„Unter di fener fun Bund”. Sfera wizualna Bundu

Author(s): Renata Piątkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2018

In the visual aspects of the Bund, the party of the Jewish proletariat, the universal symbols of socialism, the working class and labor unions blended with national iconography and the Yiddish language. It embraced the press, posters, leaflets and publication, election campaigns, photographs, joint May Day celebrations, sports events and school exhibitions, portraits of heroes, burials of merited activists and the erection of their tombstones. In the visual message of Tsukunft, the youth offshoot of Bund, there was a pronounced and meaningful artistic aspect, which was connected with Hersz Cyna (1911–1942), a student of the Academy of Fine Arts and a Tsukunft member himself. This was an exceptional combination of talent and political involvement in Bund iconography. We can also come across the Bund counterculture, opposed to the Judaist religious tradition, in the cemeteries. In the message found on the tombstones of the dead comrades (Józef Jankielewicz, Bejnisz Michalewicz and Józef Chmurner in Warszaw and Izrael Lichtenstein in Łódź), Bund strongly articulated its ideological distinctness, emphasized its faithfulness to the cause of Jewish laborers, the right to choose a secular path in life, the fight to develop national culture and Yiddish education. The graves of Bund activists stand out by their modern form, lay nature, the use of working-class iconography not seen in cemeteries so far (hammer, torch, steering wheel), a strong partisan and national message.

Мелхиседек у старозаветном предању

Author(s): Jovan Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2014

The author investigates the development of the Melchizedek tradition. He first analyzes the present- day reconstructions of the ’historical’ Melchizedek. In this respect, the author tackles the problem of consistency of Genesis 14, where we read about this character for the first time. After that, the author makes an attempt to determine the area where Melchizedek exercised his royal and priesthood duties. The author also focuses on the Old Testament tradition, especially on the Genesis 14 and Psalm 110. He reflects on the etymology of the name Melchizedek, he analyzes the relationship between Melchizedek and Abraham, he also explores the cult model practiced by Melchizedek in relation to the cult model practiced by Abraham. The author then turns to the possible background reconstruction of the Psalm 110, the circumstances that prevailed in its formation, as well as the various possibilities of text dating. The author finally tries to reconstruct the content of this Psalm, to get to the heart of its message, and to highlight the historical, eschatological and messianic meaning of the Biblical text.

Месијанска звања у Еноховим Параболама

Author(s): Ljiljana Jovanović / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Serbian Issue: 3/2014

The thesis explores the relation between Messiah titles in Enoch Parables and New Testament manuscripts by comparative literary analyses. The aim of the document is to identify the similarities and dissimilarities among above mentioned texts and at the same time to answer the question who Enoch the Son of Man is?

Левитско свештенство у опусу Излазак–Исус Навин – редови и службе –

Author(s): Jovan Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

The author discusses the Levitical priesthood from Exodus to Joshua. He first reflects on the Wellhausen’s reconstruction of the Levitical priesthood, its perception, variation and criticism. In his review of the Biblical references, the author points to the Levitical priesthood orders such as Levites, priests and the oldest priest and their role in social life and in cult practice. The cult practice was the distinctive feature of the Levites and it was crucial for their segregation in the Israel tribes, as well as for the internal segmentation within the Levitical priesthood. The author investigates the problem of the real (historical) existence of the various Levitical priesthood orders and he shows that it was viable and probably more complex than one could guess because it included the subgroup of the order: „Levite–priests“.

Савременост Јовове патње [Честертоново и Жижеково тумачење Књиге о Јову]

Author(s): Blagoje Pantelić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2013

Through the assessment of the possible actuality of Book of Job with a view of suffering of the innocent in mind, the author critically reviews the pros and cons of non-classical biblical exegesis, of which the interpretation of the Book of Job by Gilbert Keith Chesterton and Slavoj Žižek is exemplary. By using the results of contemporary philosophical research, convential forms and phrases of classical biblical exegesis are avoided. Non-classical exegesis has managed to avoid the anachronism and to find the new ways by which the biblical thought today can move, shedding light on insights and events from multiple sides, and it has even managed to ask the old questions in a new manner, as well as foreseeing the new problems. With all the benefits of such exegesis, it is not immune to common oversights that sometimes are not that harmless or negligible.

Мелхиседек у интертестаментарном предању – прилог контекстуализацији Посланице Јеврејима 7 –

Author(s): Jovan Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2013

Melchizedek is one of the most mysterious figures of the Old Testament. In the New Testament, he is presented as both a type and an archetypeof the Lord Jesus Christ. The personality of Melchizedek is deeply rooted in the intertestamental tradition. Whether this tradition could be used in the analysis of the Melchizedek. Christology of the Hebrews together with a number of some other messianic passages of the New Testament, remains an open question among the modern day scholars. This is the reason the author of this article begins his investigation with the analysis of the modern day reviews on the subject. Then he points to the testimony of the Judeo- Hellenistic literature on Melchizedek and also to the traditional Judeo- Palestinian teaching on Melchizedek. The author is particularly interested in the rabinic, targumic and the apocalyptic versions of these teachings. He is also focused on the well-known Qumran text 11QMelch which is often used in the clarification of the eschatological anticipations from the beginning of the Christian era. This text is also useful in a possible contextualization of the New Testament Christology, the one which is present in the Luke 4 and in the Hebrews 7 in particular.

