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The book is a collection of interviews of Roma from Sliven, Kotel and Topolchane village, Sliven. Today, in October 2016, most of them have died.
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The book is a collection of interviews of Roma from Sliven, Kotel and Topolchane village, Sliven. Today, in October 2016, most of them have died.
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Sovrapponendo un'ampia ricerca sul campo, informazioni riservate di intelligence e interviste ad esperti del settore con i resoconti delle fonti giornalistiche e con i dati ufficiali della Chiesa, Le sfide del Vaticano nei Balcani è la prima analisi, interamente dedicata alle attività della Santa Sede nella regione, capace di rendere conto dei rapporti del Vaticano con gli stati e con le chiese balcaniche, e di evidenziare la sua azione nei confronti delle popolazioni locali.
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Shihāb ad-Dīn Yahyā ibn Amirak ibn Abī al-Futuh Suhrawardī, renowned Persian philosophy, theosopher and Sufi, was born in 549 AH (1155 CE) in the province of al-Jabal in Azerbaijan, formerly a province in north-western Iran. He is now known in philosophical and theosophical works as Shaykh al-Ishrāq (master of Illuminationist philosophy), in recognition of his founding a distinct philosophical, theosophical and Sufi tradition known as Falsafa al-Ishrāq (illuminationist philosophy) or al-hikma al-mashriqīyya (oriental theosophy). He was imprisoned in Aleppo on the orders of Salah ad-Dīn (Saladin), on account of his Sufi teachings, and finally put to death at the age of thirty or thirty-eight (1191). He is thus also known in Sufi writings as Shaykh al-Maqtūl (the murdered master) or the martyred shaykh (shahīd). The most comprehensive information about his life is now to be found in a work by his pupil Shahrazūrī, also known as an authentic commentator on Suhrawardī’s great work of philosophy entitled Kitāb hikma al-ishrāq (the Book of Illuminationist Wisdom).
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Orient și Occident. Topografii ale simbolului la Mircea Eliade (Orient and Occident. Topographies of Symbol at Mircea Eliade), shows, chronological, Mircea Eliade's transformation, from the young student, fascinated by culture, philosophy and the whole of India and Orient, in general, to the esteemed and world recognized savant; Professor of philosophy, history and phenomenology of religions, in Occident.
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The International Conference The Future of Ethics, Education and Research was held on October 16-17, 2017 in Montgomery County Campus, Rockville, MD, USA, and was organized by Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies
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The dissertation therefore seeks to read the whole poetic work of Jan Twardowski in the context of Theresian inspiration
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The issues of the research carried out fall within the scope of the determinants of divorce conflict and coping with it. The subject of the research are factors that condition the postponing of divorce decision (manifesting itself in the form of the suspension of divorce proceedings). It has been assumed that the durability of marriage is a value which needs to be protected, hence the importance of such actions of the spouses which aim at reconstructing the bonds of marriage. These actions include the suspension of divorce proceedings. The factors that determine the decision concerning the suspension have been analysed. In order to do so, the spouses who decide on the suspension of divorce proceedings and those who take the final decision to get divorced have been compared. In the research carried out, it has been assumed that there are specific conditions for the suspension of divorce proceedings. They are as follows: maturity for marriage, conjugal family of origin, marriage duration, income, duration of mediation sessions, engagement of an attorney in the proceedings, participation in a therapy. In view of the above, the following hypotheses have been drawn: spouses who suspend divorce proceedings, compared to those getting divorced, are characterized by greater maturity (manifested by empathy, caring for the well-being of the children, caring for financial security of the family, fidelity, the will to forgive, help in difficult situations and responsibility), more frequently come from conjugal families, more seldom declare premarital pregnancy, are characterized by a longer duration of marriage, have higher incomes, spend less time at mediation sessions, more often decide to participate in a therapy. A research question regarding the reasons for the deterioration of marital relations has also been posed. The aforementioned hypotheses have made it possible to determine research variables – dependent and independent. The dependent variable is the type of a settlement reached, i.e. a written contract between the disputing parties, the aim of which is to reach an agreement. The settlement takes one of the two forms: a suspension of divorce proceedings (spouses decide to postpone the divorce decision) or a divorce (spouses sign a divorce agreement, in which they state that economic, physical, psychical and spiritual bonds between them have extinguished). Independent variables, in turn, refer to other conditions for postponing the divorce decision, which have been listed earlier. The data for the research have been gathered from interviews. Two interviews have been made with spouses who have filled divorce petitions and agreed to be interviewed and for the data obtained from these interviews to be used anonymously. The data gathered from interview 1 contained the following information regarding the characteristics of the group studied: the age of the spouse, the age of entering into marriage, the level of education, living together or apart, the plaintiff’s sex, the number of children, the number of siblings, the type of marriage entered into, the marital status at the moment of entering into marriage. The interviews have also made it possible to gather data concerning the family of origin (conjugal/broken), premarital pregnancy, the duration of marriage, spouses’ income, the duration of mediation sessions, hiring an attorney, the declaration to take part in a therapy. During interview no. 1 the researcher also posed a question regarding the reasons for the deterioration of marital relations: ‘What caused the deterioration of marital relations?’ The researcher noted down literal responses of the persons being questioned. Interview 2 was constructed on the basis of pilot studies and subject literature. It concerned spouse perception of their maturity for marriage (app. 2). The interview was of a structured character. It consisted of 10 closed questions to which the persons responded ‘yes’ or ‘no’. The questions concerned the following aspects of maturity: caring for children’s well-being, caring for financial security of the family, help in difficult situations, the willingness to forgive, empathy, fidelity and responsibility (accepting the consequences of one’s own actions, keeping commitments, the feeling of guilt in the case of hurting family members, striving toward redressing the wrong). It must be emphasised that (app. 1) all married couples (i.e. 333), including 46 couples suspending divorce proceedings and 287 couples getting divorced participated in the first interview (nevertheless, full data were not gathered from all spouses, hence different number of persons questioned are presented in particular tables). In the second interview concerning maturity (app. 2), 82 married couples participated, including 46 couples getting divorced, selected in such a way that both groups (spouses getting divorced and those suspending the divorce proceedings) were as similar to each other as possible in terms of age, duration of marriage, the number of children, the level of education, age when entering into marriage, marital status at the moment of entering into marriage. Quantity strategy has been used in the research paper. Regularities achieved by means of the statistic analysis method have provided a general picture of the situation of spouses getting divorced and facilitated a confrontation of the results with statistic model assumptions. These regularities have been completed with spouses’ statements, which have given a new significance to the results obtained within the statistic analysis and have provided interesting possibilities to interpret them. Additionally, the aforementioned statements have enriched the contents of this thesis, as individual’s opinions often appeal more to the reader than „dry” statistical data. The thesis consists of three parts: theoretical, methodological and empirical. In the theoretical part (consisting of three chapters) the following issues have been analysed: spouses’ psychological maturity, values and their significance in spouses’ lives (with specific consideration given to the values of education), divorce as a social problem (statistical data illustrating the situation of divorces in Poland), the reasons for a divorce conflict, the state of research regarding psychosocial consequences of divorce for parents and children. Taking into consideration the fact that the research describes married couples participating in mediation, the theoretical part includes basic information about it and the procedure of suspending divorce proceedings. The methodological part includes research questions and hypotheses, the method of gathering data, variables and research procedure. The research group has been described, taking into account its characteristic features, such as the age of spouses, the age at the moment of getting married, level of education, type of living (together/apart), the number of children, the number of siblings, the marital status of the spouses at the moment of getting married. The next five chapters – empirical – refer directly to the hypotheses tested and to the responses to research questions concerning the causes of the deterioration of marriage relations. It has been assumed in this thesis that marriage is a value, hence factors considered to be especially important are those underlying the decision to suspend the divorce proceedings for some time in order to fix the damaged relations. The results of the research carried out have confirmed all the verified hypotheses, so it turned out that both spouses’ maturity (including responsibility), conjugal family of origin, longer duration of marriage, higher income, shorter mediation sessions as well as declaration to participate in a therapy favour the suspension of divorce proceedings. In turn, the decision to get divorced coexists with declaring premarital pregnancy and hiring an attorney in mediation. In response to the research questions posed, such causes have also been named which in the opinion of the spouses researched have had a decisive influence on the deterioration of marital relations, and as such favoured divorce and not the suspension of divorce proceedings. They are as follows (listed from the most frequently to the most infrequently declared): adultery, mother-in-law’s interference, addiction, problems with work, child’s birth, a child from previous relationship, illness and disability in the family, father-in-law’s interference, miscarriage, departure abroad, others. The results of statistical analysis have shown the following reasons for the deterioration of marital relations, which significantly differentiate the group getting divorced from the one suspending divorce proceedings: adultery, addiction, problems with work, child’s birth. It must be emphasised that while both verifying the hypotheses tested and discussing the reasons for the deterioration of marital relations, statements regarding maturity with special concern given to the value of responsibility have been searched for in the spouses’ statements. It has been assumed that maturity and pursuing values in life have key significance for postponing the decision about divorce. Numerous detailed issues experienced by spouses in the divorce crisis have been listed in the thesis. Knowing these problems and the attempts to solve them may be used during various meetings and workshops, which aim at shaping correct attitudes towards marriage and family. Using some problem illustrations in writing educational programs for schools, preparing young people for married life is also worth considering.
