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Kierunki i profil emigracji mieszkańców województwa dolnośląskiego na tle polskiej emigracji w latach 2002 i 2011

Author(s): Katarzyna Iwińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

The goal of this paper is to analyze the scale, destinations and causes of temporary emigration from the Polish voivodeship of Lower Silesia. In this analysis, census data from the years 2002-2011 are used together with the information about the main destinations chosen by emigrants. The analysis also lists the reasons and socio-demographic characteristics of emigration from the Lower Silesian Voivodeship and from Poland.

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Ranking krajów UE na przykładzie The Europe 2020 Competitiveness report

Author(s): Andrzej Raszkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

The hereby article discusses problems referring to competitiveness of territorial units, based on the example of Europe 2020 Competitiveness Report, in relation to the European Union countries. The introduction presents reasons underlying the significance of modern competitiveness dimensions, best adjusted to contemporary world challenges. The importance of the new EU strategy Europe 2020, substituting the Lisbon Strategy, is emphasized. The next part of the article presents the outline of methodology characteristics for report preparation, with particular focus on seven pillars (sub-indices) of competitiveness. The core of the article is devoted to the presentation, along with the results interpretation, of the EU countries competitive position in the areas of smart growth, based on social inclusion, sustainable development and the overall competitiveness ranking.

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Czynniki rozwojowe w dokumentach strategicznych miast powiatowych na obszarze peryferyjnym województwa pomorskiego

Author(s): Jacek Sołtys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

The author puts forward two goals: 1) to verify the hypothesis that every territory has endogenous development potential; 2) to check whether the identification and analysis of development factors are adequate for the formulation of proper strategy. The author studied development factors in the capitals of poviats due to their role in the activation of peripheral areas (that is, located outside the metropolitan areas). SWOT lists of factors in strategies of these cities were the main source of information. Due to errors in these lists the author corrected them and analyzed the links between factors projecting growth directions. Studies show that each city has endogenous development factors. Its misfit or lack of certain factors is often a restriction of development. Finally, the author formulated proposals for methods of analysis of factors and planning of policies to use them.

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Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne w polityce badawczo-rozwojowej w układzie regionalnym w Polsce w okresie integracji europejskiej

Author(s): Robert Krzemień / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

Conducted investigations show that research and development sector slowly builds its position in the Polish economy. The growth of expenditure, though considerable in nominal terms, is only slightly quicker than the growth of GDP. Therefore the share of expenditure on R+D in GDP, as the most measurable coefficient, has not reached 1% of GDP. In the regional structure of R+D sphere the petrification of the state worked out at the beginning of transformation period is visible. The most economically developed regions, with the highest GDP level, show the highest involvement, the largest financial and human expenditure, whereas the regions with low level of economic development remain the outsider of research and development policy.

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Uwarunkowania tworzenia nowego modelu polityki regionalnej w Polsce

Author(s): Dorota Rynio / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

The model of regional policy in the EU and in Poland changes continuously. The changes character is not revolutionary but evolutionary. The realization of changes takes places in the long period of time, which influences the stability of regional system. In the conditions of deep differentiation inside regions and between them in Poland, the accepted model has to activate and boost competitiveness of areas of low level development and to increase the intense development of growth centers. The legal rule is the low level of intervention. The earlier model of regional policy in the EU did not bring expected results. That is why a new polarization-diffusion model should not use traditional instruments of stimulation and compensation of social-economic development.

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Ocena zależności między rozwojem inteligentnym a odpornością na kryzys ekonomiczny w wymiarze regionalnym – przegląd badań

Author(s): Małgorzata Markowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

The article presents the review of literature references in terms of the research covering a given (regional) territory performed, on the one hand, with regard to smart growth (the pillars: smart specialization, creative regions, innovation) and, on the other, referring to economic resilience as well as the concepts within which smart growth components are presented against the phenomena of economic crisis.