Теолошко, хагиографско и биографско тумачење Псалма 7

Author(s): Goran Mladenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2013

Modern exegesis of psalms is classified according to their genres. The method by which the psalms are divided by their content and time of creation is no longer so widely in use in their interpretation. However, the division of the psalm by their literary form is not accepted by all theologians, nor did it provide adequate exegetical results that were expected of it. Claus Westermann (1909–2002) professor of Old Testament at the University of Heidelberg, divided the Psalms only in two major groups: theocentric (praise and thanksgiving) and anthropocentric (prayer and lament). The author is presenting only prayer psalms in the introduction of this study, in a more condensed form, in order to leave more space for a theological, hagiographic and biographic interpretation of 7. psalm, which belongs to this poetic corpus. The enquiry for the author’s personal interpretive context, in which the Psalms are only its exciting image, is one of the primary goals of this short study. That is why it is very important to approach Psalms from the viewpoint of poetic–religious biography, and at the same time to point out how the historical and theological experience takes a poetic form.

Врачара ендорска: 1. Сам. 28 у рабинској и хришћанској егзегези до 800. године после Христа

Author(s): Klaas A. D. Smelik / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

Though mainly the Rabbinic and Christian exegeses of I Sam. 28 differ, there are many similarities in interpretation. As it appears, the Rabbinic exegesis at least must have been known to some Christian writers. But apparently Rabbinic and Christian exegetes did not influence each other very much on this subject. Since they share, however, most of the basic principles of interpretation regarding the Scriptures, Patristic and Rabbinic exegesis are far more congenial to each other than to the rationalistic exegesis of later times.

Како је Христос тумачио Свето Писмо?

Author(s): E. Earle Ellis / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

The Judaism of Jesus’ day was a Torah-centric religion. To gain any hearing among his people Jesus’ teaching also had to be Torahcentric. Thus it was necessary, not only from his own conviction of the Law as the word of God and of himself as the fulfilment of that Law but also from practical considerations, that our Lord show by his teachings as well as by his acts that his message and his messianic person stood in continuity with and in fulfilment of Israel’s ancient word from God. It is in this frame of reference that one finds the meaning of Jesus’ interpretation of his Bible.

James L. Crenshaw: Old Testament Wisdom: An Introduction

Author(s): Slaviša Kostić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

Текст и текстуална критика историјских књига Старог Завета

Author(s): Albert M. Walters / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2-3/2008

ДВИЖЕЊЕТО НА ШАБАТАЈ ЦВИ И НЕГОВОТО ВЛИЈАНИЕ ВРЗ ЕВРЕИТЕ ВО ЕВРОПА

Author(s): Vladimir Janev / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1-2/2013

The exposure of the Jewish element to constant persecutions by the authorities created a movement that ideologically opposed attempts at assimilation and the disappearance of Judaism. It actually represented a new form of Messianism adapted to the political situation in that period. After the mass exile of the Jews in 1492 from Spain, Portugal and other European countries, the disappointed population required an explanation of its own position in mysticism. It was then that Jews began to preach that the Messiah would soon come to gather all of them and establish a Jewish kingdom.

Myśliciele żydowscy XX wieku – Gershom Scholem (1897–1982)

Author(s): Marek Urban / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

The contribution of the Jewish thinkers to world philosophy is difficult to measure. Many of them became assimilated, adapting their mentality to the mentality of the countries in which they lived. It is worth mentioning here such figures as Henri Bergson, Léon Brunschvicg, Georg Simmel and Ernst Cassirer. Franz Rosenzweig, Martin Buber or Emmanuel Levinas traced their thinking back to religious and historic origins. They attempted to explain away philosophical and universal problems, reinstating Jewish and biblical metaphysics, without formally referring to the Jewish thought. However, when they devote themselves to their own work, they are Jewish through and through. There is yet another group of Jews: agnostic and atheistic Jews desperately seeking salvation, striving to discover their own identities, shattered by Shoah. I undertake to analyse the output of these thinkers, who, as it were, feel uncomfortable in their own skin. Gershom Scholem’s considerations of messianism, hasidism and kabbalah show different ways of seeking the identity of being Jewish and understanding the history of Judaic thought.

The translator as historian

Author(s): Judith Woodsworth / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This case study of Québécois scholar Pierre Anctil reveals the unusual intellectual trajectory of a social anthropologist who has translated an assortment of material from Yiddish into French: poetry, memoirs, literary history, and archival material. He has drawn on these sources, previously unavailable to scholars unfamiliar with the language in which they were written, and has made use of them to construct a fresh historical narrative. The article examines his motives for translating, along with the wide-ranging impact of his work in literary and scholarly circles, as well as in the public sphere.

