RETORIKA SI SFIDË E KOMUNIKIMIT EFEKTIV

Author(s): Albina Pajo,Ediola Nase / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Rhetoric is the primary field of knowledge which has, on the one side, continually set forward the question of the language being a means of communication and has proposed systematic techniques, with the view of improving it. Likewise, rhetoric is a perfect reinforcing element of the argumentative skills, an inner force, and as such, nowadays it it widely used in the field of "Linguistic elements' of an effective communication. Today's study of the linguistic strategies, moves on the direct level of traditional rhetoric, which appreciates the "the-well known language", which, according to them, is supposed to be adopted to the social background, for a total accomplishement of its primary function, which as a matter of facts, it communication, itself.

SCHREIBEN IN DER HYPOTAXE – SPRECHEN IN DER PARATAXE?

Author(s): Amela Ćurković / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

This article examines the extent to which the hypothesis of Peter Auer , which is emphasized in the title, is true: "Writing in the hypotaxis - Speaking in the parataxis?".

Negacja w tekście prawnym

Author(s): Beata Burska-Ratajczyk,Radosław Burski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Soukromý dopis: mezi psaným textem a mluveným dialogem

Author(s): Jana Hoffmannová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This paper begins by discussing the stylistic characteristics of correspondence and emphasizes the concept of correspondence as dialogue (constructed from turns in the form of letters) as well as the inner dialogical character of each individual letter. It points to the increasingly informal nature of letters at presentand to the permeation of spoken Czech into letter-writing. The second part of the paper views the letters of well-known individuals, in this case the love letters of the Czech authors Jan Neruda and Karel Čapek, from a pragmatic perspective. Using pragmatic parameters, the politeness/impoliteness and so-called temperature of the letters are observed. The third part is devoted to a stylistic analysis of contemporary letters, specifically of the typical correspondence of young people (from the Corpus of Private Correspondence, a part of the Czech National Corpus).

Pedagogical perspectives on bundles: Teaching bundles to doctoral students of biochemistry

Author(s): Andreas Eriksson / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper explores lexical bundles from a pedagogical perspective, targeting two issues in particular: the selection of bundles for teaching purposes and students’ perception of different learning activities. Two small corpora of doctoral student writing and published articles were compiled for use in two workshops dedicated to lexical bundles. The assessment of learning activities used in the workshops was based on classroom observations, student notes and discussions. The results underline the importance of taking into account the field in which the students work when selecting bundles. They also indicate that the most useful activities are those in which the students started out by speculating about usage in their own discipline and those in which they were asked to use bundles within the context of their own research. The implication is that these activities offered opportunities for deep level processing.

Интонационные конструкции русского языка и ошибки в их употреблении в речи чешских студентов

Author(s): Anastasija Sokolova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Classes for Russian as a foreign language need to pay special attention to work with intonation structures (IS) that can be used in different ways depending on the communicative situation or, depending on the function of the IS in context. It is also necessary to take into account features of intonation structures of native language students Russian as a foreign language.

Dialogue in the Conflict Situation: Two Types of Rhetorical Interaction

Author(s): Agnieszka Budzyńska-Daca,Renata Botwina / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main idea of the study is to present the specifics of the two forms of communication in the event of a dispute that is a conflict in the public sphere. It is assumed that the forms of conflict resolution are debate and negotiation. The paper will present the differences in the rhetorical structure of the debate and negotiation species (in the sphere of inventio, dispositio and elocutio) and answer the question: what are the communication barriers of both forms of participation in the dispute? In addition, the authors will analyze at the goals of rhetorical actors in the debate and negotiations specifics. Finally, these insights will be applied to the rhetorical specifics of the dialogue. What is more, the authors will discuss the opposition problem - debate versus dialogue - noting that some scholars consider debating a disease of the Western civilization (Flick (1998), Tannen (1998)). The paper aims to answer the question whether the debate tends to be perceived in the same way in the budding democracies of Central and Eastern Europe. The study will be supported by the observations and examples of Polish democracy.

NYELVI-PRAGMATIKAI JELLEMZŐK KÜLÖNBÖZŐ SZÖVEGTÍPUSOKBAN

Author(s): Réka Suba / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The production and decoding of media texts are phenomena that display certain linguistic and extralinguistic peculiarities. In the case of audio-visual texts, there is a set of overtly expressed meanings accompanied by a number of hidden, unstated meanings, called implied or implicated meanings. This study attempts to make a contrastive analysis of presuppositions on a corpus extracted from two main types of media texts: the discourse of advertising and radio news, focusing on the semantic–pragmatic implications of each.