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sigital copy of the books published in 1879 by H. Georg, LIBRAIRE-ÉDITEUR PARIS, in Geneva and Basel
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The inquiries presented in this monograph cover the entirety of the religious and cultural heritage created by the Orthodox monastic communities that have existed for a thousand years on the Holy Mount Athos in Greece. The research shows the scope and the way of using the sense of sight as a creator and at the same time a receptor of material and spiritual reality, which is manifested in the local liturgy, architecture, art and literature, as well as in mysticism, prayer and the way of everyday life of monks. The scale of the involvement of the sight in the creation and interpretation of Athos reality is determined by two existential factors – on the one hand, the usability of natural creations and works of human hands, and on the other hand, the influence of things on human consciousness in the physical and metaphysical dimension of being. As a result of the visual integration of these two processes, the objects used on the Holy Mount in sacred and secular activities gain their own agency, which manifests itself in their practical and symbolic functions. Due to the fact that these functions are performed in relations with their contractors, things, thus, become props with the help of which people express and interpret their faith and knowledge, experienced emotions, as well as their own attitude towards the world and fellow human beings. Using the sight in this process takes places in several ranges of vision: (1) mystical insight, (2) perception of light, (3) perception of shapes, (4) vision of colors, (5) motion detection.
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THE ORIGINAL COPY FOR DIGITZATION HAS BEEN PRINTED IN GERMAN FRAKTURA FONT. PLEASE EDIT THE TABLE OF CONTENT FILE TO MAKE SURE, THAT YOU’LL BE ABLE TO READ THE TEXT. // The reason for this work was given to me by Adolf Harnack's study published last year under the title "The spirit of the oriental church in contrast to the occidental one". ... Who should answer Harnack's questions on behalf of the Christian East? ... The intelligentsia of the Christian East, which creates its general culture, must give an account of what it is owing for its cultural work to its own religious history and how the spirit and yield of this work, which for the West is primarily embodied in Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy, should be related to the values of the Occident: whether Orient and Occident are hostile to each other, or whether both form a higher, basically identical unit. (Author’s intro)
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The study is focused primarily on manuscripts (MSS) from the library of the St. Catherine's monastery on Mount Sinai. The aim is to show what, where, and how according to the MSS studied the medieval chant repertories have been assembled to form an Oktoechos as a book.
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The book, penned by Maria Krzysztof Byrski – an eminent authority on India, Poland’s former Ambassador to the country, and a long-standing lecturer at the University of Warsaw and Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi – offers a Polish translation and original exegesis of chosen hymns of the Rigveda, the oldest text of the Hinduist tradition. The author points out non-obvious affinities between the Hinduist and Christian thoughts and a refreshing potential availed to Christianity by the Rigvedic notion of creative sacrifice.
