraczewski family.
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In the year 2020, the Hungarian nation throughout the world commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Treaty of Trianon. As a result of the diktat designed with reference to the right of nations to self-determination, but at the same time defying this principle, not only the borders of Hungary were changed, but—against their will—one third of the Hungarian nation was driven into minority position, including the Hungarian population of Upper Hungary. The Treaty of Trianon, signed on 4th June 1920, thus provided a decisive contribution to the birth of the Hungarian minority community in the former Czechoslovakia, the present Slovakia.To date, no comprehensive monograph or collection of documents on the history of the Hungarian nation´s segment falling under Czechoslovakia has been published. This prompted the Forum Minority Research Institute to gather and present to readers in one volume the most important sources on the history of the Hungarian minority community now living in southern Slovakia, from the founding of the Czechoslovak state in 1918 until its dissolution in 1992.The size constraints did not, of course, allow the publication of all the documents considered important, so documents consisting of only a few lines on the one hand and the too voluminous ones on the other hand were left out of the volume. The published documents were selected in such a way that they provide a comprehensive picture of the history of the Hungarian minority community and present the most important issues of its seventy-five years existence within the Czechoslovak state. Some of the omitted documents are presented in the form of illustrations.The vast majority of the documents included in the collection come from the archives of Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary, and partly from the contemporary Hungarian press in Czechoslovakia. Some of them have already been published in various collections of documents, but there are some among them which have been unknown not only to a wider readership, but also to historians. Most of the documents come from the most dramatic and hectic periods in the history of the Hungarian minority, i.e. the years following the formation of the Czechoslovak state, the period of the first Vienna Award, the years of post-World War II disenfranchisement, the Prague Spring and the regime change.The volume consists of five chapters, adapted to the general historical eras of Czechoslovakia. The first chapter contains documents on the First Republic, the second on the Slovak autonomy and the Slovak State, the third on the years after the Second World War, the fourth on the decades of the communist dictatorship, and the fifth on the years between the regime change and the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Each document is preceded by the place and time of its origin, followed by a brief introduction to interpret and place the document in historical context. The documents are followed by references indicating their current location. At the end of the collection, there is a selected bibliography containing the most important pieces of academic literature on the history of Hungarians in Czechoslovakia.
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The book gives a historical approach to religion in the Donbas region from its early times to the present. It suggests thorough analysis of how religion interacted with politic on the one side and ethnic identifications of its inhabitants on the other in different periods of the history of Donbas. Historical background of regional specificity helps to better understanding the system of values and senses in contemporary Donbas – economically and socially the most depressive region in Ukraine – with the lowest level of religious self-identifications and irrelevant attitude to ethnic markers of the local population, instrumental use of religion by regional political class and oligarchs, and the highest rate in the country of new (quasi-) religious organisations and movements.
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The essence of civilizational understanding of the culture, the place of Ukrainian cultural landscape in the Ukrainian regional civilization, European and world civilizational and cultural space are found out. The historiosophical interpretation of interrelation of culture and civilization, the source’s, historiographical and methodological basis of civilizational understanding of Ukrainian culture, its origins and the most important stages of its development are presented. The particular attention is paid to the sacredness of Old Ukrainian culture, the importance of Christianity establishment, the role of the written language, book printing, spiritual values of the Renaissance and Enlightenment, their impact on the spiritual world of Ukraine as a factor in the formation of the Ukrainian nation, the place of Taras Shevchenko’s creative work in the crystallization of national ideas, in the identity and national unity of the Ukrainians. The ruinous consequences of Stalin’s repressions, famishments and militant atheism for Ukrainian culture are analysed, the resistance to Soviet totalitarianism from the side of the sixtiers and intellectual dissidence is shown. The considerable place is devoted to the development of culture in the independent Ukraine, modern European integration and globalization processes, the resistance to the Russian cultural, media and spiritual expansion and military aggression.
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In 2014, 360 years have passed since the conclusion of the agreement between the tsarists and Cossack governments in Pereyaslav (now Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky), which was a turning point in subsequent historical processes that have long been observed in the mutual relations of the two peoples. This event also influenced the geopolitical situations both in the Eastern European region and throughout Europe. Today, it is possible to build different models for options, if there were the further fate of Ukraine and Russia in the event of changes in the policy of Bogdan Khmelnitsky and his successors after the mentioned action. But history does not know the conditional way, and everything happened as it happened. The peripetias in the relations that began in 1654, were reflected in the events, recently quite tragic, at the beginning of the XXI century.