CADRE COŞERIENE ÎN POEZIA LUI V. VOICULESCU

Author(s): Sorin Gheorghe Suciu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Starting from the context theory, we identified and revealed the speaking frames of two of V. Voiculescu’s poems. Our linguistic and po(i)etic journey tried to reveal the thresholds of those frames theorized by Eugenio Coşeriu, thresholds which are not closing but opening the poet’s spiritual horizon. We made this journey through the “common” Romanian words, decayed, seemingly, to the status of chat tools. Briefly, we tried to reaffirm the world’s Logos-centred spirit reflected from the work of a traditional poet, combining, transdisciplinary, Coşeriu’s tools being useful in the development of one of the newest branches of linguistics, pragmatics.

Logic of the Proper

Author(s): Jelisaveta Blagojević / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Pomiędzy nomina sunt odiosa a damnatio memoriae. O strategiach wykluczania za pomocą nazw własnych

Author(s): Mariusz Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an attempt at a discourse analysis of the naming sphere, aimed at describing such cases of using and concealing proper names that are intended to the exclude/marginalise the persons. The examples of renaming, euphemising and deliberate omission of names at different levels of discourse will be shown. All these operations have one thing in common: the belief that absence of names or their concealment can be an effective social action. A symbolic omitting or concealing/forgetting a name is sometimes treated as a means of (symbolic) action on an object. Specific cases of such actions from political, historical and media discourse will be analysed.

ICH WEIẞ NICHT und NE ZNAM: Über direkte Vermittlung von Nicht-Wissen hinaus

Author(s): Minka Džanko / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The use of I DON’T KNOW in informal and institutional face-to-face and telephone conversations has been researched in German (Bergmann 2017; Helmer/Reineke/Deppermann 2016; Helmer/Depppermann 2017) and numerous other languages (Aijmer 2009; Beach/Metzger 1997; Keevallik 2006; Weatherall 2013). Depending on it’s formal aspects such as syntactic and phonetic reduction, the turn position and it’s orientation (retrospective or prospective), I DON’T KNOW has been associated with numerous functions beyond expressing lack of knowledge. This paper deals with ICH WEIẞ NICHT and NE ZNAM in German and Bosnian doctor-patient-interaction. It focusses on the sequential and interactional use of these phrases by German and Bosnian patients. The analysis reveals that both phrases are used as epistemic and pragmatic markers. In contrast to the German data, the Bosnian phrase NE ZNAM appears as a stand-alone answer to a medical question and indicates complete lack of knowledge. My research draws on interactional data consisting of 29 German medical conversations as well as 28 Bosnian medical encounters. The data was examined and compared by using conversation analysis.

Pragmatische Aspekte des Schweigens. Analyse am Beispiel des Romans Ehre von Elif Shafak

Author(s): Zerina Brkić,Alma Halidović / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The following paper aims at describing the linguistic and pragmatic meaning of silence in the German language. The analysis is based on examples from Shafak's novel Ehre and covers the description of silence by using verbs and phrases (schweigen, schwieg, das Schweigen, ohne Worte und kein Wort). A short literature review highlights the theoretical positioning of silence in verbal communication, the different typologies, and their pragmatic characteristics. Other sections deal with the functions of silence in oral communication and pragmatic aspects of silence.

Pragmatisch-kommunikative Funktionen der Konstruktion [Nnom+machen+sich+ADJ] in der politischen Berichterstattung in deutschen Tageszeitungen

Author(s): Zineta Lagumdžija / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to describe the structure, frequency and communicational functions of the [Nnom1 +machen+sich+ADJ2 ] construction, in political reports from selected German daily newspapers. In order to describe this construction, we use methods of Construction Grammar. Construction Grammar is one of the most attractive theoretical models of language description in the last few decades which sees structures as unity of form and meaning at all linguistic levels. The paper reconstructs the [Nnom+machen+sich+ADJ] construction as a complex construction on the sentence level, through the combination of constructions at lexeme level, paired with a certain meaning, which is determined by the type of a construction.

STUDIUM LINGVISTICKÉ ZDVOŘILOSTI: PŘEHLEDOVÁ STUDIE

Author(s): Marie Lahodová Vališová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to compare, contrast and discuss speech act research in twelve cross-cultural and intercultural studies presenting original findings concerning linguistic politeness. Most studies have focused on comparing English with other languages. As for the instruments, Discourse Completion Tasks/Tests (DCT) have been the most commonly used method, followed by interviews and role plays.

