![Научна периодика 2011–2012 г.](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2012_27123.jpg)
Научна периодика 2011–2012 г.
Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archaeology and art studies
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Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archaeology and art studies
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In this article the application of Sharia law over the Muslim population of Vardar Macedonia is demonstrated. The application of Sharia Law form the establishment of Ottoman rule until the end of the Second World War is directly related to functioning of state Sharia courts. In this era the Sharia law is part of the positive law. With the change in the historical and political context in the aftermath of First World War, the Sharia court have been included in the Yugoslavian secular state as a structure, relatively independent form the Muslim religious authority, which is based on principles of spiritual hierarchy. Its application have had a positive impact, preserving the Muslim population`s identity. After the Second World War the Sharia court are dismissed. From the legal-normative point of view it is not possible to state that this is Sharia law, because there is a lack of state coercion, which is one of the prerequisites to talk about law. After this point, the essence of sharia ruling is preserved via moral relations and obligations, customs and traditions and the work of the religious institutions as well.
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This article suggests an attempt to analyze some texts from the Bulgarian National Revival Periodic Press that interpret a „marvelous discovery“ - the typography. Its role and significance for the radical changes in cultural and literary communication, but also the resistances against it as something new, unknown and affecting someone‘s interests, are also examined. Through some texts by K. Fotinov, P. R. Slaveikov, N. Kazanakli is defended the concept of the typography as discovering new worlds, removing certain boundaries - spatial, temporal - and facilitating the touch to the foreign experience and its more comprehensive absorption, which are of particular importance in the conditions of the Bulgarian 19th century.
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The Scientific Archives of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences began its work with the foundation of the Bulgarian Literary Society in Braila in September 1869. Its task is to find, process and offer for use all the materials on the history of the scientific thought in Bulgaria and the history of the BAS. The Scientific Archive preserves the archival documents of the institutes of the BAS as well as the personal collections of academicians, corresponding members and professors; it does scientific and technical processing, estimates the value of the archival documents and restores them. The archive organizes the use of the archival documents for scientific research, reference and other purposes, prepares documentary publications and exhibitions of documents.The cultural heritage preserved in the BAS is a national treasure and we are responsible for its protection.This article examines only archival collections with ethnographic materials and researches. It is an invitation to researchers for future studies.
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The paper presents the problem of the rights of the child from socially-pedagogical perspective and in connection with the threats of the World War II. Some perspectives are outlined in the foreground: “military complex” and “zone of the social solidarity”. With the first term, the totality of the negative psychical, physical and social consequences that children endured in the result of the military actions are marked. With the second term, different forms of help and actions for children`s protection in case of threat for their life and existence are marked.
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The common enemy of the reborn Poland and the Ukrainian People’s Republic was Bolshevik Russia. On the initiative of the leaders of both countries: Józef Piłsudski and Symon Petlura, an alliance agreement was signed between Poland and the Ukrainian People’s Republic on 22 April 1920. Piłsudski treated cooperation with Ukraine as a key element of his broader plan to rebuild eastern Europe. The result of the concluded alliance was the participation of the Ukrainian army in defense of Poland against the Bolshevik invasion in the summer of 1920. However, the great military victory was largely wasted politically because no Ukrainian state was established. The Treaty of Riga, signed on March 18, 1921, signified de facto defeat of Piłsudski’s plans.
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“Prometheanism” meant the political cooperation of interwar Poland with non-Russian peoples and nations in Russia directed against the tsarist, and later the Soviet empire. The Promethean movement included representatives of Ukraine (Ukrainian People’s Republic – UNR), Caucasus (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Mountaineers of the Northern Caucasus), Crimean and Volga Tatars, Turkestan and nations inhabiting Finland (Ingria, Komi, Karelia), as well as a part of the Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks. This article focuses on the relations between the Polish side and individual nations and structures of the Promethean front, on those turning moments in its development, as well as on the political and organisational evolution of the Promethean movement.
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After the end of the World War One the old political habits were put under a serious test. The tough consequences of the conflict led to new ideologies that offered quick and easy recipes for coming out of the aftermath of the after military crisis. The Italian fascism, for example, promoted the vision of a strong state, guided by the Fascist Party and its leader. The leader, his party embodied the state. They were its image and content. These understandings were “further developed” by the German National Socialism, which added to them the racial hatred and the idea of the superiority of the Aryan. Everybody knows what the final of these political experiments was.
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The article tries to characterize the plight of the Jewish community– in its legal, social and economic aspect – on German-occupied Polish soil in the first years of WWII (1939-1941). The text analyzes the key measures of the German authorities toward the Jews, beginning with the Third Reich’s aggression against Poland on September 1, 1939, until the decision of the extermination of European Jews (second half of 1941). The Authors analyze legal acts limiting the functioning of the Jewish community and how they really influenced their everyday life. The question at stake has to be seen against a wider backdrop: the policy of the German occupant against the Polish state and its population.
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The article presents inception and the first months of the functioning of the underground Polish Socialist Party occurring in 1939-1944, under the code name “Wolność-Równość-Niepodległość” (Freedom-Equality-Independence). Its hows both the pre-war preparations of the PPS and the way in which the PPS-WRN was formed at the beginning of October 1939, as well as the principles on which its organization was based. The article also discusses both the beginnings of the PPS-WRN underground press and the party’s place in the forming structures of the Polish Underground State.