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Pierwsza część książki rysuje bogaty i zróżnicowany wewnętrznie obraz historycznych form zaangażowania niepodległościowego w okresie zaborów. Przedstawiono w niej sylwetki intelektualne poznańskich organiczników i myślicieli społecznych, jak również poetów i filozofów. Kolejne części tomu poświęcono czołowym przedstawicielom wielkopolskiej myśli filozoficznej XIX wieku, których aktywność i dorobek intelektualny wykraczały poza kontekst regionalny. Znajdujemy w tym gronie urodzonego w Wolsztynie matematyka i filozofa Józefa Marię Hoene-Wrońskiego i dwóch wybitnych reprezentantów dziewiętnastowiecznego heglizmu polskiego – Karola Libelta i Augusta Cieszkowskiego.Lektura książki Między pracą organiczną a walką o niepodległość uświadamia potrzebę prowadzenia dalszych badań nad myślą filozoficzną i społeczną czasu zaborów na terenie Wielkopolski. Do tytułu książki chciałoby się dodać „tom pierwszy”, zachęcając tym samym do publikowania kolejnych wyników tak ukierunkowanych badań historycznofilozoficznych. dr hab. Marek Rembierz, prof. UŚ
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Memoirs of T. G. Masaryk were written by Karel Engliš as part of his memoirs in 1948. The publication is published on the occasion of the 2nd Masaryk Days and also on the 60th anniversary of Karel Engliš's death.
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Attempts to build political and military security and favorable conditions for the economic development of Poland by constructing a broader political order in Central and Eastern Europe date back to the late Middle Ages. The Piasts built the security of their domain through victorious wars, expansion of borders and treaties with neighbours. The decline of this dynasty's reign was marked by an attempt to build a Polish-Hungarian personal union. In 1385, the idea of a Polish-Lithuanian personal union was realized. In 1569 it was replaced by the real union and the construction of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the partitions, interwar Poland tried to implement the idea of a federation of Poland with Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania; the union of states between the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea; finally, the so-called Third Europe. During the years of World War II and the post-war division of the Old Continent, Polish political emigration did not abandon the integration concepts for Central and Eastern Europe. The bankruptcy of communism and the collapse of the USSR and the Eastern Bloc favored the restitution of the subjectivity of Poland and Eastern European countries and the region adopting a common, successful course for joining NATO and the EU. In 1991, the Visegrad Group was established. Since 2015, Poland has been implementing the Three Seas Initiative (ABC) project. It was based on a real community of economic, political and defense interests in the region. Intermarium is a permanent, ambitious, geopolitical vision. It was also an illusion, negatively verified by history. Above all, however, it is a concept resulting from Poland leading to the strengthening of its security, subjectivity and economic potential in the international area.
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This monograph contains texts covering diverse topics, including the conception of Russian literature in the works of the two founders of Slavonic studies, Slavonic literary history, Karamzin’s construction of new Russian literature, the participation of “foreigners” in the formation of Russian classical and modern literature, and the leaders of Russian classical literature such as Alexander Griboyedov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Maxim Gorky and long-neglected Nikolay Leskov. Czech views of more recent literature from the second half of the 20th century (Valentin Rasputin, Evgeny Vodolazkin) are also included, along with consideration of the participation of Russians or, more generally speaking, Eastern Slavs in interwar Czechoslovakia (Alfred Bem, Valery Vilinsky, son of Masaryk University adjunct professor Sergey Vilinsky) and the opinion of the time not quite precisely called “the period of stagnation” (in Russian “period zastoay”). Even at that time there appeared interesting discussions with axiological shifts of emphasis which have often had a crucial influence upon further developments in Russia. And then some specific features of Czech Russian literary studies (“A Small Reflection…,” Jaroslav Burian) including Wollman’s polemic with the Poles on Pan-Slavism which, in the Czech environment, has often been connected – incorrectly – only with Jan Kollár. The volume concludes with considerations on the problem of terminology applied only to Russian literature, and a treatise on the universality of Russian literature and Russian literary scholarship in connection with their reception by Czechs in the 19th–21st centuries, including various controversies. If today Czech-Russian relations are again becoming a focus of attention – most of all hot button issues of a political nature which have not been sufficiently revealed and recognised – this work stands as a modest invitation to Czech Russian studies and the deep research on the so-called Russian phenomenon in general comparative contexts and other intersections based on genre, thematic, ideological, sociological, anthropological and philosophical studies, i.e. in the framework of area concepts. And this book should also stimulate reflection on the past, which might inspire new views of the present and encourage more long-term interest than the impressionistic and emotional digressions we have seen to date. Let us take this volume as an attempt at a small contribution to such a view and understanding.
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Printed and edited to commemorate by exhibition the 40th anniversary of establishing K-231 / Union of Former Political Prisoners.
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