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Kontrowersje wokół zintegrowanych inwestycji terytorialnych

Author(s): Marek Obrębalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

Functional approach to the development of urban areas assuming a shift away from a view of problems and challenges only by the prism of administrative borders becomes more and more important. A new instrument – Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI) will be used in towns and in theirs functional areas in the perspective of EU programming (2014- -2020). In practice ITI has to contribute to the realization of integrated strategies of urban development and to play an important role in the development of towns and urban functional areas. Organizational, financial and functional ITI foundations meet on the one hand with enthusiastic acceptance by territorial self-government units, but on the other – with a lot of fear and unknown. Therefore coping with current and future challenges requires careful preparation and consequent realization of national and regional urban policy.

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Rozkład obciążeń podatkowych na lokalnych rynkach nieruchomości – zarys problematyki

Author(s): Marcelina Zapotoczna,Joanna Cymerman / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

The present paper addresses the problem of the taxes incidence on the local real estate markets. The main objective of this study was the approximation of the research problem. The study was divided into three stages aimed at: discussing the concept and characteristics of the real estate market, presenting taxes and charges occurring on the real estate market, noting the non-tax functions of taxes, presenting the issue of the tax incidence on the real estate market.

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Kwestionariusz pomiaru subiektywnej jakości życia mieszkańców regionów przygranicznych

Author(s): Marta Kusterka-Jefmańska,Bartłomiej Jefmański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 333/2014

Subjective quality of life is generally defined as the level of satisfaction of life and its conditions. It is measured frequently by using a questionnaire. The aim of this paper is to present a measurement tool of the subjective quality of life of the inhabitants of the border regions. The structure of the questionnaire was based on the measurement model covering the following areas of the quality of life: health, education, security, financial and professional situation, cultural and sports offer, place of residence. The measurement model was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the reliability of the proposed measurement tool, the results of the survey conducted in 2013 within the project: The quality of life in the border area − strengthening of cross-border flows for the common sustainable development and regional planning, financed by the European Regional Development Fund, were used.

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Elastyczność zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych względem stopy procentowej i dochodu

Author(s): Artur Pollok,Grzegorz Wałęga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

The intertemporal choice model is one of the basic elements of the theory which describes household behaviour. The existence of two-way substitution relies heavily on the existence of the credit market. It enables households to take out loans which, in a given period of time, cover the expenditures above the level of their current income. The theoretical model indicates that household debt is determined by the level of interest rates and the borrowers’ potential to make principal and interest repayments. The research conducted on the basis of data obtained from the National Bank of Poland and the Central Statistical Office indicates that the level of household debt in Poland resulting from loans and credit is closely related to average monthly gross compensations. The level of interest rates, on the other hand, does not have a considerable impact on the amount of household loans.

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Ograniczenia budżetowe polskich jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Drugi etap badań ankietowych

Author(s): Arkadiusz Babczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

The subject of this article is the assessment of Polish municipalities budget constraints. The author carried out a questionnaire survey asking mayors of Polish cities and members of other local and regional subnational governments. Finally, he investigated budget constraints of Polish municipalities and found them quite soft.

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Podatkowy wymiar pomocy publicznej

Author(s): Michał Sosnowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

In this article the author discusses the problem of use of strict fiscal form of state aid as a special kind of support in business enterprises. For this purpose, there are discussed the objectives, nature and various categories of state aid carried out in the economic policy. In addition the article presents a review of the types of tax of state aid in Poland and the analysis of its use in the years 2001-2009. The author also draws attention to the regulatory changes and the major restrictions in the use of particular forms of tax aid for entrepreneurs, which is related to the Polish membership in the European Union where this kind of business support is considered the least appropriate and is preferred to be significantly reduced for other forms of aid.

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Przejrzystość funkcjonowania państwowych funduszy majątkowych

Author(s): Dorota Krupa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) are government-owned investment funds, set up for a variety of macroeconomic purposes. SWFs are becoming increasingly important in the international monetary and financial system. The purpose of this article is to present the most important aspects of SWFs transparency. For the article reports and research published by The Monetary Investment Fund, The Monitor Group Company and The Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute were analyzed.