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This article intends to answer two fundamental questions: 1) What kind of image of Poland was created by the authorities of the Soviet Union on the eve of and during the Soviet aggression against Poland on 17 September 1939? 2)Did Soviet society accept this image uncritically, or was it capable of creating its own image of Poland independently? This study is based on an analysis that the Soviet authorities created a false image of Poland as a fascist country which had been defeated by Germany not as a result of its military advantage but as a result of its incorrect policy towards ethnic minorities. The image of Poland was generally accepted by the society of the Soviet Union which was subject to a monopolistic propaganda of the state. Only a small minority of society rejected the image promoted by the authorities – as untrue and a justification for Moscow’s imperial policy.
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The extension of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in the first half of the twentieth century, which hit most European states, required political interferences within the highest legislative and executive authorities of states as well as in local administrations and bodies of self-government. Legislative interventions resulted in the formation of new local political elites whose representatives, mostly recruited by the criterion of political reliability, held the defining positions and played the significant role in implementing anti-Jewish policy during the Holocaust era. The main aim of this contribution is the analysis of the mechanisms of legislative interventions into the creation of new local political elites in selected examples of Nazi-occupied countries (General Government, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia) and allied regimes (Slovak State and Hungary).
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L’effondrement des États communistes de l’Europe de l’Est a mis en lumière des histoires d’héroïsmependant la répression et fait parler d’oppression, de survie et de dignité. Cependant, les tendances historiogra-phiques récentes cherchent désormais à comprendre les aspects systémiques des quarante-cinq années de Régimecommuniste en Roumanie. Les études culturelles et sociales, l’histoire comparée, la et l’histoire orale, entre autres,interprètent et redimensionnent nos conceptions sur le mode de vie pendant le communisme. En partant d’uneapproche post-révisionniste, s’appuyant sur une analyse du discours et sur la sémantique, la présente étude sepropose d’interpréter quelques extraits des archives de la police politique (Securitate) concernant l’histoire dugroupe d’intellectuels et de clercs connu sous le nom de Rugul aprins (Buisson ardent), qui ont été cibles de la ré-pression communiste et incarcérés ensemble pour agissements contre l’ordre social. Puisque leurs préoccupations spirituelles et leur philosophie culturelle témoignaient pleinement d’une attitude anti-communiste et d’une cri-tique du régime socialiste, ils sont devenus l’objet d’un suivi informatif de la Securitate, puis inculpés lors d’un procès mené pendant la seconde vague répressive du régime, en 1958. La présente recherche suit la trame narra-tive et les thèmes du discours de la Securitate, en essayant en même temps de proposer une interprétation de la façon dont les institutions répressives se rapportaient face à l’idée de religiosité et de ‘mysticisme’.
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The article presents the results of а didactic diagnostic test which was conducted among students of VI degree in 138. „Prof. Vassil Zlatarski“ School. The results of the diagnostic study reveal the students’ abilities to work with images, such as explaining the causes and consequences of historical events, comparing images and compilation of short text answers.
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The purpose of this article is revealing the conditions and prerequisites for the “birth” of the entrepreneurial class in Sopot, Karlovo and Kalofer during the 18th-19th centuries. The main conclusion is that the combination of a favorable external environment and appropriate personal qualities make possible the appearance of people with enterprising spirit. In other words, Bulgarian Revival entrepreneurs from Sopot, Karlovo and Kalofer are born, but they are also made through the accumulated experience and knowledge.
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This article studies Greek European policies and the country's strife for European integration, the negotiations and the obstacles it goes through from 1955 until the signing of the Treaty of Accession to the European Community on 28 May 1979. The role of Konstantinos Karamanlis and the geopolitical situation at the moment are identified as major factors in Greece becoming the first Balkan country to join the EU community at the very beginning of its expansion. The article also examines the attitudes of the Greek political parties and the reactions of the Greek society throughout the various stages of the European accession policies of the ruling government.
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The article presents an unknown letter from the epistolary heritage of the Bogoridi family, in French in handwritten original, sent by Emanuel Bogoridi to his uncle Alexander Bogoridi, dated June 12, 1879, currently stored in the collection of the Bulgarian Historical Archive at the National Library “Ivan Vazov” – Plovdiv. The source and archeographic aspects of the newly discovered document are examined. In terms of content, the background of the idea of founding a museum, a library, an archive and a university in Eastern Rumelia and the involvement of one of the most famous European Slavic scholars in the person of Konstantin Irechek for this cause are presented. By publishing the letter in Bulgarian for the first time, it is included in scientific circulation.
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Dès le milieu du XXe siècle, les chercheurs bulgares s’intéressent à l’étude des œuvres d’art religieux russe qui sont arrivées dans l’aire culturelle bulgare; mais ces études n’ont jamais été menées de manière intensive. Les futures approches devront collecter, cataloguer et étudier les collections plus importantes d’icônes, d’estampes et d’objets russes de culte, en rassemblant toutes les informations nécessaires qui concernent les modalités d’acqui- sition de ces objets, leurs donateurs et leurs histoires individuelles. Une attention particulière devra être accordée aux peintres russes qui ont vécu en Bulgarie, ainsi qu’aux Bulgares qui ont étudié les arts en Russie, sachant que ces derniers ont peint des icônes après le retour en Bulgarie. L’influence de l’art orthodoxe russe sur les sujets abordés et les styles utilisés dans l’art bulgare pourra compléter ce panorama. La présente étude se propose de faire le bilan des recherches en cours.
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