Evreii din Moineștiul de altadata - repere peste timp

Author(s): Roxana Bocancea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2021

Dans les années 1900, la ville de Moinești abritait une grande communauté juive dont les traces sont encore visibles. Marchands, artisans, petits fonctionnaires ou hommes d’affaires, les juifs de Moinești étaient très bien organisés, étant impliqués dans les domaines les plus importants de l’économie locale. Depuis 2012, la communauté israélite ne compte plus des membres à Moinesti, à cause d un intensif procès d’émigration vers Israel.

The Dialogue between Metal and Verse in the Artistic Landscapes of Arieh Merzer and Itsik Manger

Author(s): Helen Beer / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article examines the intersections between the visual artist Arieh Merzer (who worked in metal) and the Yiddish poet Itsik Manger and the ways in which their individual artistic expression reflected different aspects of Jewish culture and tradition. The work of both artists is informed by their respective homelands and subsequent migrations. Merzer’s and Manger’s work incorporate Jewish/ Yiddish folk culture which they reformulate. Their artistic creations contain implicit cultural references, inspired by traditional and religious sources which are then situated in new contexts. The visual nature of Manger’s poetic imagery and the poetic style of Merzer’s art is striking. The article highlights parallel motifs in Merzer’s art and Manger’s poetry and describes how these are rendered. Some of the material which both include in their work such as the Khumesh and Yiddish folksongs is discussed. The ways in which both artists transform these subjects according to their individual sensibilities within the context of their own lives and times is at the heart of the dialogue between metal and verse.

Una madre...: a Judeo-Spanish Song and Its Resonances

Author(s): Eleazar Gutwirth / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The discovery of three different early modern (but with late medieval content?) Cairene MSS in Judeo-Spanish, whose codicological independence from each other is clear because of differences in paleography, mise en page and textual variants, justifies a return to the motif of “the mother who ate her child”. A translation into English of the MS fragments is followed by comparisons with e.g. Near Eastern and Greco-Roman sources. Attention is paid to the new unprecedented elements in the Genizah texts and an attempt to contextualize them is made.

Yakov Psantir: A Maskil Interested in History, Writer in Yiddish and Hebrew

Author(s): Lucian-Zeev Herșcovici / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The aim of our paper is to present the work and thought of Yakov (Jacob) Psantir (1820-1902) (sometimes spelled Psanter), a maskil who wrote popular historical works in Yiddish and Hebrew about the history of the Jews in Romania. We will also tackle his position on the Haskalah movement in this country.

The Semantics of Nineteenth Century Yiddish Periodical Titles in Romania. Identity and Community Subjects and Recurrences

Author(s): Augusta Costiuc Radosav / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In the nineteenth century, the press was a fundamental means of expression whereby Jewish society manifested its desire to be a part of modernity and of the major social changes in the “great history”. Yiddish periodicals were an essential part of this new way of expression, by which Jewish society adjusted itself to the parameters of modernity. Through their concentrated and concise expression, the titles of Yiddish periodicals are an illustrative indicator of the main currents of ideas, debates, realignments and redefinitions of identity in Jewish society. The semantic analysis of these titles of Yiddish periodicals from nineteenth century Romania reveals several thematic sequences, which delineate corresponding semantic series: the first circumscribes the identity issue and, primarily, the identity typology of Zionism, revealing the materialisation in public sphere of some type-characters such as the colonist, the emigrant, or the traveller; the second has a civic-political content, reflecting the establishment of modern typologies such as the public figure (the politician) and the exemplary figure (the hero) in the public sphere; the third refers to community issues, illustrating the emergence of new types of authority figures in the public sphere, such as the advisor, the observer, the awakener, or the compass; and the fourth is related to words or names that are compounds of the word “folk” (Volk) or “people’s” (Volks). The titles of Yiddish periodicals epitomise within discourse some key elements that mark the evolution of the history-reality of the Jews in Romania.

Opodatkowanie przychodów z tytułu koszeryzacji żywności zryczałtowanym podatkiem dochodowym od przychodów osób duchownych

Author(s): Michalina Duda-Hyz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2021

The aim of the article was to analyse the legal provisions regulating the flat rate income tax on the income of the clergy with respect to the taxation of remuneration of rabbis and assistant rabbis for activities related to koshering food. The research conducted for the purposes of this publication is based on the following hypotheses. First, in the case of rabbis and assistant rabbis who draw income from koshering food, the conditions pertaining to the subject and function are fulfilled, as the taxpayer is a member of the clergy, and the activities undertaken by such a person in the course of kosherization have a pastoral function. Second, the possibility of using a simplified form of taxation is determined by the status of the organizational unit within which members of the clergy are employed and the manner in which the legal relationship constituting the basis for payment of remuneration is formed.