ŘEČOVÉ AKTY OMLUVY U ČESKÝCH STUDENTŮ V ANGLIČTINĚ (L2): VYBRANÉ VÝSLEDKY PŘEDVÝZKUMU

Author(s): Marie Lahodová Vališová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

During the second half of the 20th century, there was a shift in focus in second language acquisition research from linguistic competence to communicative and pragmatic competence (Hymes, 1972; Canale & Swain, 1980; Canale, 1983; Bachman, 1990; Bachman & Palmer, 1996; Usó-Juan & Martínez-Flor, 2006). This resulted in a growing number of studies on speech acts in general. Motivated by a lack of studies on the speech acts of apology in conversations of Czech learners of English as a foreign language, my dissertation project aims to shed light on apology strategies used by Czech university students. The aim of this paper is to shows the findings of the pilot investigation. The first aim of the study was to compare two data collection techniques – the open-ended written discourse completion task (DCT) and oral production task (OPT). The second aim was to investigate the use of apology strategies by Czech learners of English. The findings suggest that both of the data collection techniques produce very similar data, as the three main apology strategies used by the respondents were the same: they were statements of remorse, reparation and accounts.

A GRAFIKAI REPREZENTÁCIÓ EGYIK SAJÁTOS MEGVALÓSULÁSI FORMÁJA, A RÖVID SZÖVEGES ÜZENETEK VIRTUÁLIS NYELVE – A FORDÍTÁS ÉS FORDÍTHATÓSÁG SZEMSZÖGÉBŐL

Author(s): Réka Suba / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The language of short text messages (omission of sonants, unique contractions, phonetic script, uppercase or lowercase styles of writing, shortened versions of English words, etc.), with its idiosyncratic norms and rules of use, makes up a part of everyday reality for the younger generation and is engendered by the need for transmitting as much information as possible within the framework of mobile technology. However, in recent times, it presents itself not only in the peculiarities of everyday speech acts, but also in advertisement campaigns launched by multinational companies. If this is the case, these advertisements, brochures, and invitations need to be translated into the language of other ethnic groups, which often requires unique adaptations in the case of these texts. Considering that specific features of expression sometimes differ form one language to the next, this task is no small challenge to translators.

FUNCŢIA FATICĂ ÎN LIMBAJUL JURNALISTIC

Author(s): Doina Butiurcă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Not all language functions established by the founders of traditional linguistics (Buhler, R. Jakobson) have the same preponderance in the journalistic style – it has been proved by Dumistrăcel Stelian, Dumitru Irimia and Rodica Zafiu. This is the assertion that our study is based on. If the function of transmitting information (denoting) is ubiquitous in the public and private speech, phatic function imposes itself by a variety of expressions: the phatic appellative function, phatic conative function etc. Except for the cognitive function used in legal, administrative and religious texts, all other functions are strongly manifested in the language of journalism and will be the concern of our work. The actants are periodically situated on the same level of communication, the exchange of words remaining a complex problem.

« Bonjour à tou·te·s... » : de quelques valeurs de l'ironie sur les forums de discussions autour de l'écriture inclusive

Author(s): Simina Mastacan / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In our article we propose to reflect on some linguistic and pragmatic values of irony, which we will observe on a corpus of reactions recorded in the comments section of a set of articles on inclusive writing. We built this corpus between the years 2017-2021, by examining some French-language newspapers available on the Internet (Le Causeur, Le Figaro, Le Monde). What seems interesting to us to observe is, in fact, the way in which irony multiplies and diversifies its forms in contact with new forms of media communication.

A KOMMUNIKATÍV MONDATPERSPEKTÍVA VIZSGÁLATA HÍRSZÖVEGEKBEN

Author(s): Réka Suba / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Since press translation is very different from all other translations, and in the translation of some media genres the translator makes large-scale changes or complete transformations to the information content of the news text, omitting information, inserting others, changing the title, or even changing the perspective, which can sometimes completely reorganize the communicative structure of the target-language-text sentences, the question arises as to how, in the case of translation, the semantic structuring of the original text affects the structuring of the translated text, whether the current structuring patterns are transferable from one language to another, or what justifies the difference, and if so, what effect it has on the content, whether it causes a change in the event structure.Taking the above into account, in the present paper we investigate the current tagging of news texts randomly selected from a corpus collected at the same point in time and the role of topic–topic structure in organizing the text. The common feature of the text samples is that they are summaries and abridged transcriptions of texts translated into Hungarian or news articles.