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FROM AUTHOR’s PREFACE: Since the appearance of this book ten years ago, the literature on its subject has considerably increased. The learned work of Troeltsch, the best introduction to the historical study of religious thought on social issues, can now be read in an English translation, as can also the articles of Weber on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. The omission from my book of any reference to post-Reformation Catholic opinion was a serious defect, which subsequent writers have done something to repair. The development of economic thought in medieval Italy; the social forces at work in the Germany of Luther, and his attitude to them; the economic doctrines of Calvin; the teaching of the Jesuits on usury and allied topics; English social policy during the Interregnum; the religious and social outlook of the French bourgeoisie of the same period; the attitude of Quakers, Wesleyans, and other bodies of English Nonconformists to the changing economic world which confronted them in the eighteenth century, have all had books devoted to them. In the somewhat lengthy list of articles on these and kindred subjects, those by the late Professor Sée, M. Halbwachs, and Mr Parsons, and an article by Mr. Gordon Walker which has just appeared in The Economic History Review, specially deserve attention. It will be seen, therefore, that the problems treated in the following pages, if they continue to perplex, have not ceased to arouse interest
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The book contains, in chronological order according to the date of publication, Czech translations of all the documents of the International Theological Commission with introductory studies in Czech. In addition, there are also Czech translations of two documents of the Pontifical Biblical Commission and some other documents of the Roman Pontifical Councils. These texts are very important for the formation of theologians both in the basic course and in doctoral studies. The individual texts are devoted to specific areas of systematic theology or to particular pressing issues facing theology in the contemporary world. The book should be part of the equipment of every student of theology, every teacher of any theological subject, and all workers in the field of pastoral care. It is sure to find a resonance also in the wider circle of those interested in the issues of faith and Christian thought in our country.
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The issue of prophethood is one of the fundamental principles of Islamic belief. Explaining the necessity of the institution of prophethood and responding to the criticisms directed at it are of great importance for establishing the doctrine of prophethood on a solid foundation. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the views on prophethood of Abū Manṣūr alMāturīdī (d. 333/944), the founder of the Māturīdī school of theology, and one of the prominent theologians of this school, Nūr al-Dīn al-Sābūnī (d. 580/1184). al-Māturīdī, who lived in 4th/10th-century Samarkand, explained, defended, and systematized the tenets of faith accepted in the Ḥanafī tradition since Abū Ḥanīfa using the theological method. In this way, the theological approach within the Abū Ḥanīfa line evolved into a formal theological school through Māturīdī’s contributions. al-Sābūnī, who lived in 6th/12th-century Bukhara, contributed significantly to the dissemination and recognition of al-Māturīdī’s views through his written works. This research examines the approximately 250-year period from al-Māturīdī to al-Sābūnī with a particular focus on the issue of prophethood. The findings indicate that al-Māturīdī thoroughly addressed the topic of prophethood in his works, employing both rational and textual (naqlī) evidence to explain its necessity and developing original interpretations on the subject. al-Sābūnī, in general, adopted al-Māturīdī’s views on prophethood and defended them in his writings. However, al-Sābūnī diverged from al-Māturīdī in his understanding of infallibility (ʿisma), accepting that some prophets might have committed “mistakes” and disagreeing with the notion that prophets must be from urban backgrounds. Furthermore, he used different proofs for the validation of prophethood and included criticism of the Ḥashwiyya sect in his struggle against opponents of prophethood, which marks another distinction from Māturīdī’s approach.
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There is agreement among scholars that Justin Popović is one of the greatest Orthodox theologians of the twentieth century, although it is still a matter of debate what makes his theology great. While other Orthodox thinkers are not difficult to connect with their specific theological contribution, such as Sergius Bulgakov with sophiology, Georgi Florovsky with neopatristic synthesis, Hristo Janaras with ontology of personality and Metropolitan John Ziziulas with eucharistic ecclesiology, it is not easy to immediately answer what constitutes Justin's legacy. The claim that his criticism of European civilization is the main feature of Justin's thought would be a mere reduction of the author's voluminous oeuvre to a few interwar writings, especially in light of the fact that his criticism of the West from an Orthodox perspective is neither original nor theologically innovative. Before turning our attention to the theological topics that Justin dealt with and drawing preliminary conclusions regarding his theological legacy, we will give a historical introduction to his life.
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