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The study attempts to analyze the need to build subjective Polish energy security in the context of its rich geothermal resources of the various regions of our country. Adoption of these measures allows not only to increase the diversification of sources of energy supply but also brings significant benefits in economic, social and environmental area. This issue is presented in three aspects: • Sources and resources of geothermal energy in selected regions of Poland; • Advantages and disadvantages of using geothermal energy; • Examples of the use of geothermal energy in some regions of Poland. The use of geothermal resources may also have significance in no-military defence dimension of the country. To explore the problem in detail, an analytic-synthetic research method was used.
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The economy of Bulgaria functions on the principles of the free market, having a large private sector and a smaller public one. Bulgaria is an industrialized upper-middle-income country according to the World Bank. We can make a point of last decade of Bulgarians development. Bulgaria has been one of the fastest growing Eastern European economies. It is a member of the European Union since 2007.
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Could business be successful and at the same time sparing resources and environment? Is it possible clean technologies and sustainable models to become a chance for the development of Bulgaria? Is eco responsible business will be only possible in the future?
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Bulgaria’s accession to the EU requires efforts to be a full member. Full membership includes the presence of the internal market and participation in EMU as an essential element joining the ERM II. EMU represents a higher degree of economic integration requiring the introduction of the single currency. In recent years the state of the economies of the EU strongly influenced by global financial crisis. Furthermore, it should consider the economic situation of EU countries that have not yet adopted EMU , among them Bulgaria . On the agenda is the implementation of the willingness of the country to adopt the euro as sole legal tender. However, this can only be done in the way of the steps go before that of the other member states of the eurozone.
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The study is aimed at uncovering the volatile nature of agricultural markets. Accordingly, analysed are the characteristics of demand using the Laws of King and Engel which explain two agrarian paradoxes – why farmers earn more at lower yields, and why richer people spend relatively less on food. It is found that the supply of agricultural products shows a significant departure from the traditional model from the so-called Normal law of supply. It responds significantly more elastically with rising prices of agricultural products, and less elastically with their decrease, and even in the latter case the prices may increase. Due to large deformations of supply and demand, the market mechanism does not function well on the agricultural market. There are many distortions inprice formation, respectively, in the redistribution of resources, income, etc. The high inelasticity of demand and supply of agricultural products causes major changes in prices for relatively small changes in supply and demand, leading to increased volatility of agricultural markets. Most of the agricultural markets cannot balance themselves and it is more difficult for them to achieve market equilibrium, due to the fact that the supply in the medium and long term becomes more elastic, and demand traditionally remains inelastic. The provision of up-todate market information and adequate state policy through interventions and regulation play an important role in stabilizing the agricultural markets.
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In this report we have presented strategies for attracting customers to a newly opened restaurant. The techniques may not work for every eating place because the clients are different and have various needs, preferences and interests. Therefore the desires of the clients must be identified. The selected means should have a good influence over the growth of the business.
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Modern society faces a problem – the loss of cultural and historical traditions and arts. Entrepreneurship provides an answer and can find a solution to this challenge. Using the full potential of the entrepreneurial process will keep Bulgarian folklore and make it attractive to the younger generation.
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A study conducted by the Research Department of the Secretariat General of the Arab Banking Union entitled ‘Developing the Arab Economy in 2014 and 2016’, shows that the economy has experienced a decline in Real GDP growth compared to 2012. Uncertainty, complexity and social conditions as well as political changes are among the major factors which hamper economic activity in the region. Economic freedom is one of the most important indicators of the level of conditions and the situation that prevail in any country, especially in the Arab countries. If this indicator is negative, it will reflect the country’s situation. Economic and social freedom is just a mirror of a political situation affected by many shortcomings culminating in a reaction to violence in which Arab governments faced the riots of the people during what became known as the Arab Spring. Compared to 2012, the Arab economy experienced a decline in real growth in 2013, which reflected the decline in real GDP growth. This was due to several factors, the most important of them being the fall in oil prices, the energy export earnings of oil-exporting countries, and the ongoing political and social unrest in the region since the beginning of theArab Spring.
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The article presents information about the economic activity of Eustati Selveli in 1843, a prominent Renaissance entrepreneur and public figure of the 19th century. It is a continuation of two previous publications that examined this activity of his in the period 1831–1842. In 1843, Eustati Selveli took active part in at least two business structures – the trading company called “Hadji Mincho Hadji Tsachev and Company,” founded together with Hadji Mincho hadji Tsachev, and the trading company called “Eustati Hadji Nikolaou Selveli and Company,” established together with Atanas hadji Nikolaou. Both were set up in 1841. The main part of the information presented in this article was acquired on the basis of Greek-language documents that are stored in the State Archives of Veliko Tarnovo and in the archives of the Regional Museum of History in Veliko Tarnovo. These include contracts concluded between Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji Nikolaou, a commercial notebook that belonged to their partnership, and a personal notebook of Eustati Selveli. The indicated historical sources contain information about the material and financial condition of Eustati Selveli and about his joint business activity with Atanas hadji Nikolaou. The article presents information about the business partners of Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji Nikolaou in the year under review; the items which the partners traded in and their prices; the monetary units they used when paying for supplies and their value equal to grosh (the local coin at the time); the ways of delivery of the goods, etc.
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Donations and charity most clearly reveal the sympathy, solidarity, and willingness of the people to support cultural, educational, health, and social initiatives that are useful for the whole society. The history of Veliko Tarnovo in recent times has been marked by numerous acts of charity, which have had a significant contribution to the development of the city, and which are a permanent testimony to the morality and humanity of the Tarnovo citizens. This study is an attempt to systematize the available information about donations in Veliko Tarnovo in order to get a general picture of who is making these donations, to whom, for what, and for what reasons.