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Rozwój rynku usług faktoringowych w Polsce

Author(s): Anna Paluch,Danuta Zawadzka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

The paper focuses on the problems of the use of factoring in the companies’ current financing on Polish market. The study adopted the thesis that the importance of factoring increases due to increase in the mutual companies lending. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part the reasons of using factoring in business are presented. It is linked to the issue of trade credit. In the second part the size of the factoring market in Poland is being analyzed. Additionally, the activity of factors (specialized financial institutions), the number of transactions and their volume are characterized. The third section presents the structure of the market in terms of the factoring contracts.

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Analiza potencjału inwestycyjnego i poziomu samofinansowania samorządów gminnych w Polsce

Author(s): Justyna Łukomska-Szarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

The implemented investment projects increase the economic potential of self-governments, allow for the performance of tasks and launching innovative products and services, optimize the processes of management. The investments implemented by local self-governments influence the standard of living of the inhabitants and, through the development of communal infrastructure, they can encourage private investors to operate in their regions. This paper presents general aspects potential and investment capacity of commune self-governments (communes are principal units of territorial division in Poland) in 2004-2009. The scientific investigations were focused on the presentation of basic concepts of these issues, especially in terms of investment activity and local development.

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Finansowanie systemów edukacyjnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Alicja Bonarska-Treit,Halina Rechul / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

This article is about the ways of financing education systems in chosen European countries. The European Union does not state common education policy for all membership countries, instead it creates education standards, which are used by education systems of individual countries. The analysis of management and education systems in the European Union countries shows their significant differentiation. Education in these countries is mainly financed from public funds.

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Czy nadzór korporacyjny uchronił polskie banki przed kryzysem?

Author(s): Piotr Urbanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

Corporate governance is one of the areas in which we search for the origins of the current financial crisis. Although the governance instruments were not direct causes of the crisis, it is obvious that they were not adjusted to deal with the process of controlling and monitoring the new model of banking business, in which risk management plays a crucial role. The Polish banking sector survived the crisis in quite a good condition. The purpose of this paper is to find out to what extent good corporate governance has protected Polish banks from the global crisis.

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Wiedza i umiejętności finansowe mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich (na przykładzie Małopolski)

Author(s): Monika Szafrańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

The paper aims to analyse the actual and subjective state of financial knowledge of rural households in Małopolska region and also identifies factors determining the level of financial knowledge. As it has been demonstrated by the conducted analysis the level of actual financial knowledge of rural dwellers is not high. The significant determinants of the level of financial knowledge were the gender, age, education, subregion of the place of residence, income and its main source and activity in the financial services market. The higher level of financial knowledge characterized men, persons aged between 25 and 34, possessing higher education, persons having permanent jobs and also the respondents with the higher level of activity in the financial services market.

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Poziome wyrównywanie dochodów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego

Author(s): Piotr Laskowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

The article presents the system of equalization of the territorial self-government units’ income by redistributing money among these units. In Poland the system has been based on payments made by self-government units into the country budget assigned to balancing part or regional part of general subvention. The level of the payments depends on income tax ratio of the separate self-government unit (per one inhabitant). Such a solution has, according to the author, a flaw, as in some cases it causes too much individual burden and it is difficult to say it is distributed regularly.At the end, the author proposes the change in the criterion on the base of which self-government units obliged to the payments would be pointed out.

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Szwedzka droga wychodzenia z kryzysu finansowego

Author(s): Feliks Stawarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 167/2011

Answering the financial crisis that was in Sweden between 1990-1992 the government took a lot of actions that had to stabilize the financial system. The Swedish experiences of defeating the financial crisis become a pattern. The aim of the article is to present the Swedish conception of reform in the financial sector and the opinion of its results from the present experiences with the crisis.

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