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The article is dedicated to one of the most prominent representatives of geographical thought in Bulgaria – Prof. Marin Devedzhiev, Dr. Habil, whose 100th anniversary we celebrate in 2022. Prof. Devedzhiev is the founder and first head of the Department of Geography at the Faculty of History of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo. His contribution as a scientist and administrative head of various educational, public, and administrative structures in Bulgaria is highlighted. Through the historico-geographical approach, the scientific research fields are distinguished in which Marin Devedzhiev has published over 800 studies. The sectoral ‘dissection’ of his scientific profile includes: geodemography and geourbanism, geography of transport and geopolitics, and geography of service, history, economics. Also, the scientist’s theoretical, methodological, and practical contributions to the socio-economic prosperity of Bulgaria are outlined.
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This article examines the relationship between the current account, workers' remittances, and financial development while taking into Institutional quality in 14 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 1995-2020, using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL). By applying the index of political stability and absence of violence/terrorism as a measure of the Institutional environment and two indicators representing financial development, we found that financial development has a significant positive effect on the current account. This clearly reveals the complementarity between financial development and remittances to stimulate the current account balance. Furthermore, we highlight that the variable measuring political stability is negatively related to the current account balance, which implies that an increase in political Instability increases remittances inflows for the specific case of MENA countries. These results suggest an altruistic motivation for the MENA migrant's decision to transfer.
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In this paper the authors try to highlight some of the problems facing higher education in Bulgaria. The relevance of the problem and research attempts to analyze the system and its supporting elements are presented. The article is an attempt to take a picture of higher education in Bulgaria, in the context of the specialists prepared by it. Using a questionnaire survey, the authors derive the needs of the labor market and the regional focus of socio-economic development. Analysis and assessment of the opportunities for the formation of an online labor market is also conducted. The trends of the need for higher education specialists in the labor market are examined, drawing relevant conclusions and recommendations.
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We are noticing that, in a context where globalisation is an increasingly challenge for all organisations, regardless of their field of activity or form of organisation, the concept of corporate social responsibility is gaining in significant importance, becoming a differentiating „criterion” for all stakeholders involved: management, staff, employees, investors, customers, trade unions or NGOs. However, in the Romanian organisational environment, the implementation and development of the concept, particularly in the public sector, is still in the incipient stage, the communication and social involvement of organisations managing to take the first important steps, especially in the last decade. As such, awareness regarding the value of this type of organisations social involvement - socially responsible behaviour, sustainability, sustainable development - will be a step forward for society in general and can change, through a certain type of behaviour, our way of life even up to the macroeconomic level
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In a context of dynamic change, uncertainty, natural and political upheaval, attention is increasingly being paid to our behaviour and the example set by individuals and organisations. Challenges in modern governance related to the pandemic of the so called "pandemic of the "coronavirus", the military situation between Russia and Ukraine, energy problems, the continuous emergence of new diseases, create a prerequisite for uncertainty and crises in the work of the institutions, delays in organizational development and conditions for creating stress and an unfavorable working atmosphere. On the other hand, an uncertain external environment can also create positive conditions for improving teamwork, finding efficient solutions through organizational redesign and the application of innovative methods and techniques for employee retention and motivation, as well as enhancing the social function of organizations. The report aims to examine social responsibility in the process of organisational development and its relevance in the context of crises and uncertainty. Best practices that are discussed show a the relationship between the concepts of "corporate social responsibility", "motivation" and "organizational development". The examples reinforce the behaviours that modern organisations should exercise in order to be innovative and attractive enough for their future and current employees.
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In modern democracies, consultative councils are taking shape as a way to promote coordination, cooperation and capacity building of various actors in the public policy process. The nature of demographic policy is characterized by a high degree of complexity of problems and their potential solutions, as well as an impact on several other sectors of public governance. For this reason, coordination is shaped as a kind of challenge for the state authorities. One of the possible approaches, advocated in Bulgaria as well, is the creation of advisory councils charged with coordination functions. This article aims to present the development of the councils in the field of demographic policy and to summarize their specifics in the Bulgarian practice as tools for the coordination of demographic policy. A comparative analysis of the councils operating in the period 1995-2020 was carried out according to quantitative and qualitative criteria related to their structure and functioning.
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The global crisis that started with the COVID-19 pandemic and continues with/complicated by the war in Ukraine reflects on the actions of governments and the degree of state intervention in the various sectors of public governance. The article presents an analysis of the impact of the global crisis on public administration in the field of preschool and school education in Bulgaria. The study is searching for answers to the questions “How does the global crisis affect the functioning of the sector?” and "What actions are the Bulgarian governments taking to deal with its consequences?".
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This report is focused on the essential oppositions of four principles that administration is required to follow – responsibility, efficiency, subordination, accountability; and more specifically – on the competition between them, as well as on the desired and sought-after synthesis between them through a systemic approach. A normative method, a method of judicial interpretation and a doctrinal method of research are applied. The hypothesis in this report is that there is a constant and dynamic competition between the four principles researched, especially in the context of the strong change of the social and economic environment. The assumption is that responsibility and efficiency will increasingly dominate formal subordination and accountability. The verification of this assumption is carried out in a logical way. The result of the study can be traced through the cross-interaction of the principles of responsibility, efficiency, subordination and accountability. The conclusions are mostly related to practical proposals in relation to future legislation and a standardized simplified approach to administration accountability.
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